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:[[Ciêng/Lexicon]]
'''Qocwane''' (''Qocwanet vŷŷxxŷcê'') is the official language of Qocwane, located in our timeline's Hungary. It is inspired by Finnish, Wakashan languages, Salishan languages, and Nuosu.
:[[Ciêng/Swadesh list]]


'''Ciêng''' (''KEE-əng''; natively: /kīəŋ/, [[Windermere]]: ''Cieng'') is a tonal [[Ashanic languages|Ashanic]] language spoken in Tumhan, inspired by Vietnamese, English and Welsh. ("What if Vietnamese were rhotic?") It is closely related to [[Windermere/Classical|Classical Windermere]] but is not a direct descendant of it.
== Phonology ==
==Diachronics==
=== Suprasegmentals ===
TODO: cluster reflexes
Qocwane prosody is almost the same as Finnish; stress always falls on the first syllable.
=== Consonants ===
* /m n l ʋ j w/ '''m n l v j w'''
* /p t ts tɬ k kʷ ʔ/ '''p t z x c cw q'''
* /f s ɬ x xʷ h/ '''f s ł ç çw h'''
/k x/ palatalize in words with ATR harmony and may uvularize in words with RTR harmony.


Waaay before Grimm's law, thus b p were still voiced and tenuis stops > p + low resp. high tone classes
'''mm nn ll vv jj ww pp tt zz xx cc ccw qq''' are the only allowed geminates in native words.


Khmmerization BEFORE tone split
=== Vowels ===
Qocwane has 8 vowel qualities, all with vowel length.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
!rowspan=2 colspan=2|
! scope="col" rowspan=2 | Front
! scope="col" colspan=2 | Non-front
|-
! scope="col" | <small>unrounded</small>
! scope="col" | <small>rounded</small>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=2 | Syllabic<br />consonant
! scope="row" | <small>loose</small>
|
| z̩ '''ŷ'''
|
|-
! scope="row" | <small>tight</small>
|
| z̠̩ '''y'''
|
|-
! scope="row" | Close
! scope="row" | <small>loose</small>
| i{{lowered}} '''ê'''
| ə{{adv}} '''â'''
| u{{lowered}} '''ô'''
|-
! Open-mid
! rowspan="2" |<small>tight</small>
| ɛ '''e'''
|
| ɔ '''o'''
|-
! scope="row" | Open
|
| ɑ '''a'''
|
|}


Numbers: thon, rhã, ziêu, chôi, mượr, tảy
Qocwane has loose/tight vowel harmony:
* loose: '''ŷ ŵ ê â ô'''
* tight: '''y w e a o'''


whếp = light
Diphthongs: '''ea êâ oa ôâ ae âê ao âô'''


whì = dust
'''â(â)''' /ə(:)/ is realized as [œ(:)] when stressed.


Rhìa whươn mì Whền Whết = I live in Whehli (means something different with different tones)
''oa'' is often realized as [ɔ:]


lieb "to put" ~ lliệm
<!--The syllabic consonants y(r) u(r) are essentially the usual Sinological vowels ɿ ʮ, so ⟨y⟩ can be identified with the vowel of the Mandarin 四 sì "four", but they have diverse realizations. Y(r) completely assimilates to a preceding coronal except in voice, e.g. /ɕz̩˨˩/ [ɕʑ̩˨˩] ꑮ xyp "to marry", and is [m͡l̩] after a labial nasal, e.g. /m̥z̩˧sz̩˧/ [m̥m͡l̩˧sɹ̩˧] ꂪꌦ hmy sy "cloth". U(r) assimilates similarly after laterals, retaining its rounding, e.g. /l̥v̩ʷ˧/ [l̥l̩ʷ˧] ꆭ hlu "to stir-fry", and is [m̩ʷ] after a labial nasal, e.g. /m̥v̩ʷ˧/ [m̥m̩ʷ˧] ꂥ hmu "mushroom"; moreover it induces a labially trilled release of preceding labial or alveolar stops, e.g. /ⁿdv̩ʷ˨˩/ [ⁿdʙβ̩˨˩] ꅥ ndup "to hit". -->


dưan tlẹ = to thank in Ciêng?
== Morphophonology ==
Qocwane words participate in consonant gradation:


tlẹ could be cognate to tănlea "to refuse", dưan is cognate to Windermere şän
strong -> weak
* geminates -> nongeminates
* p -> f
* f -> v
* t -> ł
* ł -> l
* z -> s
* s -> h
* x -> ł
* c -> ç
* cw -> çw
* ç -> j
* çw -> w
* q -> 0


chổi = reflexive pronoun
== Grammar ==
Finnic-like
=== Nouns ===
8 to 10 cases, normal nom-acc alignment


thỏi = learn (~ snoach)
TODO
[weak grade]-l = nom pl
[weak grade]-t = gen sg


rêng = net


truồng = long
naaqe 'human’, naaet 'human-GEN’, naael 'human-PL'
 
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
'''m n nr ng''' /m n (retro n) ŋ/
 
'''p t tr tl c qu''' /p t tʂ tl k kw ʔ/ (/ʔ/ not written)
 
'''ph th ch wh''' /f θ χ χw/
 
'''z s rh ll h''' /s ʃ ʂ~r̥ ɬ h/
 
'''tz ts''' /ts tʃ/
 
'''r l d''' /r l j/
 
===Vowels===
'''ă a â e ê i o ô u ư ao eo êu aư ai oi ôi ia/iê iêu ua/uô uôi ươi ăr ar er ir or ur âr''' /a ɑ: ɜ ɛ e~ɪ~ɛɪ i~ɪj ɔ o~əʏ u: ɨ: aʊ ɛʊ eʊ aʏ aɪ ɔɪ oɪ iə iəw uə uəj æɹ ɒɹ eɹ iɹ oɹ oɹ əɹ/
 
===Tones===
6 tones of Viet

Latest revision as of 10:41, 24 June 2025

Qocwane (Qocwanet vŷŷxxŷcê) is the official language of Qocwane, located in our timeline's Hungary. It is inspired by Finnish, Wakashan languages, Salishan languages, and Nuosu.

Phonology

Suprasegmentals

Qocwane prosody is almost the same as Finnish; stress always falls on the first syllable.

Consonants

  • /m n l ʋ j w/ m n l v j w
  • /p t ts tɬ k kʷ ʔ/ p t z x c cw q
  • /f s ɬ x xʷ h/ f s ł ç çw h

/k x/ palatalize in words with ATR harmony and may uvularize in words with RTR harmony.

mm nn ll vv jj ww pp tt zz xx cc ccw qq are the only allowed geminates in native words.

Vowels

Qocwane has 8 vowel qualities, all with vowel length.

Front Non-front
unrounded rounded
Syllabic
consonant 		loose z̩ ŷ
tight z̠̩ y
Close loose i̞ ê ə̟ â u̞ ô
Open-mid tight ɛ e ɔ o
Open ɑ a

Qocwane has loose/tight vowel harmony:

  • loose: ŷ ŵ ê â ô
  • tight: y w e a o

Diphthongs: ea êâ oa ôâ ae âê ao âô

â(â) /ə(:)/ is realized as [œ(:)] when stressed.

oa is often realized as [ɔ:]


Morphophonology

Qocwane words participate in consonant gradation:

strong -> weak

  • geminates -> nongeminates
  • p -> f
  • f -> v
  • t -> ł
  • ł -> l
  • z -> s
  • s -> h
  • x -> ł
  • c -> ç
  • cw -> çw
  • ç -> j
  • çw -> w
  • q -> 0

Grammar

Finnic-like

Nouns

8 to 10 cases, normal nom-acc alignment

TODO [weak grade]-l = nom pl [weak grade]-t = gen sg


naaqe 'human’, naaet 'human-GEN’, naael 'human-PL'

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