Czecklish conjugation: Difference between revisions

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! style="" | Ablative

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! style="" | Allative

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! style="" | Delative

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! style="" | Illative

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! style="" | Instrumental

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! style="" | Juxtapositive

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! style="" | Locative

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! style="" | Perlative

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! style="" | Orientative

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! style="" | Revertive

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! style="" | Sublative

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! style="" | Temporal

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! style="" |First

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! style="" |Second

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! style="" |Third

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! style="" |Fourth

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! style="" |Fifth

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! style="" |Sixth

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! style="" |First

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! style="" |Second

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! style="" |Third

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! style="" |Fourth

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! style="" |Fifth

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! style="" |Sixth

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! style="" |Infinitive

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! style="" |Gerund

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! style="" |Gerundive

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! style="" |Supine

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! style="" |Participle

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==Valency==

Czecklish has a clear distinction of Valency and Voice. In Czecklish grammar, Voice is used to grammatically reduce the Valency of the verb; the Valency itself is the grammatical category that indicates how many arguments a verb can take. By default, a monovalent verb is unmarked, as it is obvious that there is only one argument and no others.<br />

'''Avalent'''<br />

Expresses that a verb has one subject and two objects, a direct one and an indirect one. A trivalent verb is ditransitive because it has three objects.

*E.g. I₁ buy flowers₂ for Sally₃<br />

==Volition==

Czecklish morphologically marks Volition. Volition is a concept that distinguishes whether the subject or agent of a particular sentence intended an action or not. Simply, it is the intentional or unintentional nature of an action. Volition concerns the idea of control and is considered the same as intention in linguistics.<br />

'''Volitional'''<br />

Expresses that an action was unintended to occur by an agent. The Nonvolitional indicates that the agent caused an action to occur due to accident.

*E.g. I broke the vase (on accident)<br />

==Mirativity==

Czecklish morphologically marks Mirativity. Mirativity is a grammatical category independent of Evidentiality, which indicates the speaker's surprise or the unpreparedness of their mind. Evidentiality is used separately to indicate the speaker’s evidence for a given statement. There are three degrees of Mirativity, as with Volition: a positive degree, a neutral degree, and a negative degree.<br />

'''Mirative'''<br />

Expresses that an action was expected by the subject. The Nonmirative is used to indicate indifference or preparedness of the speaker.

*E.g. She brought flowers (expectedly)<br />

==Evidentiality==

In Czecklish, Evidentiality is the indication of the nature of evidence for a given statement; that is, whether evidence exists for the statement and/or what kind of evidence exists. An evidential is the particular grammatical element (affix, clitic, or particle) that indicates evidentiality. Czecklish uses suffixes to indicate both Direct and Indirect Evidentiality. Indirect Evidentiality can be divided into four separate degrees of Evidentiality: First Reportative, Second Reportative, Inferential, and Assumed. The unmarked Evidential is the Direct Evidential, as most evidence is likely to have been witnessed firsthand.<br />

'''Direct Evidentiality'''<br />

Expresses that the action is assumed to occur by the speaker. The knowledge is assumed to have occurred, because it usually does under similar circumstances. There is a certain degree of confidence when the Assumptive is used. The Assumptive is equivalent to the English modal verb “must” in regards to usage.

*E.g. She must have bought flowers<br />

==Comparison==

Czecklish only has one degree of comparison, and as such does not make a distinction between -er and -est. In other words, the superlative form of a noun is indistinguishable from the comparative form in both meaning and affixation.<br />

'''Positive'''<br />