Linguifex

Gathrírn: Difference between revisions

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|name = Gathrírn
|name = Gathrírn
|nativename = Gathrírn
|nativename = Gathrírn
|pronunciation = [gaˈθɾin]
|pronunciation = gaˈθɾin
|region =
|created = 2013
|states =
|nation =
|speakers = -
|date = 2013
|familycolor = Constructed language
|familycolor = Constructed language
|fam1 =
|script1        = Latn
|fam2 =  
|creator       = User:Ashucky
|ancestor =
|iso1 =
|iso2 =
|iso3 =
|script       = [[w:Latin script|Latin]]
|agency        =
}}
}}


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{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="width: 68px; "|
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="width: 68px; "|
! colspan="4" |Bilabial
! colspan="4" |Labial
! rowspan="2" style="width: 50px; " |Dental
! rowspan="2" style="width: 50px; " |Dental
! colspan="4" |Alveolar
! colspan="4" |Alveolar
Line 158: Line 148:
| f
| f
| fʲ
| fʲ
| fʷ
| ɸ
| f:
| f:
| θ
| θ
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|  
|  
| x
| x
| xʲ
|  
| colspan="2" |  
| colspan="2" |  
| h
| h
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! rowspan="2" |Approximant !! <small>Voiced</small>
! rowspan="2" |Approximant !! <small>Voiced</small>
| ʋ
| ʋ
| colspan="3" |  
| ʋʲ
| colspan="2" |  
|  
|  
| colspan="4" |  
| colspan="4" |  
Line 438: Line 429:
! st
! st
| sht [xt] || stj [ɕc] || / || / || / || /
| sht [xt] || stj [ɕc] || / || / || / || /
|-
! vowel
| c' || - || w' || - || l' || c'
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 594: Line 588:


====Vowel mutations====
====Vowel mutations====
Vowel mutations apply when declining nouns.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 480px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="6" | Vowel mutations
|-
! rowspan="2" style="width: 80px" | Unmutated !! colspan="2" | E-PLURAL || rowspan="2"  style="width: 80px" | Unmutated !! colspan="2" | O-PLURAL
|-
! style="width: 80px" | Primary !! style="width: 80px" | Secondary !! style="width: 80px" | Primary !! style="width: 80px" | Secondary
|-
! colspan="6" | NON-FINAL
|-
! a
| e || ea
! a
| au || ae
|-
! e
| i || ie
! e
| au || ae
|-
! i
| ei || ea
! i
| ie || ea
|-
! o
| oi || oe
! o
| o || oe
|-
! u
| y || ye
! u
| oa || ue
|-
! y
| y || ye
! y
| u || ue
|-
! colspan="6" | ONE FINAL CONSONANT or VOWEL
|-
! a
| ai || ai
! a
| ae || au
|-
! e
| ea || ae
! e
| ea || ei
|-
! i
| ei || ei
! i
| ea || ei
|-
! o
| oe || oe
! o
| oe || oi
|-
! u
| ou || oi
! u
| oa || ou
|-
! y
| ye || oe
! y
| ue || ui
|-
! ai
| au || oa
! ai
| ae || au
|-
! ei
| oi || oe
! ei
| ou || ui
|-
! oa
| o || oe
! oa
| au || au
|-
! colspan="6" | NASAL + PLOSIVE or FRICATIVE
|-
! a
| ae || ai
! a
| ae || ai
|-
! e
| ea || ei
! e
| ea || ei
|-
! i
| ei || ei
! i
| ie || ai
|-
! o
| oe || oe
! o
| oe || oi
|-
! u
| ye || oe
! u
| oa || oi
|-
! y
| ye || oe
! y
| ye || ui
|-
! colspan="6" | LIQUID + PLOSIVE or FRICATIVE
|-
! a
| ae || ei
! a
| ae || ei
|-
! e
| ea || ei
! e
| ie || ei
|-
! i
| ea || ei
! i
| ie || ei
|-
! o
| oe || oi
! o
| ie || ei
|-
! u
| ye || oi
! u
| ue || ui
|-
! y
| ye || oi
! y
| ue || ui
|-
|}
=== Nouns ===
Nouns in Gathrírn have three numbers (singular, dual, plural) and five cases (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, locative). There are four declensions.
The basic paradigm of suffixes is regular:
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 450px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 90px" | Case !! style="width: 90px" | Singular !! style="width: 90px" | Dual !! style="width: 90px" |Plural
|-
! Nominative
| -Ø || -is || -(V<sub>mut.</sub>)-Ø
|-
! Genitive
| -ur || -urh || -(V<sub>mut.</sub>)-ur
|-
! Dative
| -en || -enh || -(V<sub>mut.</sub>)-en
|-
! Accusative
| -er || -erh || -(V<sub>mut.</sub>)-er
|-
! Locative
| -on || -olh || -(V<sub>mut.</sub>)-on
|}
==== First declension ====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 500px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="5" | First declension: vowel-final
|-
! colspan="5" | SINGULAR
|-
! style="width: 100px" | Nominative !! style="width: 100px" | Genitive !! style="width: 100px" | Dative !! style="width: 100px" |Accusative !! style="width: 100px" | Locative
|-
! -a
| -aur || -aen || -aer || -ael
|-
! -e
| -eir || -ean || -ear || -eil
|-
! -i
| -uir || -ien || -air || -iel
|-
! -o
| -oir || -oen || -oar || -oel
|-
! -u
| -uer || -uin || -uir || -uil
|-
! -y
| -yer || -yen || -yer || -yel
|-
! colspan="5" | DUAL
|-
! -ais
| -warh || -aenh || -aerh || -aelh
|-
! -eis
| -jerh || -eanh || -earh || -jelh
|-
! -ies
| -wirh || -ienh || -jarh || -ielh
|-
! -ois
| -jorh || -oenh || -oarh || -oelh
|-
! -uis
| -uerh || -winh || -wirh || -wilh
|-
! -yes
| -yerh || -yenh || -yerh || -yelh
|-
! colspan="5" | PLURAL
|-
! -ai
| -air || -ain || -air || -ail
|-
! -ie
| -ier || -ien || -ier || -iel
|-
! -ei
| -eir || -ein || -eir || -eil
|-
! -oe
| -oer || -oen || -oer || -oel
|-
! -ou
| -our || -oun || -our || -oul
|-
! -ye
| -yer || -yen || -yer || -yel
|-
|}
==== Second declension ====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 500px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="5" | First declension: one final consonant
|-
! colspan="5" | SINGULAR
|-
! style="width: 100px" | Nominative !! style="width: 100px" | Genitive !! style="width: 100px" | Dative !! style="width: 100px" |Accusative !! style="width: 100px" | Locative
|-
! -aC
| -aCur || -aCen || -aCer || -aCon
|-
! -eC
| -eCur || -eCen || -eCer || -eCon
|-
! -iC
| -iCur || -iCen || -iCer || -iCon
|-
! -oC
| -oCur || -oCen || -oCer || -oCon
|-
! -uC
| -uCur || -uCen || -uCer || -uCon
|-
! -yC
| -yCyr || -yCin || -yCyr || -yCin
|-
! -aiC
| -aiCur || -aiCen || -aiCer || -aiCon
|-
! -eiC
| -eiCur || -eiCen || -eiCer || -eiCon
|-
! -oaC
| -oaCoer || -oaCean || -oaCear || -oaCoen
|-
! colspan="5" | DUAL
|-
! -aCis
| -aCurh || -aCenh || -aCerh || -aColh
|-
! -eCis
| -eCurh || -eCenh || -eCerh || -eColh
|-
! -iCis
| -iCurh || -iCenh || -iCerh || -iColh
|-
! -oCis
| -oCurh || -oCenh || -oCerh || -oColh
|-
! -uCis
| -uCurh || -uCenh || -uCerh || -uColh
|-
! -yCis
| -yCyrh || -yCinh || -yCyrh || -yCilh
|-
! -aiCis
| -aiCurh || -aiCenh || -aiCerh || -aiColh
|-
! -eiCis
| -eiCurh || -eiCenh || -eiCerh || -eiColh
|-
! -oaCis
| -oaCoerh || -oaCeanh || -oaCearh || -oaCoelh
|-
! colspan="5" | E-PLURAL (C = voiceless/n/m)
|-
! -aiC
| -aiCur || -aiCen || -aiCer || -aiCon
|-
! -eaC
| -aeCyr || -aeCen || -aeCer || -aeCoen
|-
! -eiC
| -eiCur || -eiCen || -eiCer || -eiCon
|-
! -oeC
| -oeCyr || -oeCen || -oeCer || -oeCoen
|-
! -ouC
| -oiCur || -oiCen || -oiCer || -oiCon
|-
! -yeC
| -oeyCyr || -oeCin || -oeCyr || -oeCin
|-
! -auC
| -oaCoer || -oaCean || -oaCear || -oaCoen
|-
! -oiC
| -oeCaer || -oeCean || -oeCear || -oeCaen
|-
! -oC
| -oeCoer || -oeCean || -oeCear || -oeCoen
|-
! colspan="5" | O-PLURAL
|-
! -aeC
| -auCur || -auCen || -auCer || -auCon
|-
! -eaC
| -eiCur || -eiCen || -eiCer || -eiCon
|-
! -eaC
| -eiCur || -eiCen || -eiCer || -eiCon
|-
! -oeC
| -oiCur || -oiCen || -oiCer || -oiCon
|-
! -oaC
| -ouCur || -ouCen || -ouCer || -ouCon
|-
! -yeC
| -uiCur || -uiCen || -uiCer || -uiCon
|-
! -aeC
| -auCur || -auCen || -auCer || -auCon
|-
! -ouC
| -uiCur || -uiCen || -uiCer || -uiCon
|-
! -uC
| -auCur || -auCen || -auCer || -auCon
|-
|}
==== Third declension ====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 500px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="5" | First declension: nasal + plosive/fricative
|-
! colspan="5" | SINGULAR
|-
! style="width: 100px" | Nominative !! style="width: 100px" | Genitive !! style="width: 100px" | Dative !! style="width: 100px" |Accusative !! style="width: 100px" | Locative
|-
! -aN
| -aNur || -aNen || -aNer || -aNon
|-
! -eN
| -eNur || -eNen || -eNer || -eNon
|-
! -iN
| -iNur || -iNen || -iNer || -iNon
|-
! -oN
| -oNur || -oNen || -oNer || -oNon
|-
! -uN
| -uNur || -uNen || -uNer || -uNon
|-
! -yN
| -yNyr || -yNin || -yNyr || -yNin
|-
! colspan="5" | DUAL
|-
! -aNath
| -aNurh || -aNenh || -aNerh || -aNolh
|-
! -eNath
| -eNurh || -eNenh || -eNerh || -eNolh
|-
! -iNath
| -iNurh || -iNenh || -iNerh || -iNolh
|-
! -oNath
| -oNurh || -oNenh || -oNerh || -oNolh
|-
! -uNath
| -uNurh || -uNenh || -uNerh || -uNolh
|-
! -yNath
| -yNyrh || -yNinh || -yNyrh || -yNilh
|-
! colspan="5" | E-PLURAL
|-
! -aeN
| -aiNur || -aiNen || -aiNer || -aiNon
|-
! -eaN
| -eiNur || -eiNen || -eiNer || -eiNon
|-
! -eiN
| -eiNur || -eiNen || -eiNer || -eiNon
|-
! -oeN
| -oeNyr || -oeNean || -oeNear || -oeNyn
|-
! -yeN
| -oeNyr || -oeNean || -oeNear || -oeNyn
|-
! -yeN
| -oeNyr || -oeNean || -oeNear || -oeNyn
|-
! colspan="5" | O-PLURAL
|-
! -aeN
| -aiNur || -aiNen || -aiNer || -aiNon
|-
! -eaN
| -eiNur || -eiNen || -eiNer || -eiNon
|-
! -ieN
| -aiNur || -aiNen || -aiNer || -aiNon
|-
! -oeN
| -oiNur || -oiNen || -oiNar || -oiNon
|-
! -oaN
| -oiNur || -oiNen || -oiNar || -oiNon
|-
! -yeN
| -uiNur || -uiNen || -uiNar || -uiNon
|-
|}
==== Fourth declension ====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 500px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="5" | First declension: liquid + plosive/fricative
|-
! colspan="5" | SINGULAR
|-
! style="width: 100px" | Nominative !! style="width: 100px" | Genitive !! style="width: 100px" | Dative !! style="width: 100px" |Accusative !! style="width: 100px" | Locative
|-
! -aL
| -aLur || -aLen || -aLer || -aLon
|-
! -eL
| -eLur || -eLen || -eLer || -eLon
|-
! -iL
| -iLur || -iLen || -iLer || -iLon
|-
! -oL
| -oLur || -oLen || -oLer || -oLon
|-
! -uL
| -uLur || -uLen || -uLer || -uLon
|-
! -yL
| -yLyr || -yLin || -yLyr || -yLin
|-
! colspan="5" | DUAL
|-
! -aLath
| -aLurh || -aLenh || -aLerh || -aLolh
|-
! -eLath
| -eLurh || -eLenh || -eLerh || -eLolh
|-
! -iLath
| -iLurh || -iLenh || -iLerh || -iLolh
|-
! -oLath
| -oLurh || -oLenh || -oLerh || -oLolh
|-
! -uLath
| -uLurh || -uLenh || -uLerh || -uLolh
|-
! -yLath
| -yLyrh || -yLinh || -yLyrh || -yLilh
|-
! colspan="5" | E-PLURAL
|-
! -aeL
| -eiLur || -eiLen || -eiLer || -eiLon
|-
! -eaL
| -eiLur || -eiLen || -eiLer || -eiLon
|-
! -eaL
| -eiLur || -eiLen || -eiLer || -eiLon
|-
! -oeL
| -oiLur || -oiLen || -oiLer || -oiLon
|-
! -yeL
| -oiLur || -oiLen || -oiLer || -oiLon
|-
! -yeL
| -oiLur || -oiLen || -oiLer || -oiLon
|-
! colspan="5" | O-PLURAL
|-
! -aeL
| -eiLur || -eiLen || -eiLer || -eiLon
|-
! -ieL
| -eiLur || -eiLen || -eiLer || -eiLon
|-
! -ieL
| -eiLur || -eiLen || -eiLer || -eiLon
|-
! -ieL
| -eiLur || -eiLen || -eiLer || -eiLon
|-
! -ueL
| -uiLur || -uiLen || -uiLer || -uiLon
|-
! -ueL
| -uiLur || -uiLen || -uiLer || -uiLon
|-
|}
=== Adjectives ===
Adjectives typically end in one of the four adjectival endings: '''-eg''', '''-it''', '''-in''' (passive participle), or '''-aic''' active participles). The first three types also form comparative and superlative forms but the last types cannot. As expected, adjectives decline and have to agree with the noun in number and case.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 500px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="6" | Adjectival declension
|-
! colspan="6" | -EG adjectives
|-
! !! style="width: 100px" | Nominative !! style="width: 100px" | Genitive !! style="width: 100px" | Dative !! style="width: 100px" |Accusative !! style="width: 100px" | Locative
|-
! Singular
| -eg || -egri || -engi || -egri || -engi
|-
! Dual
| -eggis || -egris || -engis || -egris || -engis
|-
! Plural
| -eag || -eigri || -jengi || -eigri || -jengi
|-
! colspan="6" | -IT adjectives
|-
! Singular
| -it || -itri || -inti || -idri || -ilti
|-
! Dual
| -ittis || -itris || -intis || -idris || -iltis
|-
! Plural
| -eit || -eitri || -jenti || -eidri || -jelti
|-
! colspan="6" | -IN adjectives
|-
! Singular
| -in || -inri || -inti || -indi || -inli
|-
! Dual
| -inis || -inris || -intis || -indis || -inlis
|-
! Plural
| -ein || -jenri || -jenti || -jendi || -jenli
|-
! colspan="6" | -AIC adjectives
|-
! Singular
| -aic || -aicri || -aicwi || -aicri || -aicwi
|-
! Dual
| -aicis || -aicris || -aicwis || -aicris || -aicwis
|-
! Plural
| -auc || -oaci || -oacwi || -oacri || -oacwi
|-
|}
==== Comparative and superlative ====
The comparative and superlative degrees are as follows:
* '''-eg:'''
** -eim
** -ied
* '''-it:'''
** -yst
** -yft
* '''-in:'''
** -yrn
** -ynd
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 500px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="6" | Comparative and superlative
|-
! colspan="6" | -EG comparative
|-
! !! style="width: 100px" | Nominative !! style="width: 100px" | Genitive !! style="width: 100px" | Dative !! style="width: 100px" |Accusative !! style="width: 100px" | Locative
|-
! Singular
| -eim || -eimri || -eimni || -eimri || -eimli
|-
! Dual
| -eimis || -eimris || -eimnis || -eimris || -eimlis
|-
! Plural
| -oim || -oemri || -oemni || -oemri || -oemli
|-
! colspan="6" | -EG superlative
|-
! Singular
| -eid || -eidre || -jende || -eidre || -jeldi
|-
! Dual
| -eidis || -eidres || -jendes || -eidres || -jeldes
|-
! Plural
| -oid || -oedre || -oende || -oedre || -oelde
|-
|}
Additionally, the '''elative degree''' is formed by adding the prefix '''nae-''' in front of the adjective in its basic form.
=== Pronouns ===
=== Verbs ===
Verbs are inflected for three persons and three numbers in five moods and several tenses.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 790px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="11" | Verbal conjugation: affirmative
|-
! style="width: 80px" | !! style="width: 80px" | !! style="width: 70px" | 1sg !! style="width: 70px" | 2sg !! style="width: 70px" | 3sg !! style="width: 70px" | 1du !! style="width: 70px" | 2du !! style="width: 70px" | 3du !! style="width: 70px" | 1pl !! style="width: 70px" | 2pl !! style="width: 70px" | 3pl
|-
! rowspan="4" | Indicative !! Present
| -e || er || -i || -eth || -en || -ejh || -ed(e) || -end(e) || -est
|-
! Preterite
| -is || -irh || -a || -if || -im || -ic || -ift || -inz(i) || -adh(i)
|-
! Imperfect
| -ini || -iri || -ina || -ínf || -imi || -ighi || -int || -inja || -inda
|-
! Future
| -u || -om || -o || -us || -úms || -ur || -ud(a) || -ond(a) || -os
|-
! colspan="2" | Conditional
| -foi || -foen || -fai || -faes || -forh || -feajh || -foit || -fwin || -fodh(i)
|-
! colspan="2" | Imperative
| - || -o || - || colspan="2" | -on || - || colspan="2" | -or || -
|-
! rowspan="4" | Impersonal<br>indicative !! Present
| colspan="3" | -ei || colspan="3" | -eis || colspan="3" | -endi
|-
! Preterite
| colspan="3" | -ia || colspan="3" | -ian || colspan="3" | -ialh
|-
! Imperfect
| colspan="3" | -írni || colspan="3" | -inge || colspan="3" | -idhe
|-
! Future
| colspan="3" | -ust || colspan="3" | -uma || colspan="3" | -uvi
|-
! colspan="2" | Impersonal conditional
| colspan="3" | -fau || colspan="3" | -fois || colspan="3" | -feth
|-
|}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 790px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="11" | Verbal conjugation: negative
|-
! style="width: 80px" | !! style="width: 80px" | !! style="width: 70px" | 1sg !! style="width: 70px" | 2sg !! style="width: 70px" | 3sg !! style="width: 70px" | 1du !! style="width: 70px" | 2du !! style="width: 70px" | 3du !! style="width: 70px" | 1pl !! style="width: 70px" | 2pl !! style="width: 70px" | 3pl
|-
! rowspan="5" | Indicative !! Negation
| '''wei''' || '''war''' || '''wai''' || '''wath''' || '''wan''' || '''was''' || '''wat''' || '''want''' || '''wast'''
|-
! Present
| colspan="9" | -e
|-
! Preterite
| colspan="9" | -i
|-
! Imperfect
| colspan="9" | -in
|-
! Future
| colspan="9" | -u
|-
! colspan="2" | Conditional
| colspan="9" | -foa
|-
! rowspan="2" | Imperative !! Negation
| rowspan="2" | - || '''ale''' || rowspan="2" | - || colspan="2" | '''alan''' || rowspan="2" | -  || colspan="2" | '''alat''' || rowspan="2" | -
|-
!
| -o || colspan="2" | -o || colspan="2" | -o
|-
! rowspan="5" | Impersonal<br>indicative !! Negation
| colspan="3" | '''wen''' || colspan="3" | '''wes''' || colspan="3" | '''went'''
|-
! Present
| colspan="9" | -ea
|-
! Preterite
| colspan="9" | -ae
|-
! Imperfect
| colspan="9" | -oe
|-
! Future
| colspan="9" | -ue
|-
! colspan="2" | Impersonal conditional
| colspan="9" | -fye
|-
|}


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
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[[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:A priori]]
[[Category:Languages]][[Category:A priori]]
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