Verse:Mwtqwlqwj/Flei: Difference between revisions

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The '''Corded Ware languages''' in [[Verse:Lõis|Lõis]] (temporary name) are a paleo-European (pre-Indo-European) language family spoken in much of Europe. The family's Urheimat is usually regarded to be somewhere in Central and Eastern Europe, where corded ware artifacts have been found. This article will document the Proto-Corded Ware language.

~~See also~~ the ~~[[Baden languages]].~~

'''Flei''' (exonym?) is the most morphologically conservative extant Akya-Woms language.

~~==Gibberish==~~

~~Kuttëpëy calkatërru þamexiþe qëpaynë ërawu? Ikwëntimfë saru þallëni walqësami. Eyeta punqisa tënsali arru iyessakacwipu mixtëcrripë~~. ~~Uþþisu parrë wenkë tërrëmënë ikkartëxu nalkëfalë. Amaftulë qarratkëþi faytunþupilë camëxaþë, þiyumpësa tumlekucë maqquþëne nëpiwa! Ispullefë hara fanhussë teyihu?~~

~~==Phonology==~~

Premise: What if a syllable-timed tonal language

*Stops: ~~'''p t c k q''' /p t tʂ~c k q/~~

* syncoped and became an Old Irish-esque liturgical language

*~~Fricatives: '''f þ s x h''' /f θ s ʂ~ɧ h/~~

* it develops a Tiberian Hebrew-like reading tradition which changes the original phonology a lot

*~~Resonants: '''m n l rr r w y''' /m n l r ɹ w j/~~

* and gets revived from a secondary reading derived from that

*~~Vowels: '''~~a ~~e i u ë''' /ä e i u ə/~~

===~~Stress~~===

Use for some sort of critique

~~Proto~~-~~Corded Ware~~ had ~~no strong~~ stress.

== Morphology ==

=== Nouns ===

Nouns fall into 3 genders (human, animate and inanimate) and inflect for number (sg, du, pl) and case (abs erg gen lat loc voc). Possessed forms have unpredictable stems and comes from proto-forms that had a different stress pattern than absolute forms. The appropriate 3rd person possessed forms are used like construct state forms in possessive constructions.

~~===Phonotactics===~~

The locative is used with prepositions to indicate location and is the default prepositional case; when the lative is used the same prepositions indicate destination, and when the ergative is used they indicate "motion from".

~~Only slightly less restrictive than Tamil~~; ~~more restrictive than Latin~~

~~Proto~~-~~CW often added enunciative vowels to words ending in consonants, so for example~~ ''*~~isqal~~'' '~~child~~ (~~nom.~~)' ~~often became~~ ''*~~isqallë~~''.

article nă + various mutations (also relativizer)

==== Possessive prefixes ====

===== Type 1 possession =====

Type 1 possession is somewhat like inalienable possession. It is marked by adding possessive prefixes to the ''dependent'' form of the noun.

* sèmpèlàrán > sệplă-N 'body'

* hísèmpèlàrán > isplăr-N 'my body'

* lusèmpèlàrán > lùsplăr-N 'thy body'

* àsèmpèlàrán > àsplăr-N (animate)

* ànsèmpèlàrán > àsplăr-N (inanimate)

* láhisèmpèlàrán > lisplăr-N 'our body'

* númasèmpèlàrán > nosplăr-N 'your body'

* àlsèmpèlàrán > àlsplăr-N '3pl's body'

==~~Grammar~~==

===== Type 2 posssession =====

*SVO or SOV

Type 2 possession is the default possessive strategy. It is marked by adding possessive prefixes to the ''independent'' form of the noun.

*cases and Suffixaufnahme; not Altaic

*stem changes in nouns (like Uralic)

*polypersonal verbs

*aspect rather than tense

*mood inflections for verbs

===~~Nouns~~===

=== Adjectives ===

~~Corded Ware had suffixes for noun cases; however there was no separate accusative case.~~

Adjectives agree with nouns, def adjectives take the def article (bc Hebrew)

~~Plurals were often (usually?) marked by stem change.~~

=== Verbs ===

Old Irish-style independent-dependent verbal allomorphy, which includes tone changes

~~Declension of~~ ''*isqal'' = child

P{{PAGENAME}} rò.mátse, láh.ràmátse '3sg saves, 3sg does not save' --> ră:más, la:hrảmhăs

*nominative: ''~~isqal~~(lë)'', ''~~esqal~~(lë)''

productive redup

*genitive: ''~~isqalef~~'', ''~~esqalef~~''

==== Inflection ====

Present tense forms of ''să·kumʰa'' '3sg remembers':

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! Person !! Primitive {{PAGENAME}} !! Underlying form !! {{PAGENAME}} surface form

|-

| 1SG || ''so.kúmpa-sa-t(í), .sòkúmpa-sa-t(í)'' || ''să·kommpṡẻ, ·sủgmbẻ'' || ''să·kumʰẻ, ·sủmmẻ''

|-

| 2SG || ''so·kúmpa-sa-ŋ(u), ·sòkúmpa-sa-ŋ(u)'' || ''să·kommpṡəŋ, ·sủgmbəŋ'' || ''să·kumʰụ, ·sủmmụ''

|-

| 3SG || ''so·kúmpa-sáse, ·sòkúmpa-sáse'' || ''să·kommpṡa, ·sủgmba'' || ''să·kumʰa, ·sủmma''

|-

| 1PL || ''so·kúmpa-sa-lehi, ·sòkúmpa-sa-lehi'' || ''să·kommpṡlə̣j, ·sủgmblə̣j'' || ''să·kumʰlị, ·sủmlị''

|-

| 2PL || ''so·kúmpa-sa-numa, ·sòkúmpa-sa-numa'' || ''să·kommpṡnăm, ·sủgmbnăm'' || ''să·kumʰnăm, ·sủmnăm''

|-

| 3PL || ''so·kúmpa-sa-ro, ·sòkúmpa-sa-ro'' || ''să·kommpṡər, ·sủgmbər'' || ''să·kumʰăr, ·sủmmăr''

|}

~~===Verbs===~~

[[Category:Angai]]

[[Category:~~Lõis]][[Category:Language families~~]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-The '''Corded Ware languages''' in [[Verse:Lõis|Lõis]] (temporary name) are a paleo-European (pre-Indo-European) language family spoken in much of Europe. The family's Urheimat is usually regarded to be somewhere in Central and Eastern Europe, where corded ware artifacts have been found. This article will document the Proto-Corded Ware language.
+{{list subpages}}
-See also the [[Baden languages]].
+'''Flei''' (exonym?) is the most morphologically conservative extant Akya-Woms language.
-==Gibberish==
-Kuttëpëy calkatërru þamexiþe qëpaynë ërawu? Ikwëntimfë saru þallëni walqësami. Eyeta punqisa tënsali arru iyessakacwipu mixtëcrripë. Uþþisu parrë wenkë tërrëmënë ikkartëxu nalkëfalë. Amaftulë qarratkëþi faytunþupilë camëxaþë, þiyumpësa tumlekucë maqquþëne nëpiwa! Ispullefë hara fanhussë teyihu?
-==Phonology==
+Premise: What if a syllable-timed tonal language
-*Stops: '''p t c k q''' /p t tʂ~c k q/
+* syncoped and became an Old Irish-esque liturgical language
-*Fricatives: '''f þ s x h''' /f θ s ʂ~ɧ h/
+* it develops a Tiberian Hebrew-like reading tradition which changes the original phonology a lot
-*Resonants: '''m n l rr r w y''' /m n l r ɹ w j/
+* and gets revived from a secondary reading derived from that
-*Vowels: '''a e i u ë''' /ä e i u ə/
-===Stress===
+Use for some sort of critique
-Proto-Corded Ware had no strong stress.
+== Morphology ==
+=== Nouns ===
+Nouns fall into 3 genders (human, animate and inanimate) and inflect for number (sg, du, pl) and case (abs erg gen lat loc voc). Possessed forms have unpredictable stems and comes from proto-forms that had a different stress pattern than absolute forms. The appropriate 3rd person possessed forms are used like construct state forms in possessive constructions.
-===Phonotactics===
+The locative is used with prepositions to indicate location and is the default prepositional case; when the lative is used the same prepositions indicate destination, and when the ergative is used they indicate "motion from".
-Only slightly less restrictive than Tamil; more restrictive than Latin
-Proto-CW often added enunciative vowels to words ending in consonants, so for example ''*isqal'' 'child (nom.)' often became ''*isqallë''.
+article nă + various mutations (also relativizer)
+==== Possessive prefixes ====
+===== Type 1 possession =====
+Type 1 possession is somewhat like inalienable possession. It is marked by adding possessive prefixes to the ''dependent'' form of the noun.
+* sèmpèlàrán > sệplă-N 'body'
+* hísèmpèlàrán > isplăr-N 'my body'
+* lusèmpèlàrán > lùsplăr-N 'thy body'
+* àsèmpèlàrán > àsplăr-N (animate)
+* ànsèmpèlàrán > àsplăr-N (inanimate)
+* láhisèmpèlàrán > lisplăr-N 'our body'
+* númasèmpèlàrán > nosplăr-N 'your body'
+* àlsèmpèlàrán > àlsplăr-N '3pl's body'
-==Grammar==
+===== Type 2 posssession =====
-*SVO or SOV
+Type 2 possession is the default possessive strategy. It is marked by adding possessive prefixes to the ''independent'' form of the noun.
-*cases and Suffixaufnahme; not Altaic
-*stem changes in nouns (like Uralic)
-*polypersonal verbs
-*aspect rather than tense
-*mood inflections for verbs
-===Nouns===
+=== Adjectives ===
-Corded Ware had suffixes for noun cases; however there was no separate accusative case.
+Adjectives agree with nouns, def adjectives take the def article (bc Hebrew)
-Plurals were often (usually?) marked by stem change.
+=== Verbs ===
+Old Irish-style independent-dependent verbal allomorphy, which includes tone changes
-Declension of ''*isqal'' = child
+P{{PAGENAME}} rò.mátse, láh.ràmátse '3sg saves, 3sg does not save' --> ră:más, la:hrảmhăs
-*nominative: ''isqal(lë)'', ''esqal(lë)''
+productive redup
-*genitive: ''isqalef'', ''esqalef''
+==== Inflection ====
+Present tense forms of ''să·kumʰa'' '3sg remembers':
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! Person  !! Primitive {{PAGENAME}} !! Underlying form !! {{PAGENAME}} surface form
+|-
+| 1SG || ''so.kúmpa-sa-t(í), .sòkúmpa-sa-t(í)'' || ''să·kommpṡẻ, ·sủgmbẻ'' || ''să·kumʰẻ, ·sủmmẻ''
+|-
+| 2SG || ''so·kúmpa-sa-ŋ(u), ·sòkúmpa-sa-ŋ(u)'' || ''să·kommpṡəŋ, ·sủgmbəŋ'' || ''să·kumʰụ, ·sủmmụ''
+|-
+| 3SG || ''so·kúmpa-sáse, ·sòkúmpa-sáse'' || ''să·kommpṡa, ·sủgmba'' || ''să·kumʰa, ·sủmma''
+|-
+| 1PL || ''so·kúmpa-sa-lehi, ·sòkúmpa-sa-lehi'' || ''să·kommpṡlə̣j, ·sủgmblə̣j'' || ''să·kumʰlị, ·sủmlị''
+|-
+| 2PL || ''so·kúmpa-sa-numa, ·sòkúmpa-sa-numa'' || ''să·kommpṡnăm, ·sủgmbnăm'' || ''să·kumʰnăm, ·sủmnăm''
+|-
+| 3PL || ''so·kúmpa-sa-ro, ·sòkúmpa-sa-ro'' || ''să·kommpṡər, ·sủgmbər'' || ''să·kumʰăr, ·sủmmăr''
+|}
-===Verbs===
+[[Category:Angai]]
-[[Category:Lõis]][[Category:Language families]]