Hantza/Phonology: Difference between revisions
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Note that the phoneme /g/ is missing in the plosive series. | |||
Those consonants that exhibit allophony are discussed below. | |||
==Consonantal allophony== | ==Consonantal allophony== | ||
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In Hantza, /s/ is typically realised as the retracted [s̠]. This phonetic value is similar to that found in some northern dialects of [[w:Dutch language|Dutch]]. To English speakers it may sound like it is actually the post-alveolar fricative [ʃ]. Indeed, for many speakers /s/ is realised as [ɕ] before /i/. Similarly, for these /ts/ also becomes [tɕ] before in the same environment. | In Hantza, /s/ is typically realised as the retracted [s̠]. This phonetic value is similar to that found in some northern dialects of [[w:Dutch language|Dutch]]. To English speakers it may sound like it is actually the post-alveolar fricative [ʃ]. Indeed, for many speakers /s/ is realised as [ɕ] before /i/. Similarly, for these /ts/ also becomes [tɕ] before in the same environment. | ||
The glottal fricative /h/ is realised differently depending on the vowel that follows it. These allophones are given in the table below | The glottal fricative /h/ is realised differently depending on the vowel that follows it. These allophones are given in the table below: | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 264px; text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 264px; text-align:center;" | ||
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Note that despite /h/ being referred to as "glottal" it most often not glottal phonetically. | |||
===Liquids=== | ===Liquids=== | ||
The single rhotic in Hantza /r/ also has a great many realisations [[Hantza/Dialects|cross-dialectically]] | The single rhotic in Hantza /r/ also has a great many realisations [[Hantza/Dialects|cross-dialectically]]; this could be one of [ɹ ~ ɾ ~ r ~ ʀ ~ ʁ ~ χ ~ x]. The pronunciation of /r/ can also differ idiosyncratically from the dialectal norm. | ||
As with the glottal /h/, the rhotic phoneme /r/ is also often labialised before the vowels /o, u/. | |||
The lateral /l/ is realised as a dark [ɫ] when followed by /k, h/ and is a clear [l] elsewhere. | The lateral /l/ is realised as a dark [ɫ] when followed by /k, h/ and is a clear [l] elsewhere. | ||
==Vowel phonemes== | ==Vowel phonemes== | ||
Hantza's vowel inventory is a simple five-vowel system, similar to that of many modern languages, such as Greek and Swahili | Hantza's vowel inventory is a simple five-vowel system, similar to that of many modern languages, such as Greek and Swahili. | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 198px; text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 198px; text-align:center;" | ||
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| colspan="2"| a | | colspan="2"| a | ||
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Vowel length is not phonemic in Hantza and there are no diphthongs. | |||
==Vocalic allophony== | ==Vocalic allophony== | ||
In most dialects, | In most dialects, including the Karakum, vowels are realised qualitatively different when unstressed. | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 198px; text-align:center;" | |||
! style="width: 66px; " | | |||
! style="width: 66px; " |/a/ | |||
! style="width: 66px; " |/e/ | |||
! style="width: 66px; " |/i/ | |||
! style="width: 66px; " |/o/ | |||
! style="width: 66px; " |/u/ | |||
|- | |||
! Stressed | |||
| [ä] | |||
| [e] | |||
| [i] | |||
| [o] | |||
| [ʉ] | |||
|- | |||
! Unstressed | |||
| [ɐ] | |||
| [ɛ] | |||
| [ɪ] | |||
| [ɔ] | |||
| [ʊ̈] | |||
|} | |||
Note that this is not the case for all dialects. | |||
{{Hantza}} | {{Hantza}} | ||