Verse:Mwail/Qocwane: Difference between revisions

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-'''Cătielian''' is a tonal language inspired by American English and Vietnamese. (And possibly Welsh?)
+'''Qocwane''' (''Qocwanet vŷŷxxŷcê'') is the official language of Qocwane, located in our timeline's Hungary. It is inspired by Finnish, Wakashan languages, Salishan languages, and Nuosu.
-==Phonology==
+== Phonology ==
-===Consonants===
+=== Suprasegmentals ===
-'''p b t d c g''' /p b t d k g/
+Qocwane prosody is almost the same as Finnish; stress always falls on the first syllable.
+=== Consonants ===
+* /m n l ʋ j w/ '''m n l v j w'''
+* /p t ts tɬ k kʷ ʔ/ '''p t z x c cw q'''
+* /f s ɬ x xʷ h/ '''f s ł ç çw h'''
+/k x/ palatalize in words with ATR harmony and may uvularize in words with RTR harmony.
-'''ph f th dd ch''' /f v θ ð χ/
+'''mm nn ll vv jj ww pp tt zz xx cc ccw qq''' are the only allowed geminates in native words.
-===Vowels===
+=== Vowels ===
-Vietnamese vowels minus back unrounded vowels
+Qocwane has 8 vowel qualities, all with vowel length.
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
+!rowspan=2 colspan=2|
+! scope="col" rowspan=2 | Front
+! scope="col" colspan=2 | Non-front
+|-
+! scope="col" | <small>unrounded</small>
+! scope="col" | <small>rounded</small>
+|-
+! scope="row" rowspan=2 | Syllabic<br />consonant
+! scope="row" | <small>loose</small>
+|
+| z̩ '''ŷ'''
+|
+|-
+! scope="row" | <small>tight</small>
+|
+| z̠̩ '''y'''
+|
+|-
+! scope="row" | Close
+! scope="row" | <small>loose</small>
+| i{{lowered}} '''ê'''
+| ə{{adv}} '''â'''
+| u{{lowered}} '''ô'''
+|-
+! Open-mid
+! rowspan="2" |<small>tight</small>
+| ɛ '''e'''
+|
+| ɔ '''o'''
+|-
+! scope="row" | Open
+|
+| ɑ '''a'''
+|
+|}
+Qocwane has loose/tight vowel harmony:
+* loose: '''ŷ ŵ ê â ô'''
+* tight: '''y w e a o'''
+Diphthongs: '''ea êâ oa ôâ ae âê ao âô'''
+'''â(â)''' /ə(:)/ is realized as [œ(:)] when stressed.
+''oa'' is often realized as [ɔ:]
+<!--The syllabic consonants y(r) u(r) are essentially the usual Sinological vowels ɿ ʮ, so ⟨y⟩ can be identified with the vowel of the Mandarin 四 sì "four", but they have diverse realizations. Y(r) completely assimilates to a preceding coronal except in voice, e.g. /ɕz̩˨˩/ [ɕʑ̩˨˩] ꑮ xyp "to marry", and is [m͡l̩] after a labial nasal, e.g. /m̥z̩˧sz̩˧/ [m̥m͡l̩˧sɹ̩˧] ꂪꌦ hmy sy "cloth". U(r) assimilates similarly after laterals, retaining its rounding, e.g. /l̥v̩ʷ˧/ [l̥l̩ʷ˧] ꆭ hlu "to stir-fry", and is [m̩ʷ] after a labial nasal, e.g. /m̥v̩ʷ˧/ [m̥m̩ʷ˧] ꂥ hmu "mushroom"; moreover it induces a labially trilled release of preceding labial or alveolar stops, e.g. /ⁿdv̩ʷ˨˩/ [ⁿdʙβ̩˨˩] ꅥ ndup "to hit". -->
+== Morphophonology ==
+Qocwane words participate in consonant gradation:
+strong -> weak
+* geminates -> nongeminates
+* p -> f
+* f -> v
+* t -> ł
+* ł -> l
+* z -> s
+* s -> h
+* x -> ł
+* c -> ç
+* cw -> çw
+* ç -> j
+* çw -> w
+* q -> 0
+== Grammar ==
+Finnic-like
+=== Nouns ===
+to 10 cases, normal nom-acc alignment
+TODO
+[weak grade]-l = nom pl
+[weak grade]-t = gen sg
+naaqe 'human’, naaet 'human-GEN’, naael 'human-PL'