Linguifex

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== Sumerian conlang ==
== Periodic table ==
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:100%; max-width:1800px; margin:0 auto; padding:2px; vertical-align:top; {{{style|}}};"
! colspan="19" | Periodic table
|- style="line-height:125%; vertical-align:top;"
! style="text-align:left; background:white" | <small>[[Group (periodic table)|Group]]</small>
! style="background:#e8e8e8;" | [[Alkali metal|1]]
! style="background:#f0f0f0;" | [[Alkaline earth metal|2]]
! style="background:#e8e8e8;" | [[Group 3 element|3]]
! style="background:#f0f0f0;" | [[Group 4 element|4]]
! style="background:#e8e8e8;" | [[Group 5 element|5]]
! style="background:#f0f0f0;" | [[Group 6 element|6]]
! style="background:#e8e8e8;" | [[Group 7 element|7]]
! style="background:#f0f0f0;" | [[Group 8 element|8]]
! style="background:#e8e8e8;" | [[Group 9 element|9]]
! style="background:#f0f0f0;" | [[Group 10 element|10]]
! style="background:#e8e8e8;" | [[Group 11 element|11]]
! style="background:#f0f0f0;" | [[Group 12 element|12]]
! style="background:#e8e8e8;" | [[Boron group|13]]
! style="background:#f0f0f0;" | [[Carbon group|14]]
! style="background:#e8e8e8;" | [[Pnictogen|15]]
! style="background:#f0f0f0;" | [[Chalcogen|16]]
! style="background:#e8e8e8;" | [[Halogen|17]]
! style="background:#f0f0f0;" | [[Noble gas|18]]
|- style="font-size:85%; text-align:left; line-height:125%; vertical-align:top;"
|
| style="background:#e8e8e8;" | Alkali metals
| style="background:#f0f0f0;" | Alkaline earth metals
| style="background:#e8e8e8;" |
| style="background:#f0f0f0;" |
| style="background:#e8e8e8;" |
| style="background:#f0f0f0;" |
| style="background:#e8e8e8;" |
| style="background:#f0f0f0;" |
| style="background:#e8e8e8;" |
| style="background:#f0f0f0;" |
| style="background:#e8e8e8;" |
| style="background:#f0f0f0;" |
| style="background:#e8e8e8;" |
| style="background:#f0f0f0;" |
| style="background:#e8e8e8;" | Pnictogens
| style="background:#f0f0f0;" | Chalcogens
| style="background:#e8e8e8;" | Halogens
| style="background:#f0f0f0;" | Noble gases
|-
|}
 
== Ememir (Sumerian conlang)==
=== Phonology ===
=== Phonology ===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"
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|}
|}


=== Grammar ====
=== Grammar ===
==== Nouns ====
=====Characteristics =====
NOMINAL CHAIN:<br>
1) [NOUN] + [ADJECTIVE + POSSESSIVE/DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN + PLURAL (e/i)n(e)] + [CASE]
 
2) [PRONOUN] + [CASE]
 
 
'''Plurals:'''
* ''-(e)n(e)'' for human and ''-(i)n(e)'' for non-human
* reduplication (stands for "all the X", mostly non-human) > full or partial
 
===== Cases =====
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 800px;"
! colspan="4" | '''Substantives'''
|-
! rowspan="2" style="width: 80px;" | Case !! colspan="2" | Suffixes !! rowspan="2" | Notes
|-
! style="width: 60px;" | Human !! style="width: 60px;" | Non-h.
|-
! Genitive
| colspan="2" | -ak/-a/-k
|-
! Ergative
| colspan="2" | -e || ''subject of transitive verbs (agent)''
|-
! Absolutive
| colspan="2" | -Ø || ''subject of intransitive verbs (argument); object of transitive verbs (patient)''
|-
! Dative
| -ra/-r || -/? || ''indirect object; complementary with locative (or directive?) for non-human''
|-
! Directive
| -/? ||  -e > -ye || ''motion arriving at, position next to; indirect obejct (non-human)''
|-
! Locative
| -/? || -a > -ya || ''motion into, position inside; rarely used for human''
|-
! Locative 2
| -/? || -ne
|-
! Terminative
| colspan="2" | -še || ''motion towards''
|-
! Adverbiative
| colspan="2" | -eš || ''in the manner of < "how?"''
|-
! Ablative
| colspan="2" | -ta || ''place/time from where (non-human); instrument; from the place of X (human)''
|-
! Comitative
| colspan="2" | -da > -ga|| ''with/and, in company''
|-
! Equative
| colspan="2" | -gen || ''like/as''
|-
|}
 
===== Declension =====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 800px;"
! style="width: 80px;" | Case !! style="width: 80px;" | king (h) !! style="width: 80px;" | mother (h) !! style="width: 80px;" | tree (n) !! style="width: 80px;" | city (n) !! style="width: 80px;" | kings (h) !! style="width: 80px;" | mothers (h) !! style="width: 80px;" | trees (n) !! style="width: 80px;" | cities (n)
|-
! Genitive
| lugala(k) || amā(k) || ĝeša(k) || eria(k) || lugalena(k) || amana(k) || ''ĝešina(k)'' || ''erina(k)''
|-
! Ergative
| lugale || amae || ĝeše || erie || lugalenē || amanē || ''ĝešinē'' || ''erinē''
|-
! Absolutive
| lugal || ama || ĝeš || eri || ''lugalen(ē)'' || ''aman(ē)'' || ''ĝešin(ē)'' || ''erin(ē)''
|-
! Dative
| lugalra/lugalar || amar(a) || ''ĝešra/ĝešar'' || ''erir(a)'' || lugalenēr(a) || aman̄ēr(a) || ''ĝešinēr(a)'' || ''erinēr(a)''
|-
! Directive
| ''lugalye'' || ''amaye'' || ĝešye || eriye || ''lugalen[ē]ye'' || ''aman[ē]ye'' || ''ĝešin[ē]ye'' || ''erin[ē]ye''
|-
! Locative
| ''lugalya'' || ''amaya'' || ĝešya || eriya || ''lugalen[ē]ya'' || ''aman[ē]ya'' || ''ĝešin[ē]ya'' || ''erin[ē]ya''
|-
! Terminative
| lugalše/lugalaš || amaše || ĝešše/ĝešaš || eriše || lugalen[ē]še || aman[ē]še || ''ĝešin[ē]še || ''erin[ē]še''
|-
! Adverbiative
| lugaleš || amaeš || ĝešeš || erieš || lugaleneš || amanēš || ''ĝešinēš'' || ''erinēš''
|-
! Ablative
| ''lugalta'' || ''amata'' || ĝešta || erita || ''lugalen[ē]ta'' || ''aman[ē]ta'' || ''ĝešin[ē]ta'' || ''erin[ē]ta''
|-
! Comitative
| lugalga || amaga || ĝešga || eriga || lugalen[e]ga || aman[ē]ga || ''ĝešin[ē]ga'' || ''erin[ē]ga''
|-
! Equative
| lugalgen || amagen || ĝešgen ||  erigen || ''lugalen[ē]gen'' || ''aman[ē]gen'' || ''ĝešen[ē]gen'' || ''erin[ē]gen''
|-
|}
 
==== Pronouns ====
=====Personal=====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 300px;
|+ '''Personal pronouns'''
|-
! !! Aboslutive !! Ergative !! Dative !! Dimensional
|-
! 1sg
| ĝe || ĝe/ĝē || ĝār(a) || ĝāda; ĝāta; ĝāše
|-
! 2sg
| ze || ze/zē || zār(a) || zāda; zāta; zāše
|-
! 3sg
| ane; ibe || ane; ibe || aner(a); iber(a) || aneda/anega; aneta; aneša
|-
! 1pl
| den || den || denra/denar(a) || denda/denga; denta; denše
|-
! 2pl
| zen ||zen || zenra/zenar(a) || zenda/zenga; zenta; zenše
|-
! 3pl
| an(e)nē || an(e)nē || an(e)nēr(a) || an(e)nēda/an(e)nēga; an(e)nēta; an(e)nēše
|-
|}
 
=====Possessive=====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 300px;
|+ '''Possessive pronouns'''
|-
! !! Absolutive !! Genitive !! Locative !! Ergative !! Directive !! Dative !! Dimensional !! Plural
|-
! 1sg
| -ĝu || -ĝa || -ĝya || -ĝu || -ĝye || -ĝur(a) || -ĝuda || -ĝunē
|-
! 2sg
| -zu || -za || -zya || -zu || -zye || -zur(a) || -zuda || -zunē
|-
! 3sg
| -(a)ni; -bi || -(a)na; -ba || -(a)nya; -bya || -(a)ne; -be || -(a)nye; -bye || -(a)nir(a); -bir(a) || -(a)nida/-(a)niga; -bida/-biga || -(a)ninē; -binē
|-
! 1pl
| -me || -ma || -mya || -me || -mye || -mer(a) || -meda/-mega || -menē
|-
! 2pl
| -zene || -zena || -zenya || -zene || -zenye || -zener(a) || -zeneda/-zenega || -zenenē/-zennē
|-
! 3pl
| -(a)nne; -bīne || -(a)nna; -bīna || -(a)nnya; -bīnya || -(a)nne; -bīne || -(a)nnye; -bīnye || -(a)nner(a); -bīner(a) || -(a)nneda/-(a)nnega; -bīneda/-bīnega || -(a)nnenē; -bīnenē/-bīnnē
|-
|}
 
 
'''Examples:'''
* lugalĝu - ''my king'' : lugalme - ''our king''
* lugalzu - ''your king'' : lugalzene - ''your king''
* lugalani - ''his/her king'' : lugalanne - ''their king''
* lugalbi - ''its king'' : lugalbīne - ''their king''
* lugalĝunē - ''my kings'' : lugalmenē - ''our kings''
* lugalzunē - ''your kings'' : lugalzenenē ''your kings'' (zenene > zennē?)
* lugalaninē - ''his/her kings'' : lugalannenē - ''their kings''
* lugalbinē - ''its kings'' : lugalbīnenē - ''their kings'' (binene > bīnnē?)
 
=====Other=====
'''Interrogative:'''
* ana - ''what'' > anašam - ''why'' ~ anam - ''why''
* aba - ''who''
* agin - ''how'' ~ anagin - ''how''
* mea - ''where'' > meše - ''whither'', meta - ''whence''
* (ud - ''when'') ?
 
'''Indefinite:'''
* name ''any'' > luname - ''some(one), any(one), no (one), none'', niĝname - ''something, anything, nothing'', kiname - ''somewhere, nowhere'', uname - ''sometime, never''
 
'''Reflexive:'''
* ne(te) - ''self'' > neĝu - ''myself'', nezu - ''yourself'', nebi - ''itself'', neteni - ''himself''
 
'''Relative:''' -- ? --
* lu - ''the person (who)''
* niĝ - ''the thing (which)''
* ki - ''the place (where)''
* aba - ''(the one) who''
* ana - ''(that) which''
 
'''Demonstrative:'''
* nen - ''this'' > -ne, -ney (word-final)
* -bē - ''that'' > -bey (word-final)
* -ri - ''yonder''
* ūr/yūr/yur - ''that''
 
==== Adjectives ====
 
==== Numerals ====
=====Cardinal=====
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 300px;
! !! colspan="2" | Numbers !! Notes
|-
! 1
| diš || ||
|-
! 2
| min || ||
|-
! 3
| eš || ||
|-
! 4
| limmu || ||
|-
! 5
| ya || ||
|-
! 6
| āš || || = 5+1 ?
|-
! 7
| umin || || = 5+2
|-
! 8
| ussu || ||
|-
! 9
| (ilimmu) || īmmu || = 5+4
|-
! 10
| yu || ||
|-
! 11
| || dišu || = 1+10
|-
! 12
| || minu || = 2+10
|-
! 13
| || eššu || = 3+10
|-
! 14
| || miyu ||
|-
! 15
| || iyu ||
|-
! 16
| || āššu ||
|-
! 17
| || iminu ||
|-
! 18
| || ussuyu ||
|-
! 19
| || īmmuyu ||
|-
! 20
| colspan="2" | niš
|-
! 30
| colspan="2" | ušu || = 3x10
|-
! 40
| colspan="2" | nimin || = 20x2
|-
! 50
| colspan="2" | ninnu || = 40+10
|-
! 60
| colspan="2" | ĝešd
|-
! 70
| || ušumu || = 3x10x2+10
|-
! 80
| || ĝešniš || = 60+20
|-
! 90
| || šumiš || = 70+20
|-
! 100
| || numuš ||
|-
! 120
| colspan="2" | ĝešmin || = 60x2
|-
! 240
| colspan="2" | ĝešlimmu || = 60x4
|-
! 420
| colspan="2" | ĝešumin || = 60x7
|-
! 600
| colspan="2" | ĝešdu || = 60x10
|-
! 1200
| colspan="2" | ĝešumin || = 600x2
|-
! 3600
| colspan="2" | šar || (60x60)
|-
! 36000
| colspan="2" | šaru || = 60x10
|-
! 216000
| colspan="2" | šargal || = big-3600 (60x60x60)
|-
|}
 
=====Ordinal=====
Suffix: '''-kam(ma)'''
* 1st: '''merga(ma)'''
* 2nd: niškam(ma)
* 3rd: eškam(ma)
* 4th: limmukam(ma)
* etc.
 
==== Verbs ====
=====Characteristics=====
=====Conjugation=====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 300px;
! rowspan="3" | Transitive !! colspan="6" | Perfective !! colspan="6" | Imperfective
|-
! colspan="4" | Subject !! rowspan="2" | Stem !! rowspan="2" |  Object !! colspan="4" | Object !! rowspan="2" | Stem !! rowspan="2" |  Subject
|-
! Base !! Past !! Present !! Future !! Base !! Past !! Present !! Future
|-
! 1sg
| '''ʔ''' || ī || ē || ā || rowspan="6" | STEM || (e)n || '''n''' || in || en || an || rowspan="6" | STEM || (e)n
|-
! 2sg
| '''e''' || e || eh || ah || (e)s || '''s''' || is || es || as || (e)s
|-
! 3sg
| '''n''', '''b'''|| in, ib || en, eb || an, ab || Ø || '''n''', '''b'''|| in, ib || en, eb || an, ab
|-
! 1pl
| '''d''' || id || ed || ad  || (e)nden || '''d''' || id || ed || ad || (e)nden
|-
! 2pl
| '''z''' || iz || ez || az  || (e)nzen || '''z''' || iz || ez || az || (e)nzen
|-
! 3pl
| '''š''' || iš || eš || aš  || (e)š || '''š''' || iš || eš || aš || (e)nē
|-
! rowspan="3" | Intransitive !! colspan="6" | Perfective !! colspan="6" | Imperfective
|-
! colspan="4" | - !! rowspan="2" | Stem !! rowspan="2" |  Subject !! colspan="4" | - !! rowspan="2" | Stem !! rowspan="2" |  Subject
|-
! Base !! Past !! Present !! Future !! Base !! Past !! Present !! Future
|-
|-
! 1sg
| rowspan="6" | - || rowspan="6" | i || rowspan="6" | e || rowspan="6" | a || rowspan="6" | STEM || (e)n || rowspan="6" | - || rowspan="6" | i || rowspan="6" | e || rowspan="6" | a || rowspan="6" | (+ed) || (e)n
|-
! 2sg
| (e)s || (e)s
|-
! 3sg
| Ø || Ø
|-
! 1pl
| (e)nden || (e)nden
|-
! 2pl
| (e)nzen || (e)nzen
|-
! 3pl
| (e)š || (e)š
|-
|}
<br>
'''Forms of the prefixes:'''
* -C > -Cen
* -V > -v̄n (vowel lenthening)
* -v̄ > -ūwen; -īyen; -ēyen; -āen
 
=====Full paradigm=====
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 300px;
|+ '''Conjugation'''
|-
! !! colspan="3" | Perfective !! colspan="3" | Imperfective
|-
! Transitive !! Subject !! Stem !! Object !! Object !! Stem !! Subject
|-
! 1sg
| ʔ (ī) || || en || ʔ (ī) || || en
|-
! 2sg
| e (e) || || en || e (e) || || en
|-
! 3sg p
| n (in) || || Ø || n (in) || || e
|-
! 3sg i
| b (ib) || || Ø || (b) (ib) || || e
|-
! 1pl
| || || enden || || || enden
|-
! 2pl
| || || enzen || || || enzen
|-
! 3pl
| n-V-eš (in) || || eš || || || enē
|-
! Intransitive !!  !! Stem !! Subject !!  !! Stem !! Subject
|-
! 1sg
| || || en || || (+ed) || en
|-
! 2sg
| || || en || || (+ed) || en
|-
! 3sg p
| || || Ø || || (+ed) || Ø
|-
! 3sg i
| || || Ø || || (+ed) || Ø
|-
! 1pl
| || || enden || || (+ed) || enden
|-
! 2pl
| || || enzen || || (+ed) || enzen
|-
! 3pl
| || || eš || || (+ed) || eš
|-
|}
 
* subject/patient = absolutive (patient = accusative object of transitive verbs; subject = nominative subject of intransitive verbs)
* agent = ergative (agent = nominative subject of transitive verbs)
 
=====Prefixes=====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
|+ '''Other prefixes'''
|-
! !! Ventive !! Initial person<br>suffixes !! Dative !! Cominative !! Terminative<br>ablative !! Local<br>prefixes
|-
! 1sg
| mu/mū || mu/m || ma || rowspan="8" | '''da''' ''with''<br>(''ventive: '''(V)mda''''') || rowspan="8" | '''ta''' ''from''<br>'''ši''' ''to(wards)''<br>(''ventive: '''(V)mta/mši''''') || rowspan="8" | '''ni''' ''in(to)''<br>'''e''' ''on(to)''
|-
! 2sg
| mu (mye) || e/r || ra (ira)
|-
! 3sg p
| (V)m || n (in) || na (ina)
|-
! 3sg i
| (V)mm || b (ib) || ba
|-
! 1pl
| mē || me || me
|-
! 2pl
| || enē || enē (inē)
|-
! 3pl
| mu || ne/nnē || ne
|-
|}
 
Examples:
* {{green|nin}} {{blue|lugal}}{{red|da}} {{blue|in}}{{red|da}}tuš{{green|Ø}} - ''the queen sat with the king''
* {{green|naĝar}} {{blue|iri}}{{red|še}} {{blue|ib}}{{red|še}}ĝen{{green|Ø}} - ''the carpenter went to the city''
* lugal{{blue|e}} nin{{yellow|ra}} iri{{orange|ya}} {{green|ē}} i{{yellow|na}}{{orange|ni}}{{blue|n}}du{{green|Ø}} - ''a house was built for the queen by the king in the city''
 
* When a vocalic suffix is added before the ventive prefix, the vowel is added: '''īm-''', '''ūm-''', and '''ām-'''
** '''īmĝen''' - he came here ''(m+ĝen+Ø)''
** '''īmmaĝen''' - he came away ''(m+ba+ĝen+Ø)''
 
=====Performatives=====
Prefix: '''u-/ū-''' (> '''ul-''' when followed by verb root)
* relative past (when/after) - only with perfective verbs<br>
 
Prefix: '''i-/ī-'''
* present forms, perfective<br>
 
Prefix: '''a-''' (> '''al-''' when followed by verb root)
* imperfective; al- in imperatives? <br>
<br>
Modal prefixes:
* NEGATIVE '''nu-''' (la-, li-) ''not''
* PRECATIVE '''hé-''' (ha-, hu-) ''may he, he should, whether''
* COHORTATIVE '''ga-''' (gi4-, gú-) ''may I, I shall''
* PROHIBITIVE '''na-''' ''may he not''
* AFFIRMATIVE '''na-''' ''he shall (shall he not?)''
* VETITIVE '''ba-ra-''' ''can not, must not''
* PROSPECTIVE '''ù-''' (a-, ì-) ''when, after''
* CONTRAPUNCTIVE '''ši-''' (ša-, šu-) ''so, therefore''
* FRUSTRATIVE '''nu-uš-''' ''if only''
* CONJUNCTIVE '''(i)n-ga-''' ''and, also, furthermore''
 
=====Imperfective stems=====
Formation:
* affixiation: '''-e''' (-ū > -ūwe, -ā > -āe, -ē > -ēye, -ī > -īye, -a/e/i/u > -ā/ē/ī/ū)
* reduplication:
** type 1: ĝar > ĝaĝa
** type 2: ḫal(a) > ḫalḫa
* suppletive root
 
=====Copula=====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 300px;
|+ '''Copula'''
|-
! !! Independent !! Enclitic
|-
! 1sg
| -men || =men
|-
! 2sg
| -mes || =mes
|-
! 3sg
| -me || =(a)m
|-
! 1pl
| -menden || =menden
|-
! 2pl
| -menzen || =menzen
|-
! 3pl
| -meš || =meš
|-
|}
 
====Other ====
=====Nominalising suffix -wa=====
* '''lugale hay indū > lugal lu hay indū{{blue|wa}}'''
** ''the king built the house > the king, the man who built the house''
<br>
* '''hay badū > hay dū{{blue|wa}}'''
** ''the house was built > the house that was built''
<br>
* '''lugale hay maḫ indū'''
** ''the king built the lofty temple''
* '''hay maḫbita'''
** ''from that lofty temple''
* '''hay maḫ lugale [hay maḫ] dū{{blue|wa}}bita'''
** ''from that lofy temple built by the king''
<br>
* '''hay šub{{blue|wa}}'''
** ''the house that collapsed > the collapsed house''
* '''hay dū{{blue|wa}}'''
** ''the house that was built > the built house''
* '''inim dūg{{blue|wa}}'''
** ''the word that was spoken > the spoken word''
<br>
* '''lue hay indū > hay lue dū{{blue|wa}}'''
** ''the man built the house > the house built by the man''
 
=== Vocabulary ===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg sortable collapsible collapsed" style="width: 600px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | Vocabualry
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | Conlang
! style="width: 100px;" | Sumerian
! English
|-
! lugal
| lugal
| king
|-
! eri
| iri/eri
| city, town
|-
|}
 
=== Examples ===
====General====
* '''dumu''' - son ''(absolutive)''
* '''dumuni''' - her/his son ''(possessive + absolutive)''
* '''dumune''' - by her/his son ''(possessive + ergative)''
* '''dumube''' - by that son ''(demonstrative + ergative)''
* '''dumun''' - sons ''(absolutive)''
* '''dumu-dumu''' - all the sons ''(reduplication + absolutive)''
* '''dumu turra''' - for the small son ''(adjective + dative case (-ra))''
* '''dumu turani''' - his/her small son ''(adjective + possessive + absolutive)''
* '''dumu turbira''' - for that small son ''(adjective + demonstrative + dative)''
* '''dumu turenēr(a)''' - for the small sons ''(adjective + plural + dative)''
* '''dumuninēr(a)''' - for his/her sons ''(possessive + plural + dative)''
* '''dumu turbēnēda''' - with those small sons ''(adjective + demonstrative + plural + comitative case (-da))''
 
* '''amanigin''' - like her mother
* '''dumusaĝ lugalagin - like the first-born son of the king
 
====Genitive====
* '''ē lugala(k)''' - the house of the king ''{é} + {lugal+ak} + Ø''
* '''ē lugala(k)ya''' - in the house of the king ''{é} + {lugal+ak} + ya''
* '''dumu lugalanake''' - by the son of his house ''{dumu} + {lugal+ani+ak} + e''
* '''šeš tur lugal mahakenē''' - the young brothers of the lofty king ''{šeš+tur} + {lugal+mah+ak} + ene + Ø''
* '''šeš tur lugal mahzabēnē''' - those young brothers of your lofty king ''{šeš+tur} + {lugal+mah+zu+ak} + bi + ene + Ø''
 
* '''ē dumua''' - the house of the son ''(é dumu+ak+Ø)''
* '''ē dumu lugalaka''' - the house of the son of the king ''(é dumu lugal+ak+ak+Ø)''
* '''ē dumu lugal Urimak(a)ka''' - the house of the son of the king of Ur ''(é dumu lugal úri(m)<sup>ki</sup>+ak+ak+ak+Ø)''
 
* ANTICIPATORY:
** '''lugala diĝirani''' - of the king his god = the god of the king ''(lugal+ak diĝir+(a)ni+Ø)''
** '''udua lugalbi''' - of the sheep its owner = the owner of the sheep ''(udu+ak lugal+bi+Ø)''
 
* PREDICATIVE:
** '''ĝākam''' - it is of me = it is mine ''(ĝá+ak+am)''
** '''zākam''' - it is yours ''(za+ak+am)''
** '''anekam''' - it is his/hers ''(ene+ak+am)''
** '''denakam''' - it is ours
** '''zenakam''' - it is yours
** '''annēkam''' - it is theirs ''(enene+ak+am)''
** '''kubey [ku] ĝākam''' - that silver is [silver] of me = that silver is mine
** '''luney [lu] iribākam''' - this man is [a man] of that city = this man is of that city
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