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| [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Swadesh list|Swadesh list for Tigol and the Tigolic languages]]
| | The '''Keric languages''' are a small language family native to Mwail British Isles. |
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| [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Lexicon]]
| | == Family tree == |
| | * Keric |
| | ** Ker/Qua |
| | ** Danishmandi |
| | ** Bri |
| | ** Gloob |
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| '''Tigol''' (''TEE-gol'', ''in nTiccál'' from [[Thensarian]] ''φinom Tincatlom'' 'the note, the gloss; the explanation'; [[Eevo]]: ''Tygol''; [[Anbirese]]: ''Tigol'') is a [[Talmic]] language which arose from northern dialects of [[Talmic languages|Proto-Talmic]]. Its aesthetics is based on Old Irish orthography. Its extreme grammatical complexity caused it to diverge rapidly into the modern Tigolic languages, [[Skellan]], [[Anbirese]] and [[Ciètian]].
| | == Phonology == |
| | === Preinitial === |
| | Cə-, N- preinitials |
| | === Initials === |
| | p t ts c k ʔ |
| | b d dz ɟ g |
| | pʼ tʼ tsʼ cʼ kʼ |
| | m n ɲ |
| | ˀm ˀn ˀɲ ˀŋ |
| | ʰm ʰn ʰɲ ʰŋ |
| | w j |
| | ˀw ˀj |
| | ʰw ʰj |
| | θ s ɕ h |
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| The relationship of Thensarian to Tigol was at first much like that of Latin to early Romance, or Biblical Hebrew to Tiberian Hebrew --- Tigol was how Thensarian texts ("ketiv") were read ("qere"), and the Tigol writing system was originally a phonetic alphabet for reading Thensarian texts. However, in time many texts written in phonetically written literary Tigol followed. It is the language of the earliest texts of Mărotłism.
| | === Medials === |
| | j? l r |
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| ==Pre-Tigol== | | === Nuclei === |
| | i ə u e a o |
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:700px;text-align:center;"
| | Nuclei could be either modal or creaky |
| ! colspan="2" |
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| ! |Labial
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| ! |Dental
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| ! |Alveolar
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| ! |Palatal
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| ! |Velar
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| ! |Glottal
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
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| | '''m''' /m/
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| |colspan="2"| '''n''' /n/
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| | '''ŋ''' /ŋ/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" |Plosive
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| ! |<small>voiceless</small>
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| |colspan="2"| '''t''' /t/
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| | '''k''' /k/
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| |-
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| ! |<small>voiced</small>
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| | '''b''' /b/
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| |colspan="2"| '''d''' /d/
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| | '''g''' /g/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
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| ! |<small>voiceless</small>
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| | '''s''' /s/
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| |rowspan="2" | '''h''' /h/
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| |-
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| ! |<small>voiced</small>
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| | [z]
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |Trill
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| | '''r''' /r/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |Approximant
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| | '''w''' /ʋ/
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| | '''l''' /l/
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| | '''j''' /j/
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| |}
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| | === Finals === |
| | p t k m n ŋ w j r ð |
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
| | === Postfinals === |
| ! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; "|
| | -ʔ -s |
| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Front
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| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
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| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
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| |-
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Close
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| | '''i''' /i/
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| | '''ī''' /iː/
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| | '''u''' /u/
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| | '''ū''' /uː/
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Mid
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| | '''e''' /ɛ/
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| | '''o''' /ɔ/
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Open
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| | '''a''' /a/
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| | '''ā''' /aː/
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| |}
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| The diphthongs are '''ai au ei eu iu oi ui'''.
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| ==Todo==
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| *should be an Old Irish relex
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| *''Agcaoili'' - a name
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| *''ull'' = place name morpheme (''eul-'' in Anbirese)
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| *Sian dom Ceamb can be a person's name
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| **Eulsjeondamkjeom in Anbir
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| *ghdhbh is allowed: aeġḋḃithir, luġḋḃae, sóiġḋḃaṁ
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| *dobanis > dobh = to be like
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| *change ħ to ŋ
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| *''immer'' < *φimmirae < ''φinae mirae'' = now
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| *Verb prefixes:
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| **''ar-'': on, at
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| **''(deut.) as-'': telic
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| **''(prot.) de-, (deut.) do-'': in, at
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| **''é-'': with, co-
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| **''fin-''/''sin-'' = well, thoroughly
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| **''for-'': causative, through
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| **''(prot.) ful-, (deut.) fol-'': around, back
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| **''imm-'': immediately
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| **''(prot.) gel-, (deut.) gol-'': up, out
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| **''ro-'': down
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| **''sol-'': a causative
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| **''(prot.) su-, (deut.) so-'': towards
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| **''(prot.) sur-, (deut.) sor-'': back
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| **''(prot.) u(cc)-, (deut.) oc-'': from
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| *Derivational affixes:
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| **''-ach'' = verbal noun
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| **''-aitt'' = adjectivizer
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| **''-all'' = verbal noun, also abstract noun?
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| **''an-/é-'' = intensive; 'very'
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| *''-óid'' = origin suffix
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| *''A nDessachthar'' = name of a museum (lit. "that you may see inside her [the Second Mover]")
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| * *nt *nk > unlenited /d g/ (normally written t c). Note that PCelt *ant,*ent > *ent > /eːd/ but *int *ont *unt > /idd odd udd/ like *nk: cét /kʲeːd/ "hundred" < PCelt *kantom (cf. Welsh cant) < PIE *kṃtóm; sét /sʲeːd/ "way" < *sentu- (vs. Breton hent); ro·icc, ric(c)/r(o)-iɡɡ/ "he reaches" < *ro-ink- (vs. Bret rankout "must, owe"); tocad /toɡað/ "luck" (vs. Bret tonkad "fate").[25]*ns > unlenited s with compensatory lengthening of a preceding vowel; *ans > *ens > és similarly to *ant *ank: géis "swan" < PCelt *gansi- < PIE *ǵʰh₂ens- (vs. Dutch gans "goose").
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| #i-affection: Short *e and *o are raised to i and u when the following syllable contains a high vowel (*i, *ī, *u, *ū). It does not happen when the vowels are separated by certain consonant groups.
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| #a-affection: Short *i and *u are lowered to e and o when the following syllable contains a non-high back vowel (*a, *ā, *o, *ō).
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| #u-affection: Short *a, *e, *i are broken to short diphthongs au, eu, iu when the following syllable contains a *u or *ū that was later lost. It is assumed that at the point the change operated, u-vowels that were later lost were short *u while those that remain were long *ū. The change operates after i-affection so original *e may end up as iu.
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| ==Orthography==
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| Talmic script; borrow ''h'' from Windermere script
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| ==Phonology==
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| ===Consonants===
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| *'''b c d f g l m n ŋ p r s t''' /p kʰ t f k l m n ŋ pʰ r s tʰ/
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| *"Lenition": '''ḃ ch ḋ fh ġ h mh ph sh th''' /b gʰ d fʰ g h mʰ bʰ sʰ dʰ/
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| *"Eclipsis": '''mb ŋc nd ŋg mf mp ns nt''' /ᵐb ᵑkʰ ⁿd ᵑg ᵐf ᵐpʰ ⁿs ⁿtʰ/
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| *Geminates: '''cc ll mm nn ŋŋ pp rr ss tt''' /kː lː mː nː ŋː pː rː sː tː/
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| ===Vowels===
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| *'''a e i o u''' /a e i o u/
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| *'''á é í ó ú''' /aː eː iː oː uː/
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| *'''ai ei io oi ui'''
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| *'''ae ao ái éi eo éu ia ío íu iú ói oí ua úi uí''' /ae ao ai ei eo: ø: ia i:o y: iu: o:i oi: ua u:i ui:/
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| All five short vowels '''a e i o u''' could occur in a word-final unstressed syllable.
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| ==Morphology==
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| :''Main article: [[Tigol/Morphology]]''
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| ==Syntax==
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| ==Poetry==
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| Tigol poetry from the time when Tigol was living uses the Welsh cynghanedd system.
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| *''Int Amroctaíḃ Óc Eo'' = The Chronicles of Óc Eo
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| [[Category:Eevo]][[Category:Talmic languages]][[Category:Quihum languages]][[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Languages]]
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