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| '''Ciêng''' (''KEE-əng''; natively: /kīəŋ/, [[Windermere]]: ''Cieng'') is a tonal [[Ashanic languages|Ashanic]] language spoken in Tumhan, inspired by Vietnamese, English and Welsh. ("What if Vietnamese were rhotic?") It is closely related to [[Windermere/Classical|Classical Windermere]] but is not a direct descendant of it. | | '''Qocwane''' (''Qocwanet vŷŷxxŷcê'') is the official language of Qocwane, located in our timeline's Hungary. It is inspired by Finnish, Wakashan languages, Salishan languages, and Nuosu. |
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| Numbers: thon, rhã, ziêu, chôi, mượr, tảy, põ, sệp, loi, thão
| | == Phonology == |
| | === Suprasegmentals === |
| | Qocwane prosody is almost the same as Finnish; stress always falls on the first syllable. |
| | === Consonants === |
| | * /m n l ʋ j w/ '''m n l v j w''' |
| | * /p t ts tɬ k kʷ ʔ/ '''p t z x c cw q''' |
| | * /f s ɬ x xʷ h/ '''f s ł ç çw h''' |
| | /k x/ palatalize in words with ATR harmony and may uvularize in words with RTR harmony. |
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| whếp = light
| | '''mm nn ll vv jj ww pp tt zz xx cc ccw qq''' are the only allowed geminates in native words. |
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| whì = dust
| | === Vowels === |
| | Qocwane has 8 vowel qualities, all with vowel length. |
| | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |
| | !rowspan=2 colspan=2| |
| | ! scope="col" rowspan=2 | Front |
| | ! scope="col" colspan=2 | Non-front |
| | |- |
| | ! scope="col" | <small>unrounded</small> |
| | ! scope="col" | <small>rounded</small> |
| | |- |
| | ! scope="row" rowspan=2 | Syllabic<br />consonant |
| | ! scope="row" | <small>loose</small> |
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| | | z̩ '''ŷ''' |
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| | |- |
| | ! scope="row" | <small>tight</small> |
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| | | z̠̩ '''y''' |
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| | |- |
| | ! scope="row" | Close |
| | ! scope="row" | <small>loose</small> |
| | | i{{lowered}} '''ê''' |
| | | ə{{adv}} '''â''' |
| | | u{{lowered}} '''ô''' |
| | |- |
| | ! Open-mid |
| | ! rowspan="2" |<small>tight</small> |
| | | ɛ '''e''' |
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| | | ɔ '''o''' |
| | |- |
| | ! scope="row" | Open |
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| | | ɑ '''a''' |
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| | |} |
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| Rhìa rít mì Whền Whết Mer = I live in Whehli (means something different with different tones)
| | Qocwane has loose/tight vowel harmony: |
| | * loose: '''ŷ ŵ ê â ô''' |
| | * tight: '''y w e a o''' |
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| lieb "to put" ~ lliệm
| | Diphthongs: '''ea êâ oa ôâ ae âê ao âô''' |
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| dưan tlẹ = to thank in Ciêng?
| | '''â(â)''' /ə(:)/ is realized as [œ(:)] when stressed. |
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| tlẹ could be cognate to tănlea "to refuse", dưan is cognate to Windermere şän
| | ''oa'' is often realized as [ɔ:] |
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| chổi = reflexive pronoun
| | <!--The syllabic consonants y(r) u(r) are essentially the usual Sinological vowels ɿ ʮ, so ⟨y⟩ can be identified with the vowel of the Mandarin 四 sì "four", but they have diverse realizations. Y(r) completely assimilates to a preceding coronal except in voice, e.g. /ɕz̩˨˩/ [ɕʑ̩˨˩] ꑮ xyp "to marry", and is [m͡l̩] after a labial nasal, e.g. /m̥z̩˧sz̩˧/ [m̥m͡l̩˧sɹ̩˧] ꂪꌦ hmy sy "cloth". U(r) assimilates similarly after laterals, retaining its rounding, e.g. /l̥v̩ʷ˧/ [l̥l̩ʷ˧] ꆭ hlu "to stir-fry", and is [m̩ʷ] after a labial nasal, e.g. /m̥v̩ʷ˧/ [m̥m̩ʷ˧] ꂥ hmu "mushroom"; moreover it induces a labially trilled release of preceding labial or alveolar stops, e.g. /ⁿdv̩ʷ˨˩/ [ⁿdʙβ̩˨˩] ꅥ ndup "to hit". --> |
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| thỏi = learn (~ snoach)
| | == Morphophonology == |
| | Qocwane words participate in consonant gradation: |
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| rêng = net
| | strong -> weak |
| | * geminates -> nongeminates |
| | * p -> f |
| | * f -> v |
| | * t -> ł |
| | * ł -> l |
| | * z -> s |
| | * s -> h |
| | * x -> ł |
| | * c -> ç |
| | * cw -> çw |
| | * ç -> j |
| | * çw -> w |
| | * q -> 0 |
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| truồng = long
| | == Grammar == |
| {{User:Ceige/Template:Swadesh_list_207_plain|language = [[Windermere]]
| | Finnic-like |
| |wrd001=''rhìa''
| | === Nouns === |
| |wrd002=''sên'' (masculine), ''sêr'' (feminine)
| | 8 to 10 cases, normal nom-acc alignment |
| |wrd003=''in'' (masculine), ''ir'' (feminine)
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| |wrd004=''tsa'' (exclusive), ''bang'' (inclusive)
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| |wrd005=''łănam'' (familiar), ''impra'' (polite)
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| |wrd006=''ănam'' (animate)
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| |wrd007=''__ se''
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| |wrd008=''__ fi''
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| |wrd009=''rădun se'', ''dunse''
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| |wrd010=''rădun fi'', ''dumfi''
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| |wrd011=''łieng ra'', ''łiera''
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| |wrd012=''ra'' (in the sense of ''which''), ''mül ra'' (in the sense of ''which thing'')
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| |wrd013=''rădun ra'', ''dura''
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| |wrd014=''sngith ra'', ''sngithra''
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| |wrd015=''li-tănsü fa'', ''litra''
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| |wrd016=''die''
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| |wrd017=''tsor'' (preposed)
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| |wrd018='' mea'' (preposed)
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| |wrd019=''tăchung'' (preposed)
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| |wrd020=''łüp'' (preposed)
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| |wrd021=''nătha''
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| |wrd022=''do'', ''doan''
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| |wrd023=''rath''
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| |wrd024=''stiw''
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| |wrd025=''smäch''
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| |wrd026=''müets''
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| |wrd027=''șir''
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| |wrd028=''bruang''
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| |wrd029=''glep''
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| |wrd030=''pănuc''
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| |wrd031=''clef''
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| |wrd032=''doy''
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| |wrd033=''ngay''
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| |wrd034=''tslüs''
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| |wrd035=''sreth''
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| |wrd036=''sămeang''
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| |wrd037=''noaf''
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| |wrd038=''croth''
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| |wrd039=''cheth''
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| |wrd040=''yănił'', ''yănił sămeang''
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| |wrd041=''yănił'', ''yănił noaf''
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| |wrd042=''ăma''
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| |wrd043=''ep''
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| |wrd044=''triem''
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| |wrd045=''thof''
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| |wrd046=''rüech''
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| |wrd047=''thaw''
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| |wrd048=''tsit''
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| |wrd049=''lier''
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| |wrd050=''ging''
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| |wrd051=''spüș''
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| |wrd052=''cleath''
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| |wrd053=''păthan''
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| |wrd054=''muad''
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| |wrd055=''troas''
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| |wrd056=''cnul''
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| |wrd057=''ăfod''
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| |wrd058=''scey''
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| |wrd059=''yar''
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| |wrd060=''năfrath''
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| |wrd061=''păsel''
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| |wrd062=''mănew''
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| |wrd063=''răsu''
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| |wrd064=''prea''
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| |wrd065=''ăwoch''
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| |wrd066=''șüng''
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| |wrd067=''crith''
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| |wrd068=''bräy''
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| |wrd069=''pănie''
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| |wrd070=''spănga''
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| |wrd071=''fnaw''
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| |wrd072=''ngüe''
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| |wrd073=''speal''
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| |wrd074=''bith''
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| |wrd075=''cră'i''
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| |wrd076=''swach''
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| |wrd077=''gloł''
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| |wrd078=''troch''
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| |wrd079=''łădie''
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| |wrd080=''srup''
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| |wrd081=''wab''
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| |wrd082=''müt''
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| |wrd083=''flen''
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| |wrd084=''tsual''
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| |wrd085=''sme'' (''mi-sme'' = inside)
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| |wrd086=''blua''
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| |wrd087=''nel''
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| |wrd088=''thăme''
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| |wrd089=''mif''
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| |wrd090=''ruas''
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| |wrd091=''tsălaw''
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| |wrd092=''hür''
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| |wrd093=''tsrin''
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| |wrd094=''cișloł''
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| |wrd095=''mey''
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| |wrd096=''boar''
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| |wrd097=''clües''
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| |wrd098=''scath''
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| |wrd099=''tsał''
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| |wrd100=''tăfi''
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| |wrd101=''tuay''
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| |wrd102=''sișpeal''
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| |wrd103=''yat mi-snar'', ''snar'' (adjectival "knowing")
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| |wrd104=''crea''
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| |wrd105=''srua''
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| |wrd106=''yat mi-fănach''
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| |wrd107=''meac''
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| |wrd108=''mărit''
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| |wrd109=''răchta''
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| |wrd110=''tsüp''
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| |wrd111=''pgu ya-'' (''ya-'' = with)
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| |wrd112=''răchoy''
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| |wrd113=''łer''
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| |wrd114=''lean''
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| |wrd115=''thămu''
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| |wrd116=''yäth''
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| |wrd117=''ător''
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| |wrd118=''mătil''
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| |wrd119=''łămay''
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| |wrd120=''lut''
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| |wrd121=''seaf''
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| |wrd122=''drel''
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| |wrd123=''tol'' (to be lying)
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| |wrd124=''dur'' (to be sitting)
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| |wrd125=''plang'' (to be standing)
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| |wrd126=''crămats''
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| |wrd127=''łăpaw''
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| |wrd128=''rüe''
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| |wrd129=''cwił''
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| |wrd130=''flie''
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| |wrd131=''thăned''
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| |wrd132=''tișrü''
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| |wrd133=''ieth''
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| |wrd134=''scaw''
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| |wrd135=''tsoy''
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| |wrd136=''trăchin''
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| |wrd137=''măreth''
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| |wrd138=''clea''
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| |wrd139=''nung''
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| |wrd140=''ngil''
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| |wrd141=''ngichnur''
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| |wrd142=''tmus''
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| |wrd143=''eaf''
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| |wrd144=''smin''
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| |wrd145=''răbo''
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| |wrd146=''cnuș''
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| |wrd147=''nieth''
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| |wrd148=''chad''
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| |wrd149=''scie''
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| |wrd150=''blon''
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| |wrd151=''trămäy''
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| |wrd152=''yoch''
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| |wrd153=''păträng''
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| |wrd154=''chlem''
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| |wrd155=''măruth''
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| |wrd156=''căthin''
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| |wrd157=''tăfis''
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| |wrd158=''wib''
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| |wrd159=''snüe''
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| |wrd160=''pich''
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| |wrd161=''yănif''
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| |wrd162=''häm''
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| |wrd163=''păłoa''
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| |wrd164=''măchup''
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| |wrd165=''thănam''
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| |wrd166=''yul''
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| |wrd167=''sä''
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| |wrd168=''roath''
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| |wrd169=''păngud''
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| |wrd170=''năsum''
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| |wrd171=''sngar''
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| |wrd172=''ăthaw''
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| |wrd173=''leth''
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| |wrd174=''cwie''
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| |wrd175=''feas''
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| |wrd176=''cdos''
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| |wrd177=''len''
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| |wrd178=''fnüd''
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| |wrd179=''lă'och''
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| |wrd180=''sieth''
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| |wrd181=''ier''
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| |wrd182=''tam''
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| |wrd183=''mălem''
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| |wrd184=''peth''
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| |wrd185=''to''
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| |wrd186=''chil''
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| |wrd187=''tălich''
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| |wrd188=''crath''
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| |wrd189=''glan''
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| |wrd190=''fădua''
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| |wrd191=''cămua''
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| |wrd192=''snaf''
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| |wrd193=''cluang''
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| |wrd194=''frim''
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| |wrd195=''uar''
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| |wrd196=''eth''
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| |wrd197=''cărit''
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| |wrd198=''yem''
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| |wrd199=''tsil''
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| |wrd200=''smoy''
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| |wrd201=''mi-''
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| |wrd202=''mismä''
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| |wrd203=''ya-''
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| |wrd204=''te''
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| |wrd205=''srüe''
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| |wrd206=''tsin''
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| |wrd207=''chum''
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| }}
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| ==Phonology== | | TODO |
| ===Consonants=== | | [weak grade]-l = nom pl |
| '''m n ng''' /m n ŋ/
| | [weak grade]-t = gen sg |
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| '''p t tr tl c qu''' /p t tʂ tl k kw ʔ/ (/ʔ/ not written)
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| '''ph th ch wh''' /f θ χ χw/ | | naaqe 'human’, naaet 'human-GEN’, naael 'human-PL' |
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| '''z s rh ll h''' /s ʃ ʂ~r̥ (Welsh ll) h/
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| '''tz ts''' /ts tʃ/
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| '''r l d''' /r l j/
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| ===Vowels===
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| '''ă a â e ê i o ô ơ u ư ao eo êu aư ai oi ôi ia/iê iêu ua/uô uôi ăr ar er ir or ur âr''' /a ɑ: ɜ ɛ e~ɪ~ɛɪ i~ɪj ɔ o~oʊ ɵ~əʏ u: ɨ: aʊ ɛʊ eʊ aʏ aɪ ɔɪ oɪ iə iəw uə uəj + rhotic vowels/
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| ===Tones===
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| 6 tones of Viet
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