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[[Riphean/Music]]
[[Riphean/Lexicon]]


'''Riphean''' (''riviske ṛstine'') is an Indo-European language in the Riphic branch, a satem branch in a clade with [[Azalic]]. It's spoken in Irta's Ukraine, Belarus, and Korea, and is influenced by Uralic languages. It's also spoken in the island of Nōje Ceme (Isle of Man in our timeline), and substantial Riphean-speaking communities exist in parts of Irta's Russia, Alaska and Tibet. More recently it has absorbed words and calques from various Mediterranean languages.
'''Riphean''' (''rivška'') is an Indo-European language of [[Verse:Tdūrzů|Tdūrzů]], spoken in our Poland, Prussia, Latvia and Lithuania. It is inspired by Czech and Dutch and contains vocabulary we think of as Balto-Slavic and non-English Germanic.


Riphean has many accents and there is even a creole of Riphean, Korean and a little Nivkh, ''Bamaej-eo'' (literally "mixed language"), with some Korean words and mostly Korean syntax. Bamaej-eo, spoken in Irta Sakhalin, is notable for being the only modern Riphic language which preserves the stop system of Middle Riphean, reinforced by Korean's stop system. Another notable creole is Riphlish, spoken by Riphean people in Anglophone parts of [[Verse:Irta]]. It has Riphean syntax but generally less free word order, influenced by English, and a general reduction in morphology (there is no grammatical case in Riphlish, as in Bulgarian). Riphlish has some peculiar grammatical quirks found in neither Riphean nor English, such as the total avoidance of infinitive forms (believed to be borrowed from Arabic), and a total syncretism of the dative and the genitive, using the apostrophe -'s for both. Some features borrowed from English are besides the more rigid word order, the presence of analytic tenses and a perfect tense construction with the verb ''emi'' "to have" (''aiđi'' in standard Riphean; personal forms use the root ''em-'').
== TODO ==
Split-ergative past tense using a -n- passive participle?
=== UDHR ===
''Wiži dzíni kimeđ walni im lejki in zwem chejn im zwame đejžam.''


Modern Riphean is notable for mostly preserving PIE's syllabic approximants, ḷ and ṛ. However, Riphean consonants display various innovations including Grimm's law taken a step further (as in Dutch in our timeline).
/ˈʋɪ{{ž}}ɪ ˈdziːɲɪ ˈkɪməθ ˈʋalɲɪ ɪm ˈlɛjkɪ ɪn zʋɛm xɛjn ɪm ˈzʋamə ˈðɛjʒɐm/


==Todo==
(im ~ Latin ambō)


''Truktine'' - goddess of peace and harmony
hejn ~ τῑμή 'honor', đejše ~ teisė


Other goddesses: ''Ōzrine/Rīđine, Wexrine, ...''
== Phonology ==
Riphean has consistent initial stress.


''Kīwaiđaza kala in utnė vlōje'' - The living fish swims in water.
Vowel-initial words get a glottal stop initial, at least in formal speech


''lauzme'' - world, from *lewk-mn; stem ''lauzmen-''
Voiceless stops are not aspirated


''vrirasti'' - nature
w and v as in Dutch


''zaurasti'' - nurture
c č ď dz dž ň ř s z š ž h ch as in Czech, ľ as in Slovak, ř devoices word-finally


''-wite'' - science
h devoices to [x]


*''vamēzwite'', ''xīmje'' - chemistry
''đ'' = [ð], devoices to [θ]
**''vamēzwitina panta'' - chemical bond
*''sternawite'' - astronomy
*''wistōrje'' - history (later coinage)
''nepalaste'' - anesthesia
*''nepalastwite'' - anesthesiology
''trōkzaiđaste'' - synesthesia


''zaiđna'' - sensory
Stressed ''a e i o u'' = [a ɛ ɪ ɔ u]


''trōkna'' - concomitant, ''trōken'' - together
''á é í ó ů'' = [a{{long}} e{{lowered}}{{long}} i{{long}} o{{lowered}}{{long}} u{{long}}]


''yēre, lėđe, azanye, cīme'' - seasons
''ej ui ou'' = [ɛj œɥ ɔw]


''azaniđi'' - to harvest, to earn (semantics influenced by the English cognate)
''l'' is velarized, ''r'' is usually an approximant. Both can be syllabic: ''wlch'' 'wolf', ''crn'' 'grain'.


''lėđe'' - (poetic) year
Auslautverhärtung


''weđa'' - year
Unstressed a = [ɐ] (like Portuguese)


''ōster'' - morning
== Morphology ==
=== Nouns and adjectives ===
==== Masculine animate ====
The dative singular has replaced the regular accusative singular for masculine animate nouns (cf. ''a'' in Spanish).


''uđrni'' - noon
manč "man"
* nom. manč, manči
* gen. mančez, manču
* dat. manče, mančem
* acc. manče, mančuz
* ins. manču, mančiz


''sletuđrni'' - afternoon
==== Masculine inanimate ====
Dialectally, these nouns may merge with neuter nouns: ''tam, tama''


''wespra'' - evening
''tam'' "house"
* nom. tam, tami
* gen. tamez, tamu
* dat. tame, tamem
* acc. tam, tamuz
* ins. tamu, tamiz


''naiđ'' - night
==== Feminine -a ====
kena "woman"
* nom. kena, kenaz
* gen. kenaz, kenu
* dat. kene, kenam
* acc. kenou, kenouz
* ins. kenam, kenami


''skīye'' - shadow
==== Other feminine ====
váni (< vađni < potnih2) "lady, Mrs."
* nom. váni, vániz
* gen. vániz, váňu
* dat. váni, vánim
* acc. váni, vániz
* ins. vánim, vánimi


''skēwiđi'' - to walk
nacht "night"
* nom. nacht, nachtiz
* gen. nachtiz, nachťu
* dat. nachti, nachtim
* acc. nachti, nachtiz
* ins. nachtim, nachtmi


''wart'' - plant
==== Neuter ====
céđ "child" (<- ģenh1tom, ~ Kind)
* nom. céđ, céđa
* gen. céđez, céđu
* dat. céđe, céđem
* acc. céđ, céđa
* ins. céđu, céđiz


''cweri'' - animal
==== Adjectives ====
Indefinite and definite declensions


''sēne'' - fungus
=== Verbs ===
etež "to eat"


''vratānik'' - prokaryote
ec etem, ji eteđ, ež eteđ, đam etar, jíľud eteđ, í eteđ


''zōtānik'' - eukaryote
(Polite pronoun?)


===Bamaej-eo===
negative ne
Kioneun kala unneo-in blon-ada. - The living fish swims in water (-neun, -ada and syntax from Korean, the rest is Riphic)


Three numeral systems - Riphic, Korean and Sinitic
==== ''buiž'' 'to be' ====
ec em, ji eđ, ež es, đam ér, jiľud eđ, í zouđ


Tons of deictics as in Nivkh
Negative ec nem, ji neđ, ež nes, đam nér, jiľud neđ, í nezouđ


==Numbers==
==== Reflexive verbs ====
aina, twā, đrije, xeđure, vaixe, zes, zevu, astu, nȯ, teγu
ouchiž ze "to learn"


==Grammar==
ec ouchim ze, ji ouchiđ ze, ež ouchiđ ze, đam ouchir ze, jiľud ouchiđ ze, í ouchiđ ze
Riphean has three noun genders, termed animate, inanimate and collective by native grammarians. These correspond to masculine, neuter and feminine genders in other Indo-European languages. The correlation between grammatical gender and biological gender is much less in Riphean than in other IE languages, due to the influence of Uralic languages.


As in Latin and Greek, Riphean has various declension paradigms for nouns. Some common ones are:
=== Numerals ===
*first declension nouns - inanimate suffixless, animate ''-a'', collective ''-e''
ejn, tů, đrí, cheđur, véch, zest, zevouđ, astuđ, ňouđ, tezou
*second declension nouns - ''-i'', independent of gender
*third declension nouns - ''-u'', independent of gender


Gender has been almost completely regularized in Riphean, again due to Uralic influence -- it is correlated with morphology, so all nouns ending in ''-e'' are collective, even nouns like ''aste'' (bone), which derives from the Old Riphean neuter noun ''haste''. Most notably, Riphean pronouns do not inflect for gender, as in Armenian and Persian, but adjectives do; adjective genders follow lexical animacy when the noun is second or third declension and they follow nominal morphology for first declension nouns. There is also a distinction between attributive and predicative adjectives, with predicative adjectives never taking suffixes:
ejnľez, twejľez, đríľez, cheđurľez, véľez, zesľez, zevaľez, astľez, ňouľez, twejcouđi
* En sive atvėziđe. "It is a good document".
* Ene atvėziđe siv. "That document is good".


An example animate noun: kala "fish"
đrícouđi, cheđurcouđi, vécouđi, zescouđi, zevacouđi, ascouđi, ňucouđi, stou? (random change from kmtom -> ktom, influenced by the ordinal stouđe <- ktm-tos)
*Nominative: kala, kalė
*Accusative: kalu, kalė/kalō
*Genitive: kalas, kalō
*Dative: kalė, kalām
*Instrumental: kalam, kalėm


An example collective noun: pluze "flea"
đouzuđ
*Nominative: pluze, pluzė
*Accusative: pluzai, pluzė/pluzō
*Genitive: pluzes, pluzō
*Dative: pluzēvi, pluzēm
*Instrumental: pluzai, pluzėm


A neuter noun: tėđ "child"
ejn "1" declines as follows:
*Nominative: tėđ, tėđe
* nom. ejn, ejna, ejn
*Accusative: tėđ, tėđe/tėđō
*Genitive: tėđas, tėđō
*Dative: tėđė, tėđām
*Instrumental: tėđam, tėđėm


===Adjectives===
tů "2" declines as follows:
While Riphean doesn't have definite articles, Riphean adjectives inflect for definiteness. There are generally two forms for adjectives, the indefinite form and the definite form formed by postposing a clitic -za, -ze or -đa. The rules are as follows:
* nom. tů, twí, twej
*-za after animate singular nominative nouns
* gen. tweju
*-ze after collective singular nominative and accusative nouns
* dat. twím
*-đa elsewhere
* acc. tů, twí, twej
* ins. twími


===Verbs===
đrí "3" declines as follows:
* nom. đrí
* gen. đríu
* dat. đrím
* acc. đrí
* ins. đrími


Verbs in Riphean do not inflect for aspect but there are lexical aspects, formed from prefixes (analogous to phrasal verbs in English), root extensions and sometimes suppletion. There are three tenses in Riphean: nonpast, direct past and inferential past, the latter deriving from an Old Riphean pluperfect tense.
== Syntax ==
German-like?


==Syntax==
== Swadesh list ==
<poem>
I: ec
thou: ji
he/she/it: ež/já/it
we: đam (originally a dummy word used with the impersonal, from đám "there")
ye: jíľud
they: í/jáz/đá
this: siđe
that: đađe
here: sím
there: đám
</poem>


Syntax in Riphean is quite free.
== Texts ==
=== Schleicher's fable ===
Ra oucha um ri dzrki
 
Oucha, čá wlnou ne [had], [saw] dzrkuz

Latest revision as of 19:22, 18 February 2026

Riphean/Lexicon

Riphean (rivška) is an Indo-European language of Tdūrzů, spoken in our Poland, Prussia, Latvia and Lithuania. It is inspired by Czech and Dutch and contains vocabulary we think of as Balto-Slavic and non-English Germanic.

TODO

Split-ergative past tense using a -n- passive participle?

UDHR

Wiži dzíni kimeđ walni im lejki in zwem chejn im zwame đejžam.

/ˈʋɪʒɪ ˈdziːɲɪ ˈkɪməθ ˈʋalɲɪ ɪm ˈlɛjkɪ ɪn zʋɛm xɛjn ɪm ˈzʋamə ˈðɛjʒɐm/

(im ~ Latin ambō)

hejn ~ τῑμή 'honor', đejše ~ teisė

Phonology

Riphean has consistent initial stress.

Vowel-initial words get a glottal stop initial, at least in formal speech

Voiceless stops are not aspirated

w and v as in Dutch

c č ď dz dž ň ř s z š ž h ch as in Czech, ľ as in Slovak, ř devoices word-finally

h devoices to [x]

đ = [ð], devoices to [θ]

Stressed a e i o u = [a ɛ ɪ ɔ u]

á é í ó ů = [aː e̞ː iː o̞ː uː]

ej ui ou = [ɛj œɥ ɔw]

l is velarized, r is usually an approximant. Both can be syllabic: wlch 'wolf', crn 'grain'.

Auslautverhärtung

Unstressed a = [ɐ] (like Portuguese)

Morphology

Nouns and adjectives

Masculine animate

The dative singular has replaced the regular accusative singular for masculine animate nouns (cf. a in Spanish).

manč "man"

  • nom. manč, manči
  • gen. mančez, manču
  • dat. manče, mančem
  • acc. manče, mančuz
  • ins. manču, mančiz

Masculine inanimate

Dialectally, these nouns may merge with neuter nouns: tam, tama

tam "house"

  • nom. tam, tami
  • gen. tamez, tamu
  • dat. tame, tamem
  • acc. tam, tamuz
  • ins. tamu, tamiz

Feminine -a

kena "woman"

  • nom. kena, kenaz
  • gen. kenaz, kenu
  • dat. kene, kenam
  • acc. kenou, kenouz
  • ins. kenam, kenami

Other feminine

váni (< vađni < potnih2) "lady, Mrs."

  • nom. váni, vániz
  • gen. vániz, váňu
  • dat. váni, vánim
  • acc. váni, vániz
  • ins. vánim, vánimi

nacht "night"

  • nom. nacht, nachtiz
  • gen. nachtiz, nachťu
  • dat. nachti, nachtim
  • acc. nachti, nachtiz
  • ins. nachtim, nachtmi

Neuter

céđ "child" (<- ģenh1tom, ~ Kind)

  • nom. céđ, céđa
  • gen. céđez, céđu
  • dat. céđe, céđem
  • acc. céđ, céđa
  • ins. céđu, céđiz

Adjectives

Indefinite and definite declensions

Verbs

etež "to eat"

ec etem, ji eteđ, ež eteđ, đam etar, jíľud eteđ, í eteđ

(Polite pronoun?)

negative ne

buiž 'to be'

ec em, ji eđ, ež es, đam ér, jiľud eđ, í zouđ

Negative ec nem, ji neđ, ež nes, đam nér, jiľud neđ, í nezouđ

Reflexive verbs

ouchiž ze "to learn"

ec ouchim ze, ji ouchiđ ze, ež ouchiđ ze, đam ouchir ze, jiľud ouchiđ ze, í ouchiđ ze

Numerals

ejn, tů, đrí, cheđur, véch, zest, zevouđ, astuđ, ňouđ, tezou

ejnľez, twejľez, đríľez, cheđurľez, véľez, zesľez, zevaľez, astľez, ňouľez, twejcouđi

đrícouđi, cheđurcouđi, vécouđi, zescouđi, zevacouđi, ascouđi, ňucouđi, stou? (random change from kmtom -> ktom, influenced by the ordinal stouđe <- ktm-tos)

đouzuđ

ejn "1" declines as follows:

  • nom. ejn, ejna, ejn

tů "2" declines as follows:

  • nom. tů, twí, twej
  • gen. tweju
  • dat. twím
  • acc. tů, twí, twej
  • ins. twími

đrí "3" declines as follows:

  • nom. đrí
  • gen. đríu
  • dat. đrím
  • acc. đrí
  • ins. đrími

Syntax

German-like?

Swadesh list

I: ec
thou: ji
he/she/it: ež/já/it
we: đam (originally a dummy word used with the impersonal, from đám "there")
ye: jíľud
they: í/jáz/đá
this: siđe
that: đađe
here: sím
there: đám

Texts

Schleicher's fable

Ra oucha um ri dzrki

Oucha, čá wlnou ne [had], [saw] dzrkuz

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