Verse:Irta/Irish: Difference between revisions
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'' | ''a γGoēlge'' | ||
Spoken in unified Ireland, | Spoken in unified Ireland, Britain, and parts of the Americas by 50 million people (Irta Canada's official languages are English, Irish and indigenous languages such as Inuit and Cree) | ||
Essentially the same as our timeline's Munster and Connemara Irish but with fewer English loans; Northern Ireland speaks Connemara and Southern Ireland speaks Munster | Essentially the same as our timeline's Munster and Connemara Irish but with fewer English loans; Northern Ireland speaks Connemara and Southern Ireland speaks Munster. In both Irta and Crackfic Tricin, Standard Irish is based on Connacht Irish. Written Irish rapidly became less conservative during the early modern period, and after the Second Remonition in the 17th century it was essentially our timeline's modern Connemara Irish. | ||
Pre-reform orthography is the same as our timeline's pre-reform orthography. Irish undergoes a spelling reform in opposite directions in Irta and Tricin; Irta uses a phonetic orthography while the Trician spelling is more etymological than our Classical Irish orthography, reflecting lost Proto-Celtic consonants (øláṁ = hand, ıomṡaıġ = to turn, Aıḟıṡfe = Aoife, joıġer = ice) | |||
Irish in Tricin | English, Irish, Riphean and Japanese are the main languages used in Irtan linguistics (in Crackfic Tricin, English and Netagin; in Canon Tricin, Eevo, Anbirese and Netagin) | ||
== Our transcription of Irish == | |||
== | Since Irta Irish has different dialects and orthographies depending on location, we'll generally use the following phonetic orthography to transcribe Irish according to how they are pronounced in the individual dialect. | ||
/ | (/ denotes a broad/slender pair.) | ||
<poem> | |||
Irta and CF Trician Irish both have 5 phonemic vowel qualities: | |||
a/ia ā/iā | |||
oe/e oē/ē | |||
y/i ȳ/ī | |||
o/io ō/iō | |||
u/iu ū/iū | |||
/ | Diphthongs: īe /iə/ ūo /uə/ īa /ia/ aj/iaj əj/ej aw/iaw əw/ew | ||
Schwa: a = broad ə, e = slender ə (written as y/i when pronounced as [ɪ]) | |||
consonants: b c ch d gh f g h j l ll m n nn ng p r rr s t v, z dz tz /z ts= tsh/ in loans (p t c are always aspirated; scéal -> sgēl/sgīal) | |||
ı = soft sign | |||
</poem> | |||
Names that exist in our Irish (such as Aoife) will be spelled in our timeline's post-reform orthography; other names will use this transcription (such as Sīra from Hebrew Shira). | |||
=== Hangul transcription === | |||
(Yale Romanization) | |||
a/ya ey/yey ui/i o/yo wu/ywu | |||
Diphthongs: ai/yai ei/yei au/yau ewu/yewu ie ue ia | |||
Schwa: e/ye | |||
The epenthetic vowel (used for transcribing consonant clusters) is spelled i after slender consonants and u after broad ones | |||
* Éire = 에려 eyrye | |||
* athair = 아허리 aheli | |||
* Sadhbh = 서이브 seipu | |||
* buíochas = 쁴허스 ppuihesu | |||
final broad L = 울/얼 | |||
==Lexicon== | ==Lexicon== | ||
* '' | * some words borrowed via English in our timeline are different | ||
* 'I see' is '' | * ''halive'' 'halva' (written ''ħailve'' in Cualand) | ||
* ''Tibēres'', gen. ''hTibērisı'' (m) 'Tiberias', ''Owrysı hTibērisı'' 'Tiberian Hebrew' (CF Trician Irish uses ''Tibḗrı'', gen. ''Tibḗre'') | |||
* 'I see' is ''fecimı'' in Irtan Irish (''chīmı'' in Cualand Irish) | |||
* ''Dīe dytse'' (said by some non-Catholics as a reply to ''Dia dhuit''); ''Hyliō'' (non-theistic greeting) | |||
* ''lastas'' 'cargo' and related words are loans from a Stem-Riphic language (klh2-st-). | |||
* ''sráid'' is a loan via Majorcan ''s{{cll}}ràd{{cll}}'' (from Latin ''strāta'', via Arabic ''SirāT''). | |||
=== from WP === | === from WP === | ||
Munster Irish differs from [[Ulster Irish|Ulster]] and [[Connacht Irish]] in a number of respects. Some words and phrases used in Munster Irish are not used in the other varieties, such as: | Munster Irish differs from [[Ulster Irish|Ulster]] and [[Connacht Irish]] in a number of respects. Some words and phrases used in Munster Irish are not used in the other varieties, such as: | ||
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* {{lang|ga|-(e)amhail}} used instead of standard {{lang|ga|-(i)úil}} in [[Dunquin]] in words such as {{lang|ga|suimeamhail}}, {{lang|ga|cáirdeamhail}}, {{lang|ga|oifigeamhail}}, etc. instead of standard {{lang|ga|suimiúil}}, {{lang|ga|cáirdiúil}}, {{lang|ga|oifigiúil}}, etc. | * {{lang|ga|-(e)amhail}} used instead of standard {{lang|ga|-(i)úil}} in [[Dunquin]] in words such as {{lang|ga|suimeamhail}}, {{lang|ga|cáirdeamhail}}, {{lang|ga|oifigeamhail}}, etc. instead of standard {{lang|ga|suimiúil}}, {{lang|ga|cáirdiúil}}, {{lang|ga|oifigiúil}}, etc. | ||
== Names == | == Names == | ||
Among Hebrew speakers, Irish names are rarely Hebraized (it's more common to choose a completely different Hebrew name), but here are some commonly Hebraized ones. | Among Hebrew speakers, Irish names are rarely Hebraized (it's more common to choose a completely different Hebrew name), but here are some commonly Hebraized ones. | ||
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* Ciarán = קרן 'horn, ray' | * Ciarán = קרן 'horn, ray' | ||
<!-- Órla sounds funny to the 12 year old inside me, עוֹרלה = foreskin --> | <!-- Órla sounds funny to the 12 year old inside me, עוֹרלה = foreskin --> | ||
== Canadian Irish == | == Dialects == | ||
Canadian Irish has as many Ăn Yidiș loans as our German and | Irtan Irish dialects mainly differ in vocabulary and grammar | ||
=== Canadian Irish === | |||
Canadian Irish has as many Ăn Yidiș loans (many from thieves' cant) as our German and Dutch has Yiddish loans. | |||
broad v is /v/ more often | |||
Some Cualand Irish slang expressions: | Some Cualand Irish slang expressions: | ||
* '' | * ''vāhḗ'' [vɑːˈheː], a minced oath (< ''a vāhar jDē'' 'oh mother of God') | ||
* '' | * ''nīlı hevıdylı lium erı'' 'I'm not feeling up to it' (An Yidish ''chnel hevdil lum er'' 'I don't care about it') | ||
* '' | * ''ganōv'' (m) 'fraudster, crook' ''ganōvālı'' 'to bilk' (backformation from ''gănovim'' 'thieves') | ||
* '' | * ''plīda'' (f) 'truancy, cutting school'; ''ar plīda'' 'barely (esp. from being caught or being punished)' (from פליטה 'escape') | ||
* '' | * ''hutzpa/huspa'' (f) 'chutzpah', ''hutzpūlı'' (adj), ''cutzpadōrı/cuspadōrı'' 'cheeky person' (חוצפּהטאר) | ||
* ''bachar'' (m) 'guy, chap' (from בחור) | * ''bachar'' (m) 'guy, chap' (from בחור) | ||
* '' | * ''hōcham'' 'having street smarts' (חכם), ''hochma'' (f) 'street smarts' (חכמה) | ||
* ''ag | * ''ag stīga'' 'secretly' (שתיקה) | ||
* '' | * ''lawrı/cantı tachyles'' 'to speak frankly, straight talk, ''Tacheles reden''' (תּכלית) | ||
* '' | * ''īnjenūlı'' '(euphemism) relevant to anything the speaker doesn't want to state directly' (from ''inyănil'' 'topical') | ||
* '' | * ''sechell'', ''sychell'', ''sa-chī́ell'' (f) 'good sense, common sense, intelligence' (phonosemantic matching of Hebrew שכל ''sexel'', introduced by Aoife, derived from hypothetical PCel ''su-kʷēslā'') | ||
=== Majorcan Irish === | |||
''Goēlge na Mìre'' | |||
French, Majorcan, and English vocab | |||
broad/slender is realized as Arabic emphatic/nonemphatic in broad speech (pun intended); no distinction between fortis and lenis resonants (literally called "broad speech" in Irish) | |||
Schwa is lower than in native Irish accents, often ʌ, ɑ, but word-finally after slender consonants, ɛ (final slender schwa = æ is just a very thick Arabic accent) | |||
broad dh = Arabic Zā' != broad gh = Arabic ghayn in broad | broad dh = Arabic Zā' != broad gh = Arabic ghayn in very broad Majorcan Irish | ||