User:IlL/Spare pages 1/55: Difference between revisions

← Older edit

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Riphic''' is a fictional subbranch of Indo-European, intended to serve as an alternate diachronic history for English for [[Verse:AETHER]].
+A-Tiberian Hebrew is the same as ours but with ejectives for emphatics instead of pharyngealized consonants.
-==Sound changes==
-===PIE to Proto-Riphic===
+As in our timeline, Hebrew accents in the Unbegotten timeline can be divided into three major types:
-===Proto-Riphic to A-Old English===
+*Ashkenazi-type: segol, pataħ, and qamatz are all distinct; tav is lenited (e.g. Modern Standard, Gaelic)
-===A-Old English to English===
+*Sephardi-type: segol != pataħ = qamatz; tav is ''not'' lenited (e.g. Vertlandic)
+*Babylonian-type: segol = pataħ != qamatz (e.g. Indian)
+==Standard==
+Hebrew in Lõis was first revived by English-speaking Jewish immigrants in the Holy Land. Most speakers in the Holy Land today use a simplified version of English Hebrew, with a Gaelic Hebrew touch.
+* Stressed vowels are slightly longer than unstressed syllables.
+* TibH /p t k/ are aspirated except after fricatives; voicing assimilation works like in English
+* "overuse" of glottal reinforcement relative to Vertlandic Hebrew: the Revived Hebrew phonemes /p t k ts/ are realized as [ʔp ʔt ʔk ʔts] after a vowel or /m n l/.
+* beth, kaf, pe, tav without dagesh are [v, x, f, s].
+* lamed is always clear [l]
+* vav is [v], like in Israeli Hebrew
+* A six-vowel system: /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/ = [i ɛ ɛ a ɔ ø u~ü]. /ø/ is lowered to [œ] before [χ].
+* resh freely varies between [ɹ], [ɻ] and [ɾ]
+* Shva is dropped using similar rules to Israeli Hebrew. If shva is pronounced as a vowel, it is pronounced as [ə].
+* Ayin not before a vowel (whether shva, chataf or final) behaves much like in Israeli Hebrew: /aʕ eʕ ɔʕ oʕ iʕ uʕ/ = [ɑ: ea oa~o øa ia ua]. Nasal realizations [ɑ̃ː ɛ̃ː ɔ̃ː œ̃ː iɑ̃~ẽː uɑ̃~õː] or pharyngeal realizations (pronouncing a pharyngeal ayin) may be present in proper and formal speech.
+* /h/-dropping does not occur word-initially or on the onset of a stressed syllable, except possibly in function words. The /h/ in the definite article /ha/ is not dropped phrase-initially.
+The grammar is nearly identical to our Israeli Hebrew (using suffix conjugation = past, participle = present, prefix conjugation = future/imperative, l- + infinitive construct = infinitive), but different phonological simplifications are made than in Israeli Hebrew and there are calques from English not used in Israeli Hebrew, such as מה מעלה /ma ˈmaːlo/ = "what's up?"
+*The compensatory lengthening rule /a/ (patakh) to /o/ (qamatz), /i/ (khiriq) to /e/ (tzere), /u/ (qubbutz) to /ø/ (holam) is consistently observed before an underlying geminate /ʔ/ (aleph or ayin) and /r/ in morphologically geminate forms such as ''piʕel'' verbs.
+**In particular, the definite article is usually ''ha'', but always ''ho'' before Revived phonemes /ʔ r/.
+*The /ʔu-/ allomorph for ו 'and' may be used hypercorrectly. In normative Hebrew this allomorph is only found before labials and C + shva where C != yud.
+==Vertlandic==
+Vertlandic Jews (called "Sephardim" in-universe) have the following features:
+*begadkefat acts on /b d k p/ → /v ð x f/
+*glottal reinforcement before tet, tsadi, and kuf
+*segol = ə, pataħ = QG = a, tsere = əy, ħolam = əw, ħiriq = i, QQ = shuruq = u
+==Sample (Dror Yikra)==
+{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=""
+! style="width: 200px;" | Hebrew !! style="width: 300px;" | Standard
+!! style="width: 300px;" | [[Judeo-Gaelic]]
+!! style="width: 300px;" | Vertlandic
+|-
+||
+<poem>
+{{Hebpara|דְּרוֹר יִקְרָא לְבֵן עִם בַּת
+וְיִנְצָרְכֶם כְּמוֹ בָבַת
+נְעִים שִׁמְכֶם וְלֹא יֻשְׁבַּת
+שְׁבוּ נוּחוּ בְּיוֹם שַׁבָּת
+דְּרוֹשׁ נָוִי וְאוּלָמִי
+וְאוֹת יֶשַׁע עֲשֵׂה עִמִּי
+נְטַע שׂוֹרֵק בְּתוֹךְ כַּרְמִי
+שְׁעֵה שַׁוְעַת בְּנֵי עַמִּי
+דְּרוֹךְ פּוּרָה בְּתוֹךְ בָּצְרָה
+וְגַם בָּבֶל אֲשֶׁר גָּבְרָה
+נְתוֹץ צָרַי בְּאַף וְעֶבְרָה
+שְׁמַע קוֹלִי בְּיוֹם אֶקְרָא
+אֱלֹקים תֵּן בַּמִּדְבָּר הַר
+הֲדַס שִׁטָּה בְּרוֹשׁ תִּדְהָר
+וְלַמַּזְהִיר וְלַנִּזְהָר
+שְׁלוֹמִים תֵּן כְּמֵי נָהָר
+הֲדוֹךְ קָמַי חַי אֵל קַנָּא
+בְּמוֹג לֵבָב וּבִמְגִנָּה
+וְנַרְחִיב פֶּה וּנְמַלֶּאנָּה
+לְשׁוֹנֵנוּ לְךָ רִנָּה
+דְּעֵה חָכְמָה לְנַפְשֶׁךָ
+וְהִיא כֶתֶר לְרֹאשֶׁךָ
+נְצוֹר מִצְוַת קְדֹשֶׁךָ
+שְׁמוֹר שַׁבָּת קָדְשֶׁךָ
+}}
+</poem>
+||
+<poem>
+[dɹœɹ jiʔˈkɹɔ ləˈvɛn (ʔ)im bas]
+[vəjinʔtsɔɹˈχɛm kmø vɔˈvas]
+[nəˈ(ʔ)im ʃimˈχɛm vəˈlø juʃˈbas]
+[ʃvu nuˈχu bəˈjøm ʃaˈbɔs]
+[dɹøʃ nɔˈvi və(ʔ)ulɔˈmi]
+[vəˈ(ʔ)øs ˈjɛʃa (ʔ)aˈsɛ (ʔ)iˈmi]
+[nəʔˈta søˈɹɛʔk bəˈsœχ kaɹˈmi]
+[ʃəˈ(ʔ)e ʃavˈ(ʔ)as bnɛ (ʔ)aˈmi]
+[dɹœχ pʊəˈɹɔ bəˈsɔx bɔʔtsˈɹɔ]
+[vəˈgam bɔˈvɛl (ʔ)aˈʃɛɹ gɔvˈɹɔ]
+[nəˈsøʔts tsɔˈɹaj bəˈ(ʔ)af və(ʔ)ɛvˈɹɔ]
+[ʃma køˈli bəˈjøm (ʔ)ɛʔkˈɹɔ]
+[ʔɛløʔˈkim tɛn bamidˈbɔɹ haɹ]
+[haˈdas ʃiʔˈtɔ bəˈɹøʃ tidˈɦɔɹ]
+[vəlamazˈɦiɹ vəlanizˈɦɔɹ]
+[ʃløˈmim tɛn kəˈmɛ nɔˈhɔɹ]
+[həˈdœχ kɔˈmaj χaj ʔɛl kaˈnɔ]
+[bəˈmøg lɛˈvɔv uvimgiˈnɔ]
+[vənaɹˈχiv pɛ unmaˈlɛnɔ]
+[ləʃøˈnɛnu ləˈχɔ ɹiˈnɔ]
+[dəˈ(ʔ)ɛ χoχˈmo lənafˈʃɛχo]
+[vəˈhi ˈχɛsɛɹ ləɹøˈʃɛχo]
+[nəʔˈtsœɹ miʔtsˈvas kdøˈʃɛχo]
+[ʃmœɹ ʃaˈbos kodˈʃɛχo]
+</poem>
+||
+<poem>
+[dəˈɾuɾ jiˈkʰɹo ləˈveən ʔim bas]
+[vəjintsoɾˈχem kʰəmu voˈvas]
+[nəˈʔim ʃimˈχem wəˈlu jɨʃˈbas]
+[ʃəˈvɨ nɨˈχɨ bəˈjum ʃaˈbos]
+[dəˈɾuʃ noˈvi vəʔɨloˈmi]
+[vəˈʔus ˈjeʃa ʔaˈseə ʔiˈmi]
+[nəˈtʰa suˈɾeək bəˈsuχ kʰaɾˈmi]
+[ʃəˈʔeə ʃavˈʔas bəneə ʔaˈmi]
+[dəˈɾuχ pɨˈɾo bəˈsuχ botsˈɾo]
+[vəˈɣam boˈveəl ʔaˈʃeɾ govˈɾo]
+[nəˈsuts tsoˈɾaj bəˈʔaf vəʔevˈɾo]
+[ʃəma kuˈli bəˈjum ʔekˈɾo]
+[ʔeluˈkim teən bamidˈboɾ haɾ]
+[haˈdas ʃiˈto bəɾuʃ tidˈɦoɾ]
+[vəlamaʒˈɦiɾ vəlaniʒˈɦoɾ]
+[ʃəluˈmim teən kʰəˈmeə noˈhoɾ]
+[həˈduχ koˈmaj χaj ʔeəl kaˈno]
+[bəˈmuɣ leəˈvov ɨvimɣiˈno]
+[vənaɾˈχiv peə ɨnmaˈleno]
+[ləʃuˈneənɨ ləˈχo ɾiˈno]
+[dəˈʔeə χoχˈmo lənafˈʃeχo]
+[vəˈhi ˈχeseɾ ləɾuˈʃeχo]
+[nəˈtsuɾ mitsˈvas kəduˈʃexo]
+[ʃəˈmuɾ ʃaˈbas kodˈʃexo]
+</poem>
+||
+<poem>
+[dəˈrəwr jiʔˈkra ləˈvəjn ʕim bat]
+[wəjinʔtsurˈxəm kəməw vaˈvat]
+[nəˈʕim ʃimˈxəm wəˈləw juʃˈbat]
+[ʃəvu nuˈħu bəˈjəwm ʃabˈbat]
+[dəˈrəwʃ naˈwi wəʔulaˈmi]
+[wəˈʔəwt ˈjəʃaʕ ʕɐˈsəj ʕimˈmi]
+[nəʔˈtaʕ səwˈrəjʔk bəˈtəwx karˈmi]
+[ʃəˈʕəj ʃəwˈʕat bənəj ʕamˈmi]
+[dəˈrəwx puˈra bəˈtəwx buʔtsˈra]
+[wəˈgam baˈvəjl ʔaˈʃər gavˈra]
+[nəˈtəwʔts tsaˈraj bəˈʔaf wɐʕɐvˈra]
+[ʃəˈmɐʕ kəwˈli bəˈjəwm ʔəʔkˈra]
+[ʔələwʔˈkim təjn bammiðˈbar har]
+[haˈðas ʃiʔtˈta bərəwʃ tiðˈɦar]
+[wəlammazˈɦir wəlannizˈɦar]
+[ʃələwˈmim təjn kəˈməj naˈhar]
+[həˈðəwx kaˈməj ħaj ʔəjl kanˈna]
+[bəˈməwg ləjˈvav ʔuvimginˈna]
+[wənarˈħiv pə ʔunmalˈlənna]
+[ləʃəwˈnəjnu ləˈxa rinˈna]
+[dəˈʕəj ħuxˈma lənafˈʃəxa]
+[wəˈhi ˈxətər lərəwˈʃəxa]
+[nəʔˈtsəwr miʔtsˈwat kəðəwˈʃəxa]
+[ʃəˈməwɾ ʃabˈbat kuðˈʃəxa]
+</poem>
+|}