Nostratic: Difference between revisions

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'''~~Indo-Semito-Camalic''', sometimes referred to as~~ '''~~Noahic''',~~ is a proposed family conjectured by some [[Verse:Lõis|Lõisian]] linguists, including the Indo-European, Semitic, Egyptian and [[Camalic]] languages.

'''Nostratic''' is a proposed family conjectured by some [[Verse:Lõis|Lõisian]] linguists, including the Indo-European, Uralic, Inuit, Paleosiberian, [[Siészal]], Semitic, Egyptian and [[Camalic]] languages.

~~A comprehensive Proto-Indo-Semito-Camalic grammar, including a few fables, was sketched by the linguist and doctor [name]. He also proposed two older macrofamilies linking:~~

==Todo==

*Paleo-Iranian languages, Corded Ware languages and Harappan ("Paleoborean"); and

*Sumerian, Tbaic and ~~South Indian languages ("Austric").~~

Reintroduce Nostratic and Uralic?

~~Though they are not taken seriously by contemporary linguists, they influenced [conlanger]'s Elvish languages.~~

==Phonology==

~~Two~~ series of stops (a third, ejective series was created from clusters ~~with glottal stops)~~

Proto-Noahic had two series of stops. A third, ejective series was created in IE and Semitic from stop clusters; but in Proto-Camalic those clusters resulted in stød.

==Grammar==

Proto-~~Indo-Semito-Camalic~~ didn't have grammatical gender; gender evolved separately in the three branches.

Proto-Noahic didn't have grammatical gender; gender evolved separately in the three branches.

Verbs had prefix conjugations and suffix conjugations like PSem or Lõisian PIE.

Proto-Noahic had a basic ablaut system (possibly based on Schwebeablaut), and ablaut evolved further in IE, Egypto-Semitic, and Camalic.

==Proposed roots==

*1st person *n

*1st person *m/n

*1st person *ʔ (PIE *h₁eg'Hom ~ PSem *ʔ- 1sg prefix)

*2nd person *t

*demonstrative/~~relativizer~~ *s (PIE só/swe; PSem *šuʔa)

*demonstrative/reflexive *s ~ sw (PIE só/swe; PSem *šuʔa 'he', √š-w-y 'equal'; Egy swt, -s; PUral *se)

*adverbial -m (PIE acc. sg. *-m, PSem "adverbial acc." *-am)

*demonstrative *D (PIE *tód, Semitic *ðū; PUral *to)

*interrogative/"like" *k ~ kw (PIE *kʷód 'what', *-kʷe 'and'; Semitic *ka- 'like'; PUral *ku)

*relativizer *y ~ genitive/adjectival *-i (IE: *yos/*-yo-; Semitic: genitive *-i, nisba *-iyy-)

*demonstrative *D (PIE *tód, Semitic *ðū)

*causative *-y- (PIE *-éyeti, Semitic root extensions with 3rd root letter *y)

*nominalizer *-t (PIE *-tís/-tús, Semitic feminine *-t)

*ablative/nominalizer *-t (PIE *-tís/-tús, Semitic feminine *-t)

*ISC *med ~ medʔ -> *PIE *med- 'to measure' ~ PSem *m-d-d 'to measure'

*ISC *widq -> *PIE *weyd- 'to see' ~ PSem *(y/w)-d-ʕ 'to know'

*ISC *sek ~ sekw ~ seky -> *PIE *sekʷ- 'to see' ~ PSem *s-k-y 'to foresee'

*ISC *x̣iw -> *PIE *h₂yew- 'to live' ~ PSem *ħ-y-w 'to live'

*ISC *wer ~ werʔ -> *PIE *wer- 'to fear' ~ PSem *(y/w)-r-ʔ 'to fear'

*ISC *wer ~ werʔ -> *PIE *wer- 'to fear' ~ PSem *y/w-r-ʔ 'to fear'

*ISC *kʔum -> *PIE *gʷem- 'to come' ~ PSem *q-(w)-m 'to rise'

*ISC *buʔ -> *PIE *bʰuH- 'to be' ~ PSem *b-(w)-ʔ 'to come'

*ISC *ʔil -> *PIE *h₁el- 'deer, elk' ~ PSem *ʔayyal- 'stag, hart'

*PIE *táwros 'bull' ~ PSem *θawr-

*ISC *θawr -> PIE *táwros 'bull' ~ PSem *θawr-

*ISC *ɣel -> *PIE *h₂el- 'grow, nourish; beyond, other' ~ PSem *ʕalay 'upon', *ʕ-l-y 'to rise'

*PIE *~~sweḱs~~ '6' ~ PSem *~~šidþ~~-

*ISC *sebɣ -> PIE *septṃ '7' ~ PSem *šabʕ- ~ Eg. sfḫw

*PIE *~~septṃ~~ '7' ~ PSem *~~šabʕ~~-

*ISC *men -> PIE *men 'to think, to warn, to mind' ~ PSem *m-n-ʕ 'to avoid, to prevent', *m-n-w 'to count'

*ISC *berg -> PIE *bhergh ~ PSem *b-r-g

==Sound correspondences==

*PIE h₁/y ~ PSem y (e.g. ~~dual -oh₁ in PIE ~ -aym in PSem,~~ PIE *h₁es ~ PSem *yiθ, PIE *h₁oynos originally from a 3sg pronoun ~ PSem *ya- 3sg prefix)

*PIE h₁/y ~ PSem y (e.g. PIE *h₁es ~ PSem *yiθ, PIE *h₁oynos originally from a 3sg pronoun ~ PSem *ya- 3sg prefix)

*PIE h₂ ~ PSem ħ/ʕ

*PIE h₁ ~ PSem ʔ

[[Category:Linguistic theories]]

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-'''Indo-Semito-Camalic''', sometimes referred to as '''Noahic''', is a proposed family conjectured by some [[Verse:Lõis|Lõisian]] linguists, including the Indo-European, Semitic, Egyptian and [[Camalic]] languages.
+'''Nostratic''' is a proposed family conjectured by some [[Verse:Lõis|Lõisian]] linguists, including the Indo-European, Uralic, Inuit, Paleosiberian, [[Siészal]], Semitic, Egyptian and [[Camalic]] languages.
-A comprehensive Proto-Indo-Semito-Camalic grammar, including a few fables, was sketched by the linguist and doctor [name]. He also proposed two older macrofamilies linking:
+==Todo==
-*Paleo-Iranian languages, Corded Ware languages and Harappan ("Paleoborean"); and
-*Sumerian, Tbaic and South Indian languages ("Austric").
+Reintroduce Nostratic and Uralic?
-Though they are not taken seriously by contemporary linguists, they influenced [conlanger]'s Elvish languages.
 ==Phonology==
-Two series of stops (a third, ejective series was created from clusters with glottal stops)
+Proto-Noahic had two series of stops. A third, ejective series was created in IE and Semitic from stop clusters; but in Proto-Camalic those clusters resulted in stød.
 ==Grammar==
-Proto-Indo-Semito-Camalic didn't have grammatical gender; gender evolved separately in the three branches.
+Proto-Noahic didn't have grammatical gender; gender evolved separately in the three branches.
 Verbs had prefix conjugations and suffix conjugations like PSem or Lõisian PIE.
+Proto-Noahic had a basic ablaut system (possibly based on Schwebeablaut), and ablaut evolved further in IE, Egypto-Semitic, and Camalic.
 ==Proposed roots==
-*1st person *n
+*1st person *m/n
+*1st person *ʔ (PIE *h₁eg'Hom ~ PSem *ʔ- 1sg prefix)
 *2nd person *t
-*demonstrative/relativizer *s (PIE só/swe; PSem *šuʔa)
+*demonstrative/reflexive *s ~ sw (PIE só/swe; PSem *šuʔa 'he', √š-w-y 'equal'; Egy swt, -s; PUral *se)
+*adverbial -m (PIE acc. sg. *-m, PSem "adverbial acc." *-am)
+*demonstrative *D (PIE *tód, Semitic *ðū; PUral *to)
+*interrogative/"like" *k ~ kw (PIE *kʷód 'what', *-kʷe 'and'; Semitic *ka- 'like'; PUral *ku)
 *relativizer *y ~ genitive/adjectival *-i (IE: *yos/*-yo-; Semitic: genitive *-i, nisba *-iyy-)
-*demonstrative *D (PIE *tód, Semitic *ðū)
 *causative *-y- (PIE *-éyeti, Semitic root extensions with 3rd root letter *y)
-*nominalizer *-t (PIE *-tís/-tús, Semitic feminine *-t)
+*ablative/nominalizer *-t (PIE *-tís/-tús, Semitic feminine *-t)
 *ISC *med ~ medʔ -> *PIE *med- 'to measure' ~ PSem *m-d-d 'to measure'
 *ISC *widq -> *PIE *weyd- 'to see' ~ PSem *(y/w)-d-ʕ 'to know'
 *ISC *sek ~ sekw ~ seky -> *PIE *sekʷ- 'to see' ~ PSem *s-k-y 'to foresee'
 *ISC *x̣iw -> *PIE *h₂yew- 'to live' ~ PSem *ħ-y-w 'to live'
-*ISC *wer ~ werʔ -> *PIE *wer- 'to fear' ~ PSem *(y/w)-r-ʔ 'to fear'
+*ISC *wer ~ werʔ -> *PIE *wer- 'to fear' ~ PSem *y/w-r-ʔ 'to fear'
 *ISC *kʔum -> *PIE *gʷem- 'to come' ~ PSem *q-(w)-m 'to rise'
 *ISC *buʔ -> *PIE *bʰuH- 'to be' ~ PSem *b-(w)-ʔ 'to come'
 *ISC *ʔil -> *PIE *h₁el- 'deer, elk' ~ PSem *ʔayyal- 'stag, hart'
-*PIE *táwros 'bull' ~ PSem *θawr-
+*ISC *θawr -> PIE *táwros 'bull' ~ PSem *θawr-
 *ISC *ɣel -> *PIE *h₂el- 'grow, nourish; beyond, other' ~ PSem *ʕalay 'upon', *ʕ-l-y 'to rise'
-*PIE *sweḱs '6' ~ PSem *šidþ-
+*ISC *sebɣ -> PIE *septṃ '7' ~ PSem *šabʕ- ~ Eg. sfḫw
-*PIE *septṃ '7' ~ PSem *šabʕ-
+*ISC *men -> PIE *men 'to think, to warn, to mind' ~ PSem *m-n-ʕ 'to avoid, to prevent', *m-n-w 'to count'
+*ISC *berg -> PIE *bhergh ~ PSem *b-r-g
 ==Sound correspondences==
-*PIE h₁/y ~ PSem y (e.g. dual -oh₁ in PIE ~ -aym in PSem, PIE *h₁es ~ PSem *yiθ, PIE *h₁oynos originally from a 3sg pronoun ~ PSem *ya- 3sg prefix)
+*PIE h₁/y ~ PSem y (e.g. PIE *h₁es ~ PSem *yiθ, PIE *h₁oynos originally from a 3sg pronoun ~ PSem *ya- 3sg prefix)
+*PIE h₂ ~ PSem ħ/ʕ
+*PIE h₁ ~ PSem ʔ
 [[Category:Linguistic theories]]