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| '''Proto-Haïdic''' is the reconstructed ancestor to the Haïdic language family. | | '''Proto-Haïdic''' is the reconstructed ancestor to the Haïdic language family. |
| ==Phonology== | | ==Phonology== |
| | ===Vowels=== |
| | {| class="wikitable" style="margin:autmargin:auto;" |
| | |+caption | Vowel phonemes |
| | |- |
| | ! rowspan="2" | |
| | ! colspan="2" | Front |
| | ! colspan="2" | Central |
| | ! colspan="2" | Back |
| | |- |
| | ! <small>short</small> |
| | ! <small>long</small> |
| | ! <small>short</small> |
| | ! <small>long</small> |
| | ! <small>short</small> |
| | ! <small>long</small> |
| | |- style="text-align:center;" |
| | ! Close |
| | | *i |
| | | *ī |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | *u |
| | | *ū |
| | |- style="text-align:center;" |
| | ! Open |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | *a |
| | | *ā |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |} |
| ===Consonants=== | | ===Consonants=== |
| {| class="wikitable" style="margin:autmargin:auto;" | | {| class="wikitable" style="margin:autmargin:auto;" |
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| | *m | | | *m |
| | | | | |
| | | |
| | *n | | | *n |
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| | | | | |
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| == Verbs == | | == Verbs == |
| {| class="wikitable" style="margin:autmargin:auto;"
| |
| |+caption | Verb patterns
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" | Stem
| |
| ! colspan="3" | Verb
| |
| ! rowspan="2" | Description
| |
| ! rowspan="2" | Meaning
| |
| |-
| |
| ! <small>''adnominal''</small>
| |
| ! <small>''conclusive''</small>
| |
| ! <small>''infinitive''</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="text-align:center;" | I
| |
| | ''*patah''
| |
| | ''*ʔaptah''
| |
| | ''*ʔaptuhu''
| |
| | The simple stem for [[w:Transitive verb|transitive]] and [[w:Intransitive verb|intransitive]] verbs.
| |
| | 'I strike'
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="text-align:center;" | II
| |
| | ''*putih''
| |
| | ''*ʔuptih''
| |
| | ''*ʔupātuhu''
| |
| | ''*u''-mediopassive, used to form intransitive verbs from transitive Stem I verbs.
| |
| | 'I am stricken'
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="text-align:center;" | III
| |
| | ''*itpatah''
| |
| | ''*ʔamitpatah''
| |
| | ''*ʔamitpātuhu''
| |
| | Simple stem with t-infix after first radical, indicating reciprocal or reflexive.
| |
| | 'we strike each other'
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="text-align:center;" | IV
| |
| | ''*itputih''
| |
| | ''*ʔitputih''
| |
| | ''*ʔitputuhu''
| |
| | ''*u''-mediopassive with t-infix after first radical, indicating reflexive.
| |
| | 'I strike myself'
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="text-align:center;" | V
| |
| | ''*pittah''
| |
| | ''*ʔapittah''
| |
| | ''*ʔapittuhu''
| |
| | Gemination of the second radical, indicating the intensive.
| |
| | 'I destroy'
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="text-align:center;" | VI
| |
| | ''*puttih''
| |
| | ''*ʔuputtih''
| |
| | ''*ʔuputtuhu''
| |
| | ''*u''-mediopassive with gemination of the second radical, indicating the intensive mediopassive.
| |
| | 'I am destroyed'
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="text-align:center;" | VII
| |
| | ''*itpattah''
| |
| | ''*ʔamitpattah''
| |
| | ''*ʔamitpattuhu''
| |
| | Gemination of the second radical with t-infix after first radical, indicating intensive reciprocal or reflexive.
| |
| | 'we destroy each other'
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="text-align:center;" | VIII
| |
| | ''*itputtih''
| |
| | ''*ʔitputtih''
| |
| | ''*ʔitputtuhu''
| |
| | ''*u''-mediopassive with gemination of the second radical and t-infix after first radical, indicating intensive reflexive.
| |
| | 'I destroy myself'
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="text-align:center;" | IX
| |
| | ''*siptah''
| |
| | ''*ʔasiptah''
| |
| | ''*ʔasiptuhu''
| |
| | ''*s''-performative, indicating the causative of intransitive Stem I verbs.
| |
| | 'I make them strike'
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="text-align:center;" | IX
| |
| | ''*sitpatah''
| |
| | ''*ʔasitpatah''
| |
| | ''*ʔasitpātuhu''
| |
| | ''*s''-performative with t-infix after first radical, indicating causative reciprocal or reflexive.
| |
| | 'I make them strike each other'
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="text-align:center;" | X
| |
| | ''*sitputih''
| |
| | ''*ʔasitputih''
| |
| | ''*ʔasitputuhu''
| |
| | ''*s''-performative and ''*u''-mediopassive with t-infix after first radical, indicating causative reflexive.
| |
| | 'I make them strike themselves'
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="text-align:center;" | XI
| |
| | ''*sipattah''
| |
| | ''*ʔasipattah''
| |
| | ''*ʔasipattuhu''
| |
| | ''*s''-performative with gemination of the second radical, indicating the intensive causative.
| |
| | 'I make them destroy'
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="text-align:center;" | XII
| |
| | ''*sitpattah''
| |
| | ''*ʔasitpattah''
| |
| | ''*ʔasitpattuhu''
| |
| | ''*s''-performative with gemination of the second radical and t-infix after first radical, indicating the intensive causative reciprocal or reflexive.
| |
| | 'I make them destroy each other'
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="text-align:center;" | XIII
| |
| | ''*sitputtih''
| |
| | ''*ʔasitputtih''
| |
| | ''*ʔasitpattuhu''
| |
| | ''*s''-performative and ''*u''-mediopassive with gemination of the second radical and t-infix after first radical, indicating the intensive causative reflexive.
| |
| | 'I make them destroy themselves'
| |
| |}
| |