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| '''Ouřefr''' /ˈəʊr̝ɛfə/ (''Ouřefrnie cijtnr'' /əʊr̝ɛfəɲeː tsijʔtnɐ/) is an [[Idavic]] language belonging to the Nabŋaic branch. It is inspired by Czech, Dutch, Cantonese, Maltese and Japanese (but mainly by the first two). It is the second most widely spoken Nabŋaic language after [[Nabbrzé]], which is the Mandarin/Russian counterpart.
| | #redirect [[Xeno-Cantonese]] |
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| Unlike Nabbrzé, Ouřefr has more loans from the clasiscal language [[Netagin]], a fellow Idavic language.
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| ==todo==
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| ===Diachronics===
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| #OSL
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| #Czech-like depalatalization and hard/soft vowel splits
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| #Palatalization-dependent GVS, then another depalatalization?
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| #Old Ouřefr ć dź ś ź merge into c dz s z
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| #n- > l- (unless assimilating)
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| #-ui- -œː = a common nominal affix
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| ==Test==
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| ''Woeŋanies uistřibt melouk lo vahrádyvijŋ, ar mezryz woþmyce bacirňr řeunie aš ŋávej těmzánisie. Evloedr wie doezanejne hář, po ryhoteuŋ.''
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| ==Phonology==
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| "Czech with more vowels and simpler phonotactics" or "Play up the Dutch in Czech"
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| ===Consonants===
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| '''p b t d ť ď c dz k g f þ s ch w v z gh m n ň ŋ l r ř j''' /p b t d c ɟ ts dz k g f θ s̠ x w v z̠ ɣ h m n ɲ ŋ l~ɫ r r̝ j/
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| '''m n ŋ''' can be syllabic.
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| Voiceless stops are unaspirated as in Dutch and Czech.
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| Obstruent voicing assimilation as in Slavic.
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| Glottal reinforcement, but no gemination
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| /l/ has the same l~ɫ allophony as in RP; vocalization of dark L possible
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| Realizing /c ɟ ɳ/ as [tʲ dʲ nʲ] is a feature of sung Ouřefr.
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| ====Notes on consonant diachronics====
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| Like Nabbrzé, Ouřefr shows debuccalization of Proto-Nabŋaic *g to '''gh''' /ɣ/ similar to Dutch and Czech.
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| Proto-Nabŋaic *ɬ has shifted to '''þ''' /θ~ð/.
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| Proto-Nabŋaic *b has shifted to '''v''' while it stayed as /b/ in Nabbrzé. /p b/ are loan phonemes.
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| Proto-Nabŋic *ť ď has shifted to '''c dz'''.
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| ===Vowels===
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| Ouřefr vowel orthography is more conservative, and reflects a shift similar to the Great Vowel Shift (cf. Common Czech and Dutch).
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| '''a e/ě i/y o u á é í/ý ó ú eu/ui ie oe ou r''' /ɐ ɛ ɪ ɔ ɵ aː ɛː ɛɪ~ɪj ɔː ʉː œː ɪː oː~uː əʊ~əʏ ɜː/
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| Closer allophones [ɪj~eɪ] of /ɛɪ/ are more common after palatals /c ɟ ɲ r̝/.
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| *'''ě i ie í eu''' are palatalizing; all other orthographic vowels are nonpalatalizing.
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| **For C = '''b p v f''', '''Cě Ceu Cí''' denote /Cjɛ Cjœː Cjɛɪ/; '''mě meu mij''' denotes /mɲɛ mɲœː mɲɛɪ/.
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| **For C = '''d t n''', '''Cě Ci Cie Cí Ceu''' denote /ɟ c ɲ/ + vowel.
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| *'''ó''' mostly occurs in loanwords from [[Netagin]].
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| ====Notes on vowel diachronics====
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| Ouřefr has lost Proto-Nabŋaic vowel length. Pre-Proto-Nabŋaic i u e a ī ū ē ā has become e o e a i y ě o when not lengthened; Unlike in Nabbrzé, some vowel devoicing has occurred (cf. Japanese), which gave Ouřefr more consonant clusters.
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| Long vowels result from open-syllable lengthening (OSL): **čettijn > *četijn; **četijn > *čétijn. OSL occurred before the devoicing, making the Ourefr distribution of long vowels somewhat similar to Czech.
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| Modern '''ie ý/í oe ú''' result from older 'ää ý/í ó ú. Old Ouřefr u, ú has shifted to i, ij after soft consonants ''j č ž š ň *ľ ř''.
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| Palatalizing '''eu''' /œː/ is common in native words. Common sources are:
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| *Old Ouřefr /æː/ before velars or /l/: for example, ''řeuŋ'' /r̝œːŋ/ 'wind' comes from Old Ouřefr ''řa̋ŋ'' < PNab ''*rěŋu'' < PId ''*rēŋu''.
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| *Old Ouřefr long /juː/, coming from PId /ew/ or /iw/.
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| Non-palatalizing '''ui''' /œː/ comes mostly from historical ''*ujV'' or loanwords.
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| Most speakers today are in the process of merging /ɜː/ into '''á''' /aː/.
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| As suggested by the spelling, '''r''' /ɜː/ comes from syllabic ''r''; they are cognate to Nabbrzé ''-arz/-árz''.
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| ===Pitch accent===
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| Long vowels take two morae; downstep as in Japanese
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| *''bác'' (''baàc'') /baꜜ.ats/ 'basil'
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| *''bác'' (''bàac'') /ba.atsꜜ/ 'feather'
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| *''bác'' (''baac'') /ba.ats/ 'stump'
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| Accent is not distinguished in the native orthography except in dictionaries; hence all three words above will be transliterated ''bác'', unless disambiguation is needed.
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| ===Historically hard-soft vowel pairs===
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| *hard y ~ soft i
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| *hard u ~ soft i
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| *hard a ~ soft ě
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| *hard ý ~ soft í
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| *hard á ~ soft ie/eu
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| *hard ou ~ soft eu
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| *hard ui ~ soft eu
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| *hard oe ~ soft ie
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| *hard ú ~ soft í
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| Long vowels result from OSL ćettijn > cetijn; ćetijn > cétijn
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| ==Morphology==
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| Inflectional morphology is Slavic and Germanic-inspired; clitics and syntax are Japanese-inspired
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| ===Nouns===
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| ===Verbs and adjectives===
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| ===Clitics===
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| ===Numerals===
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| ===Derivational morphology===
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