User:IlL/Spare pages 1/55: Difference between revisions
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A-Tiberian Hebrew is the same as ours but with ejectives for emphatics instead of pharyngealized consonants. | A-Tiberian Hebrew is the same as ours but with ejectives for emphatics instead of pharyngealized consonants. | ||
As in our timeline, Hebrew accents in the | As in our timeline, Hebrew accents in the Unbegotten timeline can be divided into three major types: | ||
*Ashkenazi-type: segol, pataħ, and qamatz are all distinct; tav is lenited (e.g. Modern Standard, Gaelic) | *Ashkenazi-type: segol, pataħ, and qamatz are all distinct; tav is lenited (e.g. Modern Standard, Gaelic) | ||
*Sephardi-type: segol != pataħ = qamatz; tav is ''not'' lenited (e.g. Vertlandic) | *Sephardi-type: segol != pataħ = qamatz; tav is ''not'' lenited (e.g. Vertlandic) | ||
*Babylonian-type: segol = pataħ != qamatz (e.g. Indian) | *Babylonian-type: segol = pataħ != qamatz (e.g. Indian) | ||
==Standard== | ==Standard== | ||
Hebrew in Lõis was first revived by English-speaking Jewish immigrants in the Holy Land. Most speakers in the Holy Land today use a simplified version of English Hebrew, with a | Hebrew in Lõis was first revived by English-speaking Jewish immigrants in the Holy Land. Most speakers in the Holy Land today use a simplified version of English Hebrew, with a Gaelic Hebrew touch. | ||
* Stressed vowels are slightly longer than unstressed syllables. | * Stressed vowels are slightly longer than unstressed syllables. | ||
* TibH /p t k/ are aspirated except after fricatives; voicing assimilation works like in English | * TibH /p t k/ are aspirated except after fricatives; voicing assimilation works like in English | ||
* "overuse" of glottal reinforcement relative to Vertlandic Hebrew: the Revived Hebrew phonemes /p t k ts/ are realized as [ʔp ʔt ʔk ʔts] after a vowel or /m n l/. | * "overuse" of glottal reinforcement relative to Vertlandic Hebrew: the Revived Hebrew phonemes /p t k ts/ are realized as [ʔp ʔt ʔk ʔts] after a vowel or /m n l/. | ||
* beth, kaf, pe, tav without dagesh are [v, x, f, | * beth, kaf, pe, tav without dagesh are [v, x, f, s]. | ||
* lamed is always clear [l] | * lamed is always clear [l] | ||
* vav is [v], like in Israeli Hebrew | * vav is [v], like in Israeli Hebrew | ||
* A six-vowel system: /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/ = [i ɛ ɛ a ɔ ø u~ü]. /ø/ is lowered to [œ] before [χ]. | * A six-vowel system: /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/ = [i ɛ ɛ a ɔ ø u~ü]. /ø/ is lowered to [œ] before [χ]. | ||
* resh freely varies between [ɹ], [ɻ] and [ɾ] | |||
* resh | |||
* Shva is dropped using similar rules to Israeli Hebrew. If shva is pronounced as a vowel, it is pronounced as [ə]. | * Shva is dropped using similar rules to Israeli Hebrew. If shva is pronounced as a vowel, it is pronounced as [ə]. | ||
* Ayin not before a vowel (whether shva, chataf or final) behaves much like in Israeli Hebrew: /aʕ eʕ ɔʕ oʕ iʕ uʕ/ = [ɑ: ea oa~o øa ia ua]. Nasal realizations [ɑ̃ː ɛ̃ː ɔ̃ː œ̃ː iɑ̃~ẽː uɑ̃~õː] or pharyngeal realizations (pronouncing a pharyngeal ayin) may be present in proper and formal speech. | * Ayin not before a vowel (whether shva, chataf or final) behaves much like in Israeli Hebrew: /aʕ eʕ ɔʕ oʕ iʕ uʕ/ = [ɑ: ea oa~o øa ia ua]. Nasal realizations [ɑ̃ː ɛ̃ː ɔ̃ː œ̃ː iɑ̃~ẽː uɑ̃~õː] or pharyngeal realizations (pronouncing a pharyngeal ayin) may be present in proper and formal speech. | ||
* /h/-dropping does not occur word-initially or on the onset of a stressed syllable, except possibly in function words. The /h/ in the definite article /ha/ is not dropped phrase-initially. | * /h/-dropping does not occur word-initially or on the onset of a stressed syllable, except possibly in function words. The /h/ in the definite article /ha/ is not dropped phrase-initially. | ||
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==Vertlandic== | ==Vertlandic== | ||
Vertlandic Jews (called "Sephardim" in-universe) have the following features: | Vertlandic Jews (called "Sephardim" in-universe) have the following features: | ||
*begadkefat acts on /b d k p/ → /v ð x f/ | *begadkefat acts on /b d k p/ → /v ð x f/ | ||
*glottal reinforcement before tet, tsadi, and kuf | *glottal reinforcement before tet, tsadi, and kuf | ||
*segol = ə, pataħ = QG = a, tsere = əy, ħolam = əw, ħiriq = i, QQ = shuruq = u | *segol = ə, pataħ = QG = a, tsere = əy, ħolam = əw, ħiriq = i, QQ = shuruq = u | ||
==Sample (Dror Yikra)== | ==Sample (Dror Yikra)== | ||
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<poem> | <poem> | ||
[dɹœɹ | [dɹœɹ jiʔˈkɹɔ ləˈvɛn (ʔ)im bas] | ||
[ | [vəjinʔtsɔɹˈχɛm kmø vɔˈvas] | ||
[nəˈ(ʔ)im ʃimˈχɛm vəˈlø | [nəˈ(ʔ)im ʃimˈχɛm vəˈlø juʃˈbas] | ||
[ʃvu nuˈχu bəˈjøm | [ʃvu nuˈχu bəˈjøm ʃaˈbɔs] | ||
[dɹøʃ | [dɹøʃ nɔˈvi və(ʔ)ulɔˈmi] | ||
[vəˈ(ʔ) | [vəˈ(ʔ)øs ˈjɛʃa (ʔ)aˈsɛ (ʔ)iˈmi] | ||
[nəʔˈta søˈɹɛʔk | [nəʔˈta søˈɹɛʔk bəˈsœχ kaɹˈmi] | ||
[ʃəˈ(ʔ)e ʃavˈ(ʔ) | [ʃəˈ(ʔ)e ʃavˈ(ʔ)as bnɛ (ʔ)aˈmi] | ||
[dɹœχ | [dɹœχ pʊəˈɹɔ bəˈsɔx bɔʔtsˈɹɔ] | ||
[vəˈgam | [vəˈgam bɔˈvɛl (ʔ)aˈʃɛɹ gɔvˈɹɔ] | ||
[ | [nəˈsøʔts tsɔˈɹaj bəˈ(ʔ)af və(ʔ)ɛvˈɹɔ] | ||
[ʃma køˈli bəˈjøm (ʔ) | [ʃma køˈli bəˈjøm (ʔ)ɛʔkˈɹɔ] | ||
[ʔɛløʔˈkim tɛn | [ʔɛløʔˈkim tɛn bamidˈbɔɹ haɹ] | ||
[haˈdas | [haˈdas ʃiʔˈtɔ bəˈɹøʃ tidˈɦɔɹ] | ||
[vəlamazˈɦiɹ | [vəlamazˈɦiɹ vəlanizˈɦɔɹ] | ||
[ʃløˈmim tɛn kəˈmɛ | [ʃløˈmim tɛn kəˈmɛ nɔˈhɔɹ] | ||
[həˈdœχ | [həˈdœχ kɔˈmaj χaj ʔɛl kaˈnɔ] | ||
[bəˈmøg | [bəˈmøg lɛˈvɔv uvimgiˈnɔ] | ||
[ | [vənaɹˈχiv pɛ unmaˈlɛnɔ] | ||
[ləʃøˈnɛnu | [ləʃøˈnɛnu ləˈχɔ ɹiˈnɔ] | ||
[dəˈ(ʔ)ɛ χoχˈmo lənafˈʃɛχo] | [dəˈ(ʔ)ɛ χoχˈmo lənafˈʃɛχo] | ||
[vəˈhi | [vəˈhi ˈχɛsɛɹ ləɹøˈʃɛχo] | ||
[nəʔˈtsœɹ | [nəʔˈtsœɹ miʔtsˈvas kdøˈʃɛχo] | ||
[ʃmœɹ | [ʃmœɹ ʃaˈbos kodˈʃɛχo] | ||
</poem> | </poem> | ||
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[dəˈrəwx puˈra bəˈtəwx buʔtsˈra] | [dəˈrəwx puˈra bəˈtəwx buʔtsˈra] | ||
[ | [wəˈgam baˈvəjl ʔaˈʃər gavˈra] | ||
[nəˈtəwʔts tsaˈraj bəˈʔaf wɐʕɐvˈra] | [nəˈtəwʔts tsaˈraj bəˈʔaf wɐʕɐvˈra] | ||
[ʃəˈmɐʕ kəwˈli bəˈjəwm ʔəʔkˈra] | [ʃəˈmɐʕ kəwˈli bəˈjəwm ʔəʔkˈra] | ||
[ʔələwʔˈkim təjn | [ʔələwʔˈkim təjn bammiðˈbar har] | ||
[ | [haˈðas ʃiʔtˈta bərəwʃ tiðˈɦar] | ||
[wəlammazˈɦir wəlannizˈɦar] | [wəlammazˈɦir wəlannizˈɦar] | ||
[ʃələwˈmim təjn kəˈməj naˈhar] | [ʃələwˈmim təjn kəˈməj naˈhar] | ||
[ | [həˈðəwx kaˈməj ħaj ʔəjl kanˈna] | ||
[ | [bəˈməwg ləjˈvav ʔuvimginˈna] | ||
[wənarˈħiv pə ʔunmalˈlənna] | [wənarˈħiv pə ʔunmalˈlənna] | ||
[ləʃəwˈnəjnu ləˈxa rinˈna] | [ləʃəwˈnəjnu ləˈxa rinˈna] | ||
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[dəˈʕəj ħuxˈma lənafˈʃəxa] | [dəˈʕəj ħuxˈma lənafˈʃəxa] | ||
[wəˈhi ˈxətər lərəwˈʃəxa] | [wəˈhi ˈxətər lərəwˈʃəxa] | ||
[nəʔˈtsəwr miʔtsˈwat | [nəʔˈtsəwr miʔtsˈwat kəðəwˈʃəxa] | ||
[ʃəˈməwɾ ʃabˈbat | [ʃəˈməwɾ ʃabˈbat kuðˈʃəxa] | ||
</poem> | </poem> | ||
|} | |} | ||