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| {{Infobox language | | {{Infobox proto-language |
| |name = Proto-Almaic | | | name = Proto-Almaic |
| |altname = | | | creator = [[User:MIGUELbM|Miguel Bartelsman]] |
| |nativename = Rapa'i | | | altname = Rapa'i |
| |pronunciation = /ʀaˈpa.ʔi/ | | | target = Almaic |
| |region = Almaic plains; Hassjic mountains. | | | region = Almaic plains; Hassjic mountains |
| |extinct = ca. 3500 a.E. | | | era = 5000–3500 a.E. (Lithic) |
| |era = Lithic period
| | | familycolor = |
| |familycolor = | | | child1 = [[Angaran]] |
| |fam1 = Almeic | | | child2 = [[Yohari]] |
| |family = Proto-Almaic | |
| |creator = Miguel Bartelsman
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| |created = 2020
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| |setting = Conworld Angara
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| |script = Latin
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| |iso3 = none
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| |notice = IPA
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| }} | | }} |
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| == Syntax == | | == Syntax == |
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| {| {{Table/bluetable}} | | {{rellink|For examples: [[Proto-Almaic/Test Sentences]]}} |
| ! style="min-width: 100px;" | WALS Ch.
| | |
| ! style="min-width: 200px;" | Structure
| | Proto-Angaric is a specifier-initial, adjunct-mixed, head-final language. |
| ! style="min-width: 400px;" | Examples
| | |
| |-
| | XP → (YP) X' |
| | WALS 81 - 84
| | |
| | SOXV
| | X' → (ZP) X' ''or'' X' (ZP) |
| | — [S: the dog] [O: the cat] [X: to the tree] [V: chases]
| | |
| |-
| | X' → (WP) X |
| | WALS 85
| | |
| | Prepositions
| | === Structure rules === |
| | — [PP: to] [N: the tree] | | |
| |- | | Phrase heads are in '''bold''', adjuncts are in {{color|gray|gray}}, optional elements are surrounded by (parentheses) or, if they can be repeated, by {curly braces} |
| | WALS 86
| | |
| | Genitive Noun
| | ==== Sentence ==== |
| | — [G: the cat's] [N: toy]
| | * CP |
| |-
| | |
| | WALS 87
| | ==== Complement Phrase (CP) ==== |
| | Noun Adjective
| | * (NP) VP ('''C''') |
| | — [N: dog] [Adj: big]
| | * VP '''NP''' — Subject backing |
| |-
| | |
| | WALS 88
| | ==== Verb Phrase (VP) ==== |
| | Noun Determiner | | * (NP/DP/CP) (NP/DP/CP) '''V''' {{color|gray|{PP/AdvP} }} (Aux) |
| | — [N: dog] [Det: that] | | |
| |-
| | ==== Noun Phrase (NP) ==== |
| | WALS 89
| | * {{color|gray|{PP} }} (PP/AdjP) '''N''' {{color|gray|{Adj} }} |
| | Numeral Noun | | |
| | — [Num: three] [N: balls] | | ==== Determiner phrase (DP) ==== |
| |- | | * (NP) '''D''' |
| | WALS 94 | | * (NP)<sub>{{glossabb|s|Subject, possessor, specifier}}</sub> (NP)<sub>{{glossabb|o|Object, possessee, complement}}</sub> '''D''' — Possessive construction |
| | Internal subordinator word
| | |
| | — [S: the dog] [Adv: if] [V: sees]
| | ==== Postposition Phrase (PP) ==== |
| |-
| | * (NP/DP/CP) '''PP''' |
| | WALS 100 | |
| | Active alignment | |
| | — [Act: the dog] [Pas: the cat] [V: chases] <br>— [Act: the dog] [V: walks] <br>— [Pas: the cat] [V: falls]
| |
| |- | |
| | WALS 122 | |
| | Gap
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| | [S:[R: a wool have-not] sheep] [O:horses] [V:sees]
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| |-
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| | WALS 123
| |
| | Relativization on Obliques
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| | — [Act: the dog] [Pas: the cat] [V: chases] <br>— [Act: the dog] [V: walks] <br>— [Pas: the cat] [V: falls]
| |
| |}
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| === Relative constructions === | | ==== Adverb Phrase (AdvP) ==== |
| | * (AdvP) '''AdvP''' |
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| Proto-angaran builds relative constructions with the help of demonstratives. Generally speaking, a correlative construction with a demonstrative in the relative and main clauses is the most versatile, but Passive-relative constructions can drop the demonstrative from the main clause, and Active-relative constructions can drop all the demonstratives and fully rely in word order instead.
| | ==== Adjective Phrase (AdjP) ==== |
| | * (AdvP/PP) '''AdjP''' |
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| ; Active (sheep)
| | ==== Conjunction Phrase (ConjP) ==== |
| :; Regular clause
| | * XP/ConjP XP '''Conj''' |
| :: The sheep wool not has.
| |
| :::''The sheep had no wool.''
| |
| :; Gapping
| |
| :: The sheep [wool not has] horses saw.
| |
| ::: ''The sheep (who) had no wool saw horses.''
| |
| :: A horse sheep [wool not has] saw.
| |
| ::: ''A horse saw the sheep (who) had no wool.''
| |
| :; Demonstrative
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| :: The sheep [that wool not has] horses saw.
| |
| ::: ''The sheep that had no wool saw horses.''
| |
| :: A horse sheep [that wool not has] saw.
| |
| ::: ''A horse saw the sheep that had no wool.''
| |
| :; Correlative
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| :: [sheep that wool not has], sheep that horses saw.
| |
| ::: ''The sheep has no wool, that sheep saw horses.''
| |
| ; Passive (wagon)
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| :; Regular clause
| |
| :: The horse a wagon pulling.
| |
| ::: ''The horse pulling a wagon.''
| |
| :; Demonstrative
| |
| :: The sheep a wagon [the horse that pulling] rides.
| |
| ::: ''The sheep rides a wagon, that the horse is pulling.''
| |
| :; Correlative
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| :: [The horse wagon that pulling], the sheep wagon that rides.
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| ::: ''The horse is pulling a wagon, the sheep rides that wagon.''
| |
| ; Oblique (hill)
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| :; Regular clause
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| :: The sheep them from a hill saw
| |
| ::: ''The sheep saw them from a hill''
| |
| :; Correlative
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| :: [The sheep them from hill that saw], we hill that love
| |
| ::: ''The sheep we saw from that hill, we love that hill''
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| == Grammar == | | == Grammar == |