User:Chrysophylax/Phonology: Difference between revisions
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==Evolution from Proto-Indo-European== | |||
Establishing the “upper boundary” of Proto-Hirathic is a very tricksy business. The “lower boundary” even more-so! And somewhere, I'll have to split up the purto-langwjey into an early (EPH) and a late (LPH) stage. | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
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(This needs through-thinking when less tired. Why would we let *H -> vowel after a vowel? Isn't it easier to just > ø and lengthen vowel to compensate?) | (This needs through-thinking when less tired. Why would we let *H -> vowel after a vowel? Isn't it easier to just > ø and lengthen vowel to compensate?) | ||
##A PIE laryngeal ''*H'' will be vocalised (1,2,3 → e,a,o) before a consonant except for the sequences | ##A PIE laryngeal ''*H'' will be vocalised (1,2,3 → e,a,o) before a consonant except for the sequences | ||
##:''énen'' ‘name’ < PIE ''*h₁nómn̥-'' | ##:''énen'' ‘name’ < PIE ''*h₁nómn̥-'' | ||
##:''biphos'' ‘alive’ < EPH ''*gʷigwós'' < PIE ''*gʷih₃wós'' | ##:''biphos'' ‘alive’ < EPH ''*gʷigwós'' < PIE ''*gʷih₃wós'' | ||
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#ASSUME GREEK TRIPLE REFLEX | #ASSUME GREEK TRIPLE REFLEX | ||
#Exceptions: ''-h₃w-'', ''-gH-'' → ''-gw-'', ''-gʰ-''. | |||
====Short vowels==== | ====Short vowels==== | ||
#The short vowel system inherited from Late Indo-European remained surprisingly stable with only a raising of IE ''*o'' to u and a diphthongisation of IE ''*e'' in some phonological contexts. | #The short vowel system inherited from Late Indo-European remained surprisingly stable with only a raising of IE ''*o'' to u and a diphthongisation of IE ''*e'' in some phonological contexts. | ||
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##:''áphros'' ‘storm cloud’ < EPH ''aphrós'' < PIE ''*n̥bʰrós'' | ##:''áphros'' ‘storm cloud’ < EPH ''aphrós'' < PIE ''*n̥bʰrós'' | ||
##:''káton'' ‘a hundred’ < EPH ''katóm'' < PIE ''*ḱm̥tóm'' | ##:''káton'' ‘a hundred’ < EPH ''katóm'' < PIE ''*ḱm̥tóm'' | ||
##Syllabic liquid sonorants have multiple reflexes. | |||
###''*ri'' appears before ''*s'' ''*ʃ'' ''*tʲ'' | |||
###''*ir'' appears before all other consonants. | |||
###''*al'' appears before other sonorants. | |||
###''*la'' before all other stops. | |||
##Asyllabic sonorants remain largely unchanged | |||
###''*y'' → EPH ''*j'', EPH ''*Cʲ'' in C_V, and ''*i̯-'' → ''*dj-'' | |||
###:''drū́j'' ‘to the tree’ < EPH ''dreuej'' < ''*dr-éw-ey'' dat. sg. of ''*dóru'' | |||
###:''thōránā'' ‘season’ < EPH ''djōranā́'' < IE ''yōr-mṇ-ā̬́'' | |||