Verse:Irta/Irish: Difference between revisions

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''~~an Ghaelainn~~'' ~~/ˈɡeːl̪ˠən̠ʲ/; in Ăn Yidiș ''ăn Eřiņiș'' or ''ă Ghełiņ''. Sometimes jokingly called ''ă Ghoyliģ'' "Goylic" by Ăn Yidiș speakers~~

''a γGoēlge''

Spoken in unified Ireland, ~~parts of Canada~~ and parts of ~~Central and South America~~ by 20 million people (Irta Canada's official languages are English and ~~Irish~~)

Spoken in unified Ireland, Britain, and parts of the Americas by 50 million people (Irta Canada's official languages are English, Irish and indigenous languages such as Inuit and Cree)

Essentially the same as our timeline's Munster and Connemara Irish; ~~lots of opportunities to re-etymologize~~

Essentially the same as our timeline's Munster and Connemara Irish but with fewer English loans; Northern Ireland speaks Connemara and Southern Ireland speaks Munster. In both Irta and Crackfic Tricin, Standard Irish is based on Connacht Irish. Written Irish rapidly became less conservative during the early modern period, and after the Second Remonition in the 17th century it was essentially our timeline's modern Connemara Irish.

~~Standard~~ Irish ~~should be "Munster~~ Irish ~~with a Connemara accent"~~ (~~whatever maximizes the difference from Ăn Yidiș~~)

Pre-reform orthography is the same as our timeline's pre-reform orthography. Irish undergoes a spelling reform in opposite directions in Irta and Tricin; Irta uses a phonetic orthography while the Trician spelling is more etymological than our Classical Irish orthography, reflecting lost Proto-Celtic consonants (øláṁ = hand, ıomṡaıġ = to turn, Aıḟıṡfe = Aoife, joıġer = ice)

~~Loans from Hebrew follow Ăn Yidiș consonantisms~~ (~~e.g. ''Gabaile'' for Kabbalah~~)

English, Irish, Riphean and Japanese are the main languages used in Irtan linguistics (in Crackfic Tricin, English and Netagin; in Canon Tricin, Eevo, Anbirese and Netagin)

~~Most commonly written in a very~~ different, ~~more Catalan/Ronanian/Polish-ish Roman~~ orthography ~~(influenced by~~ in~~-universe French orthography); a Devanagari orthography is also proposed which is a cipher of our timeline's post-reform Irish orthography~~

== Our transcription of Irish ==

Since Irta Irish has different dialects and orthographies depending on location, we'll generally use the following phonetic orthography to transcribe Irish according to how they are pronounced in the individual dialect.

''~~Dia dhuitse~~'' (said by some non-Catholics as a reply to ''Dia dhuit''); ''~~Haileo~~'' (non-theistic greeting)

(/ denotes a broad/slender pair.)

<poem>

Irta and CF Trician Irish both have 5 phonemic vowel qualities:

a/ia ā/iā

oe/e oē/ē

y/i ȳ/ī

o/io ō/iō

u/iu ū/iū

Diphthongs: īe /iə/ ūo /uə/ īa /ia/ aj/iaj əj/ej aw/iaw əw/ew

Schwa: a = broad ə, e = slender ə (written as y/i when pronounced as [ɪ])

consonants: b c ch d gh f g h j l ll m n nn ng p r rr s t v, z dz tz /z ts= tsh/ in loans (p t c are always aspirated; scéal -> sgēl/sgīal)

ı = soft sign

</poem>

Names that exist in our Irish (such as Aoife) will be spelled in our timeline's post-reform orthography; other names will use this transcription (such as Sīra from Hebrew Shira).

=== Hangul transcription ===

(Yale Romanization)

a/ya ey/yey ui/i o/yo wu/ywu

Diphthongs: ai/yai ei/yei au/yau ewu/yewu ie ue ia

Schwa: e/ye

The epenthetic vowel (used for transcribing consonant clusters) is spelled i after slender consonants and u after broad ones

* Éire = 에려 eyrye

* athair = 아허리 aheli

* Sadhbh = 서이브 seipu

* buíochas = 쁴허스 ppuihesu

final broad L = 울/얼

==Lexicon==

* some words borrowed via English in our timeline are different

* ''halive'' 'halva' (written ''ħailve'' in Cualand)

* ''Tibēres'', gen. ''hTibērisı'' (m) 'Tiberias', ''Owrysı hTibērisı'' 'Tiberian Hebrew' (CF Trician Irish uses ''Tibḗrı'', gen. ''Tibḗre'')

* 'I see' is ''fecimı'' in Irtan Irish (''chīmı'' in Cualand Irish)

* ''Dīe dytse'' (said by some non-Catholics as a reply to ''Dia dhuit''); ''Hyliō'' (non-theistic greeting)

* ''lastas'' 'cargo' and related words are loans from a Stem-Riphic language (klh2-st-).

* ''sráid'' is a loan via Majorcan ''s{{cll}}ràd{{cll}}'' (from Latin ''strāta'', via Arabic ''SirāT'').

=== from WP ===

Munster Irish differs from [[Ulster Irish|Ulster]] and [[Connacht Irish]] in a number of respects. Some words and phrases used in Munster Irish are not used in the other varieties, such as:

*{{lang|ga|in aon chor}} (Clear Island, Corca Dhuibhne, West Muskerry, Waterford) or {{lang|ga|ar aon chor}} (Clear Island, West Carbery, Waterford) "at any rate" (other dialects {{lang|ga|ar chor ar bith}} (Connacht) and {{lang|ga|ar scor ar bith}} (Ulster)

*{{lang|ga|fé, fí}} "under" (standard {{lang|ga|faoi}})

*{{lang|ga|Gaelainn}} "Irish language" (Cork and Kerry), {{lang|ga|Gaeilinn}} (Waterford) (standard {{lang|ga|Gaeilge}})

*{{lang|ga|ná}} "that...not; do not" (standard {{lang|ga|nach}})

*{{lang|ga|leis}} "also" (Connacht {{lang|ga|freisin}}, Ulster {{lang|ga|fosta}})

*{{lang|ga|anso}} or {{lang|ga|atso}} "here" and {{lang|ga|ansan}} or {{lang|ga|atsan}} "there" instead of standard {{lang|ga|anseo}} and {{lang|ga|ansin}}, respectively

* In both demonstrative pronouns and adjectives speakers of Munster Irish differentiate between {{lang|ga|seo}} "this" and {{lang|ga|sin}} "that" following a palatalised consonant or front vowel and {{lang|ga|so}} "this" and {{lang|ga|san}} "that" following a velarised consonant or back vowel in final position: {{lang|ga|an bóthar so}} "this road", {{lang|ga|an bhó san}} "that cow", {{lang|ga|an chairt sin}} "that cart", {{lang|ga|an claí seo}} "this fence"

* the use of {{lang|ga|thá}} instead of {{lang|ga|tá}} in the extreme west of Corca Dhuibhne and in Gaeltacht na nDéise.

* the preposition {{lang|ga|chuig}} "to, towards", common in [[Connacht Irish]] and [[Ulster Irish]] where it developed as a back formation from the 3rd person singular preposition ''chuige'' "towards him" is not used in Munster. The form ''chun'' (from Classical Irish ''do chum''), also found in the West and North, is used in preference.

* Munster Irish uses a fuller range of "looking" verbs, while these in Connacht and Ulster are restricted: {{lang|ga|féachaint}} "looking", "watching", {{lang|ga|breithniú}} "carefully observing", {{lang|ga|amharc}} "look, watch", ''glinniúint'' "gazing, staring", ''sealladh'' "looking" etc.

* the historic dative form {{lang|ga|tigh}} "house", as in Scots and Manx Gaelic, is now used as the nominative form (Standard {{lang|ga|teach}})

* Munster retains the historic form of the personal pronoun {{lang|ga|sinn}} "us" which has largely been replaced with {{lang|ga|muid}} (or {{lang|ga|muinn}} in parts of Ulster) in most situations in Connacht and Ulster.

* Corca Dhuibhne and [[Gaeltacht na nDéise]] use the independent form {{lang|ga|cím}} (earlier {{lang|ga|do-chím}}) "I see" as well as the dependent form ''ficim / feicim '' (earlier {{lang|ga|ad-chím}}), while [[Muskerry]] and Clear Island use the forms ''chím'' (independent) and ''ficim''.

* The adverbial forms {{lang|ga|chuige}}, {{lang|ga|a chuige}} in Corca Dhuibhne and {{lang|ga|a chuigint}} "at all" in [[Gaeltacht na nDéise]] are sometimes used in addition to {{lang|ga|in aon chor}} or {{lang|ga|ar aon chor}}

* The adjective {{lang|ga|cuibheasach}} {{IPA|/kiːsəx/}} is used adverbially in phrases such as {{lang|ga|cuibheasach beag}} "rather small", "fairly small", {{lang|ga|cuibheasach mór}} "quite large". (Some dialects ''sách'')

* Some dialects in Cualand informally use ''sách'' or ''sach'' for 'many', influenced by An Yidish סך (cf. Yiddish ''a sach'' 'a lot of')

* {{lang|ga|Faic}}, {{lang|ga|pioc}}, ''puinn'' and ''tada'' in West Munster, {{lang|ga|dada}} in [[Gaeltacht na nDéise]], {{lang|ga|ní dúrt pioc}} "I said nothing at all", {{lang|ga|níl faic dá bharr agam}} "I have gained nothing by it"

* The interjections {{lang|ga|ambaiste}}, {{lang|ga|ambaist}}, {{lang|ga|ambasa}}, {{lang|ga|ambaic}} "Indeed!", "My word!", "My God!" in West Munster and {{lang|ga|amaite}}, {{lang|ga|amaite fhéinig}} in [[Gaeltacht na nDéise]] (''ambaiste'' = ''dom bhaisteadh'' "by my baptism", ''am basa'' = ''dom basaibh'' "by my palms", ''ambaic'' = ''dom baic'' "by my heeding"; ''amaite'' = ''dom aite'' "my oddness")

* {{lang|ga|obann}} "sudden" instead of {{lang|ga|tobann}} in the other major dialects

* {{lang|ga|práta}} "potato", {{lang|ga|fata}} in Connacht and {{lang|ga|préata}} in Ulster

* {{lang|ga|oiriúnach}} "suitable", {{lang|ga|feiliúnach}} in Connacht and {{lang|ga|fóirsteanach}} in Ulster

* {{lang|ga|nóimint}}, {{lang|ga|nóimit}}, {{lang|ga|nóimeat}}, {{lang|ga|neomint}}, {{lang|ga|neomat}}, {{lang|ga|nóiméad}} in Connacht and {{lang|ga|bomaite}} in [[Donegal (town)|Donegal]]

* Munster differentiates between {{lang|ga|ach go háirithe}} "anyway", "anyhow" and {{lang|ga|go háirithe}} "particularly", "especially"

* {{lang|ga|gallúnach}} "soap", {{lang|ga|gallaoireach}} in Connacht and {{lang|ga|sópa}} in Ulster

* {{lang|ga|deifir}} is "difference" in Munster, and is a Latin loan: {{lang|ga|níl aon deifir eatarthu}} "there is no difference between them"; the Gaelic word ''deifir'' "hurry" is retained in the other dialects (c.f. [[Scottish Gaelic]] {{lang|gd|diofar}} "difference")

* {{lang|ga|deabhadh}} or {{lang|ga|deithneas}} "hurry" whereas the other major dialects use {{lang|ga|deifir}}

* {{lang|ga|-(e)amhail}} used instead of standard {{lang|ga|-(i)úil}} in [[Dunquin]] in words such as {{lang|ga|suimeamhail}}, {{lang|ga|cáirdeamhail}}, {{lang|ga|oifigeamhail}}, etc. instead of standard {{lang|ga|suimiúil}}, {{lang|ga|cáirdiúil}}, {{lang|ga|oifigiúil}}, etc.

== Names ==

Among Hebrew speakers, Irish names are rarely Hebraized (it's more common to choose a completely different Hebrew name), but here are some commonly Hebraized ones.

* Ríona = רינה

* Rónán = רונן

* Síofra = שפרה

* Ciarán = קרן 'horn, ray'

== Dialects ==

Irtan Irish dialects mainly differ in vocabulary and grammar

=== Canadian Irish ===

Canadian Irish has as many Ăn Yidiș loans (many from thieves' cant) as our German and Dutch has Yiddish loans.

broad v is /v/ more often

Some Cualand Irish slang expressions:

* ''vāhḗ'' [vɑːˈheː], a minced oath (< ''a vāhar jDē'' 'oh mother of God')

* ''nīlı hevıdylı lium erı'' 'I'm not feeling up to it' (An Yidish ''chnel hevdil lum er'' 'I don't care about it')

* ''ganōv'' (m) 'fraudster, crook' ''ganōvālı'' 'to bilk' (backformation from ''gănovim'' 'thieves')

* ''plīda'' (f) 'truancy, cutting school'; ''ar plīda'' 'barely (esp. from being caught or being punished)' (from פליטה 'escape')

* ''hutzpa/huspa'' (f) 'chutzpah', ''hutzpūlı'' (adj), ''cutzpadōrı/cuspadōrı'' 'cheeky person' (חוצפּהטאר)

* ''bachar'' (m) 'guy, chap' (from בחור)

* ''hōcham'' 'having street smarts' (חכם), ''hochma'' (f) 'street smarts' (חכמה)

* ''ag stīga'' 'secretly' (שתיקה)

* ''lawrı/cantı tachyles'' 'to speak frankly, straight talk, ''Tacheles reden''' (תּכלית)

* ''īnjenūlı'' '(euphemism) relevant to anything the speaker doesn't want to state directly' (from ''inyănil'' 'topical')

* ''sechell'', ''sychell'', ''sa-chī́ell'' (f) 'good sense, common sense, intelligence' (phonosemantic matching of Hebrew שכל ''sexel'', introduced by Aoife, derived from hypothetical PCel ''su-kʷēslā'')

=== Majorcan Irish ===

''Goēlge na Mìre''

French, Majorcan, and English vocab

broad/slender is realized as Arabic emphatic/nonemphatic in broad speech (pun intended); no distinction between fortis and lenis resonants (literally called "broad speech" in Irish)

Schwa is lower than in native Irish accents, often ʌ, ɑ, but word-finally after slender consonants, ɛ (final slender schwa = æ is just a very thick Arabic accent)

broad dh = Arabic Zā' != broad gh = Arabic ghayn in very broad Majorcan Irish

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-''an Ghaelainn'' /ˈɡeːl̪ˠən̠ʲ/; in Ăn Yidiș ''ăn Eřiņiș'' or ''ă Ghełiņ''. Sometimes jokingly called ''ă Ghoyliģ'' "Goylic" by Ăn Yidiș speakers
+''a γGoēlge''
-Spoken in unified Ireland, parts of Canada and parts of Central and South America by 20 million people (Irta Canada's official languages are English and Irish)
+Spoken in unified Ireland, Britain, and parts of the Americas by 50 million people (Irta Canada's official languages are English, Irish and indigenous languages such as Inuit and Cree)
-Essentially the same as our timeline's Munster and Connemara Irish; lots of opportunities to re-etymologize
+Essentially the same as our timeline's Munster and Connemara Irish but with fewer English loans; Northern Ireland speaks Connemara and Southern Ireland speaks Munster. In both Irta and Crackfic Tricin, Standard Irish is based on Connacht Irish. Written Irish rapidly became less conservative during the early modern period, and after the Second Remonition in the 17th century it was essentially our timeline's modern Connemara Irish.
-Standard Irish should be "Munster Irish with a Connemara accent" (whatever maximizes the difference from Ăn Yidiș)
+Pre-reform orthography is the same as our timeline's pre-reform orthography. Irish undergoes a spelling reform in opposite directions in Irta and Tricin; Irta uses a phonetic orthography while the Trician spelling is more etymological than our Classical Irish orthography, reflecting lost Proto-Celtic consonants (ølám&#775; = hand, ıoms&#775;aıg&#775; = to turn, Aıf&#775;ıs&#775;fe = Aoife, joıg&#775;er = ice)
-Loans from Hebrew follow Ăn Yidiș consonantisms (e.g. ''Gabaile'' for Kabbalah)
+English, Irish, Riphean and Japanese are the main languages used in Irtan linguistics (in Crackfic Tricin, English and Netagin; in Canon Tricin, Eevo, Anbirese and Netagin)
-Most commonly written in a very different, more Catalan/Ronanian/Polish-ish Roman orthography (influenced by in-universe French orthography); a Devanagari orthography is also proposed which is a cipher of our timeline's post-reform Irish orthography
+== Our transcription of Irish ==
+Since Irta Irish has different dialects and orthographies depending on location, we'll generally use the following phonetic orthography to transcribe Irish according to how they are pronounced in the individual dialect.
-''Dia dhuitse'' (said by some non-Catholics as a reply to ''Dia dhuit''); ''Haileo'' (non-theistic greeting)
+(/ denotes a broad/slender pair.)
+<poem>
+Irta and CF Trician Irish both have 5 phonemic vowel qualities:
+a/ia ā/iā
+oe/e oē/ē
+y/i ȳ/ī
+o/io ō/iō
+u/iu ū/iū
+Diphthongs: īe /iə/ ūo /uə/ īa /ia/ aj/iaj əj/ej aw/iaw əw/ew
+Schwa: a = broad ə, e = slender ə (written as y/i when pronounced as [ɪ])
+consonants: b c ch d gh f g h j l ll m n nn ng p r rr s t v, z dz tz /z ts= tsh/ in loans (p t c are always aspirated; scéal -> sgēl/sgīal)
+ı = soft sign
+</poem>
+Names that exist in our Irish (such as Aoife) will be spelled in our timeline's post-reform orthography; other names will use this transcription (such as Sīra from Hebrew Shira).
+=== Hangul transcription ===
+(Yale Romanization)
+a/ya ey/yey ui/i o/yo wu/ywu
+Diphthongs: ai/yai ei/yei au/yau ewu/yewu ie ue ia
+Schwa: e/ye
+The epenthetic vowel (used for transcribing consonant clusters) is spelled i after slender consonants and u after broad ones
+* Éire = 에려 eyrye
+* athair = 아허리 aheli
+* Sadhbh = 서이브 seipu
+* buíochas = 쁴허스 ppuihesu
+final broad L = 울/얼
+==Lexicon==
+* some words borrowed via English in our timeline are different
+* ''halive'' 'halva' (written ''ħailve'' in Cualand)
+* ''Tibēres'', gen. ''hTibērisı'' (m) 'Tiberias', ''Owrysı hTibērisı'' 'Tiberian Hebrew' (CF Trician Irish uses ''Tibḗrı'', gen. ''Tibḗre'')
+* 'I see' is ''fecimı'' in Irtan Irish (''chīmı'' in Cualand Irish)
+* ''Dīe dytse'' (said by some non-Catholics as a reply to ''Dia dhuit''); ''Hyliō'' (non-theistic greeting)
+* ''lastas'' 'cargo' and related words are loans from a Stem-Riphic language (klh2-st-).
+* ''sráid'' is a loan via Majorcan ''s{{cll}}ràd{{cll}}'' (from Latin ''strāta'', via Arabic ''SirāT'').
+=== from WP ===
+Munster Irish differs from [[Ulster Irish|Ulster]] and [[Connacht Irish]] in a number of respects. Some words and phrases used in Munster Irish are not used in the other varieties, such as:
+*{{lang|ga|in aon chor}} (Clear Island, Corca Dhuibhne, West Muskerry, Waterford) or {{lang|ga|ar aon chor}} (Clear Island, West Carbery, Waterford) "at any rate" (other dialects {{lang|ga|ar chor ar bith}} (Connacht) and {{lang|ga|ar scor ar bith}} (Ulster)
+*{{lang|ga|fé, fí}} "under" (standard {{lang|ga|faoi}})
+*{{lang|ga|Gaelainn}} "Irish language" (Cork and Kerry), {{lang|ga|Gaeilinn}} (Waterford) (standard {{lang|ga|Gaeilge}})
+*{{lang|ga|ná}} "that...not; do not" (standard {{lang|ga|nach}})
+*{{lang|ga|leis}} "also" (Connacht {{lang|ga|freisin}}, Ulster {{lang|ga|fosta}})
+*{{lang|ga|anso}} or {{lang|ga|atso}} "here" and {{lang|ga|ansan}} or {{lang|ga|atsan}} "there" instead of standard {{lang|ga|anseo}} and {{lang|ga|ansin}}, respectively
+* In both demonstrative pronouns and adjectives speakers of Munster Irish differentiate between {{lang|ga|seo}} "this" and {{lang|ga|sin}} "that" following a palatalised consonant or front vowel and {{lang|ga|so}} "this" and {{lang|ga|san}} "that" following a velarised consonant or back vowel in final position: {{lang|ga|an bóthar so}} "this road", {{lang|ga|an bhó san}} "that cow", {{lang|ga|an chairt sin}} "that cart", {{lang|ga|an claí seo}} "this fence"
+* the use of {{lang|ga|thá}} instead of {{lang|ga|tá}} in the extreme west of Corca Dhuibhne and in Gaeltacht na nDéise.
+* the preposition {{lang|ga|chuig}} "to, towards", common in [[Connacht Irish]] and [[Ulster Irish]] where it developed as a back formation from the 3rd person singular preposition ''chuige'' "towards him" is not used in Munster. The form ''chun'' (from Classical Irish ''do chum''), also found in the West and North, is used in preference.
+* Munster Irish uses a fuller range of "looking" verbs, while these in Connacht and Ulster are restricted: {{lang|ga|féachaint}} "looking", "watching", {{lang|ga|breithniú}} "carefully observing", {{lang|ga|amharc}} "look, watch", ''glinniúint'' "gazing, staring", ''sealladh'' "looking" etc.
+* the historic dative form {{lang|ga|tigh}} "house", as in Scots and Manx Gaelic, is now used as the nominative form (Standard {{lang|ga|teach}})
+* Munster retains the historic form of the personal pronoun {{lang|ga|sinn}} "us" which has largely been replaced with {{lang|ga|muid}} (or {{lang|ga|muinn}} in parts of Ulster) in most situations in Connacht and Ulster.
+* Corca Dhuibhne and [[Gaeltacht na nDéise]] use the independent form {{lang|ga|cím}} (earlier {{lang|ga|do-chím}}) "I see" as well as the dependent form ''ficim / feicim ''  (earlier {{lang|ga|ad-chím}}), while [[Muskerry]] and Clear Island use the forms ''chím'' (independent) and ''ficim''.
+* The adverbial forms {{lang|ga|chuige}}, {{lang|ga|a chuige}} in Corca Dhuibhne and {{lang|ga|a chuigint}} "at all" in [[Gaeltacht na nDéise]] are sometimes used in addition to {{lang|ga|in aon chor}} or {{lang|ga|ar aon chor}}
+* The adjective {{lang|ga|cuibheasach}} {{IPA|/kiːsəx/}} is used adverbially in phrases such as {{lang|ga|cuibheasach beag}} "rather small", "fairly small", {{lang|ga|cuibheasach mór}} "quite large". (Some dialects ''sách'')
+* Some dialects in Cualand informally use ''sách'' or ''sach'' for 'many', influenced by An Yidish סך (cf. Yiddish ''a sach'' 'a lot of')
+* {{lang|ga|Faic}}, {{lang|ga|pioc}}, ''puinn'' and ''tada'' in West Munster, {{lang|ga|dada}} in [[Gaeltacht na nDéise]], {{lang|ga|ní dúrt pioc}} "I said nothing at all", {{lang|ga|níl faic dá bharr agam}} "I have gained nothing by it"
+* The interjections {{lang|ga|ambaiste}}, {{lang|ga|ambaist}}, {{lang|ga|ambasa}}, {{lang|ga|ambaic}} "Indeed!", "My word!", "My God!" in West Munster and {{lang|ga|amaite}}, {{lang|ga|amaite fhéinig}} in [[Gaeltacht na nDéise]] (''ambaiste'' = ''dom bhaisteadh'' "by my baptism", ''am basa'' = ''dom basaibh'' "by my palms", ''ambaic'' = ''dom baic'' "by my heeding"; ''amaite'' = ''dom aite'' "my oddness")
+* {{lang|ga|obann}} "sudden" instead of {{lang|ga|tobann}} in the other major dialects
+* {{lang|ga|práta}} "potato", {{lang|ga|fata}} in Connacht and {{lang|ga|préata}} in Ulster
+* {{lang|ga|oiriúnach}} "suitable", {{lang|ga|feiliúnach}} in Connacht and {{lang|ga|fóirsteanach}} in Ulster
+* {{lang|ga|nóimint}}, {{lang|ga|nóimit}}, {{lang|ga|nóimeat}}, {{lang|ga|neomint}}, {{lang|ga|neomat}}, {{lang|ga|nóiméad}} in Connacht and {{lang|ga|bomaite}} in [[Donegal (town)|Donegal]]
+* Munster differentiates between {{lang|ga|ach go háirithe}} "anyway", "anyhow" and {{lang|ga|go háirithe}} "particularly", "especially"
+* {{lang|ga|gallúnach}} "soap", {{lang|ga|gallaoireach}} in Connacht and {{lang|ga|sópa}} in Ulster
+* {{lang|ga|deifir}} is "difference" in Munster, and is a Latin loan: {{lang|ga|níl aon deifir eatarthu}} "there is no difference between them"; the Gaelic word ''deifir'' "hurry" is retained in the other dialects (c.f. [[Scottish Gaelic]] {{lang|gd|diofar}} "difference")
+* {{lang|ga|deabhadh}} or {{lang|ga|deithneas}}  "hurry" whereas the other major dialects use {{lang|ga|deifir}}
+* {{lang|ga|-(e)amhail}} used instead of standard {{lang|ga|-(i)úil}} in [[Dunquin]] in words such as {{lang|ga|suimeamhail}}, {{lang|ga|cáirdeamhail}}, {{lang|ga|oifigeamhail}}, etc. instead of standard {{lang|ga|suimiúil}}, {{lang|ga|cáirdiúil}}, {{lang|ga|oifigiúil}}, etc.
+== Names ==
+Among Hebrew speakers, Irish names are rarely Hebraized (it's more common to choose a completely different Hebrew name), but here are some commonly Hebraized ones.
+* Ríona = רינה
+* Rónán = רונן
+* Síofra = שפרה
+* Ciarán = קרן 'horn, ray'
+<!-- Órla sounds funny to the 12 year old inside me, עוֹרלה = foreskin -->
+== Dialects ==
+Irtan Irish dialects mainly differ in vocabulary and grammar
+=== Canadian Irish ===
+Canadian Irish has as many Ăn Yidiș loans (many from thieves' cant) as our German and Dutch has Yiddish loans.
+broad v is /v/ more often
+Some Cualand Irish slang expressions:
+* ''vāhḗ'' [vɑːˈheː], a minced oath (< ''a vāhar jDē'' 'oh mother of God')
+* ''nīlı hevıdylı lium erı'' 'I'm not feeling up to it' (An Yidish ''chnel hevdil lum er'' 'I don't care about it')
+* ''ganōv'' (m) 'fraudster, crook'  ''ganōvālı'' 'to bilk' (backformation from ''gănovim'' 'thieves')
+* ''plīda'' (f) 'truancy, cutting school'; ''ar plīda'' 'barely (esp. from being caught or being punished)' (from פליטה 'escape')
+* ''hutzpa/huspa'' (f) 'chutzpah', ''hutzpūlı'' (adj), ''cutzpadōrı/cuspadōrı'' 'cheeky person' (חוצפּהטאר)
+* ''bachar'' (m) 'guy, chap' (from בחור)
+* ''hōcham'' 'having street smarts' (חכם), ''hochma'' (f) 'street smarts' (חכמה)
+* ''ag stīga'' 'secretly' (שתיקה)
+* ''lawrı/cantı tachyles'' 'to speak frankly, straight talk, ''Tacheles reden''' (תּכלית)
+* ''īnjenūlı'' '(euphemism) relevant to anything the speaker doesn't want to state directly' (from ''inyănil'' 'topical')
+* ''sechell'', ''sychell'', ''sa-chī́ell'' (f) 'good sense, common sense, intelligence' (phonosemantic matching of Hebrew שכל ''sexel'', introduced by Aoife, derived from hypothetical PCel ''su-kʷēslā'')
+=== Majorcan Irish ===
+''Goēlge na Mìre''
+French, Majorcan, and English vocab
+broad/slender is realized as Arabic emphatic/nonemphatic in broad speech (pun intended); no distinction between fortis and lenis resonants (literally called "broad speech" in Irish)
+Schwa is lower than in native Irish accents, often ʌ, ɑ, but word-finally after slender consonants, ɛ (final slender schwa = æ is just a very thick Arabic accent)
+broad dh = Arabic Zā' != broad gh = Arabic ghayn in very broad Majorcan Irish