Proto-Coelo-Caric: Difference between revisions

(8 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)

Line 1:

The '''Proto-Coelo-Caric language''' is the reconstructed ancestor of the Coelo-Caric languages, Silōs and Carichendan. It would have descended from the Proto-Sinos-Koelic language.

The '''Proto-Coelo-Caric language''' is the reconstructed ancestor of the [[Coelo-Caric_languages|Coelo-Caric languages]], Silōs and Carichendan. It would have descended from the Proto-Sinos-Koelic language.

==Phonology==

===Pre-Coelo-Caric===

Based on phonological symmetry and on comparative reconstruction with the Sinushyeinametiniq language, the Proto-Coelo-Caric language was most likely in the middle of the first period of liquid and oral erosion of this phonological system, processes which are characteristic of nearly all stages of the daughter languages.

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! Early Pre-Coelo-Caric !! Labial !! Dental !! Rhotic !! Alveolar !! Velar

|-

| Nasal || m || n̪ <ŉ> || n˞ <ň> || n || ŋ

|-

| Plosive || p || t̪ <z> || t˞ <r> || t || k

|-

| Fricative || ɸ || θ <þ> || ʃ˞ <ś> || s || x

|}

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! Late Pre-Coelo-Caric !! Labial !! Dental !! Rhotic !! Alveolar !! Velar

|-

| Nasal || m || n̪ <ŉ> || n˞ <ň> || n || ŋ

|-

| Plosive || b || t̪ <z> || t˞ <r> || t || k

|-

| Fricative || ɸ || θ <þ> || ʒ˞ <ź> || s || ʃ <x>

|}

===Proto-Coelo-Caric===

The changes that the phonology underwent to include tentative phonemes which could have developed after the split analogically affected only the nasal stops, which underwent oralization or Coelo-Caric liquid to become approximants and voiced, possibly nasalized fricatives.

{| class="wikitable"

|-

! Proto-Coelo-Caric !! Labial !! Dental !! Rhotic !! Alveolar !! Velar

|-

| Nasal || m || n̪ <ŉ> || n˞ <ň> || n || ŋ

|-

| Plosive || b || t̪ <z> || t˞ <r> || t || k

|-

| Fricative || ɸ || θ <þ> || ʒ˞ <ź> || s || ʃ <x>

|-

| Liquid || || (ð) || (j) || (l) ||

|}

==Development into the Coelo-Caric languages==

===Phonological stages from Proto-Coelo-Caric to Standard Modern Silōs===

Line 5:

Line 44:

====Pre-Silōs (pS)====

This stage began with the separation of a distinct speech, perhaps while still forming part of the Proto-~~Indo~~-~~European~~ dialect continuum. It contained many innovations that were shared with ~~other Indo~~-~~European branches~~ to various degrees, probably through areal contacts, and mutual intelligibility with other dialects would have remained for some time. It was nevertheless on its own path, whether dialect or language.

This stage began with the separation of a distinct speech, perhaps while still forming part of the Proto-Coelo-Caric dialect continuum. It contained many innovations that were shared with Pre-Carichendan to various degrees, probably through areal contacts, and mutual intelligibility with other dialects would have remained for some time. It was nevertheless on its own path, whether dialect or language.

{| class="wikitable"

Line 15:

Line 54:

*It is not certain whether this change or the precursors to such a change had already occurred in Proto-Coelo-Caric, as a similar change is observed in Pre-Carichendan.

|-

|'''Merging of PCC */x/, */g~~/, */č~~/''' into a new consonant, */ǯ/ [d͡ʒ] — *ča čenta "home world" > *ǯaǯenta > ''zazelta'' "Earth, the world"; *uxa "blue" > *uǯa > ''zva''

|'''Merging and affricatization of PCC */x/, */g/''' into a new consonant, */ǯ/ [d͡ʒ] — *ča čenta "home world" > *ǯaǯenta > ''zazelta'' "Earth, the world"; *uxa "blue" > *uǯa > ''zva''

*Any instances of */t/ preceding either of these phonemes is absorbed into the affricate.

|-

|'''*/ŋ/ > */ɴ/''' — *ŋa "to have" > *ɴa > ''a''

Line 39:

Line 79:

|In closed syllables, and when permitted by phonotactics, the '''reduction of the diphthong */iɔ/ into */iw/'''

|-

|'''Appearance of the closed vowel''', phonemicising the reduced, nasal [[allophone]] */ɵ/ of */ɔ/ between nasal consonants — *ð-a-ɔ-m-sats "in the perspective of going towards" > *ðanɵmsats > ''falusats'' "hello (polite)"

|'''Appearance of the closed vowel''', phonemicising the reduced, nasal allophone */ɵ/ of */ɔ/ between nasal consonants — *ð-a-ɔ-m-sats "in the perspective of going towards" > *ðanɵmsats > ''falusats'' "hello (polite)"

|-

|'''*/ð/ > */v/'''

|}

====Primitive Silōs (PmS)====

This stage began its evolution as a form of [[Centum-satem isogloss|centum]] [[PIE]] that had lost its laryngeals and had five long and six short vowels, as well as one or two overlong vowels. The consonant system was still that of PIE minus palatovelars and laryngeals, but the loss of syllabic resonants already made the language markedly different from PIE proper. Mutual intelligibility might have still existed, but strained, and this period marked the definitive break of Germanic from the other Indo-European languages and the beginning of Germanic proper, containing most of the sound changes that are now held to define this branch distinctively. This stage contained various consonant and vowel shifts, the loss of contrastive accent, and the beginnings of the reduction of unstressed syllables as a result.

{| class="wikitable"

Line 54:

Line 95:

====Old Silōs (OS)====

By this stage, Germanic had emerged as a distinctive branch and had undergone many of the sound changes that would make its later descendants recognisable as Germanic languages. It had shifted its consonant inventory from a system rich in plosives to one containing primarily fricatives, had lost the PIE mobile pitch accent in favour of a predictable stress accent, and had merged two of its vowels. The stress accent had also begun to cause the erosion of unstressed syllables already, which would continue in its descendants up to the present day. This final stage of the language included the remaining development until the breakup into dialects, and most notably featured the appearance of nasal vowels and the first beginning of [[Germanic umlaut|umlaut]], another characteristic Germanic feature.

{| class="wikitable"

Line 72:

Line 112:

====Pre-Carichendan (pC)====

This stage began with the separation of a distinct speech, perhaps while still forming part of the Proto-~~Indo~~-~~European~~ dialect continuum. It contained many innovations that were shared with ~~other Indo~~-~~European branches~~ to various degrees, probably through areal contacts, and mutual intelligibility with other dialects would have remained for some time. It was nevertheless on its own path, whether dialect or language.

This stage began with the separation of a distinct speech, perhaps while still forming part of the Proto-Coelo-Caric dialect continuum. It contained many innovations that were shared with Pre-Silōs to various degrees, probably through areal contacts, and mutual intelligibility with other dialects would have remained for some time. It was nevertheless on its own path, whether dialect or language.

{| class="wikitable"

Line 95:

Line 135:

====Primitive Carichendan (PmC)====

This stage began its evolution as a form of [[Centum-satem isogloss|centum]] [[PIE]] that had lost its laryngeals and had five long and six short vowels, as well as one or two overlong vowels. The consonant system was still that of PIE minus palatovelars and laryngeals, but the loss of syllabic resonants already made the language markedly different from PIE proper. Mutual intelligibility might have still existed, but strained, and this period marked the definitive break of Germanic from the other Indo-European languages and the beginning of Germanic proper, containing most of the sound changes that are now held to define this branch distinctively. This stage contained various consonant and vowel shifts, the loss of contrastive accent, and the beginnings of the reduction of unstressed syllables as a result.

{| class="wikitable"

Line 130:

Line 169:

====Old Carichendan (OC)====

By this stage, Germanic had emerged as a distinctive branch and had undergone many of the sound changes that would make its later descendants recognisable as Germanic languages. It had shifted its consonant inventory from a system rich in plosives to one containing primarily fricatives, had lost the PIE mobile pitch accent in favour of a predictable stress accent, and had merged two of its vowels. The stress accent had also begun to cause the erosion of unstressed syllables already, which would continue in its descendants up to the present day. This final stage of the language included the remaining development until the breakup into dialects, and most notably featured the appearance of nasal vowels and the first beginning of [[Germanic umlaut|umlaut]], another characteristic Germanic feature.

{| class="wikitable"

Line 140:

Line 178:

|'''*/nk/ > */ŋg/''' — *sanka let "to buy" > *saŋgalet > ''sangarat''

|}

[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Proto-languages]][[Category:Proto-Coelo-Caric]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-The '''Proto-Coelo-Caric language''' is the reconstructed ancestor of the Coelo-Caric languages, Silōs and Carichendan. It would have descended from the Proto-Sinos-Koelic language.
+The '''Proto-Coelo-Caric language''' is the reconstructed ancestor of the [[Coelo-Caric_languages|Coelo-Caric languages]], Silōs and Carichendan. It would have descended from the Proto-Sinos-Koelic language.
+==Phonology==
+===Pre-Coelo-Caric===
+Based on phonological symmetry and on comparative reconstruction with the Sinushyeinametiniq language, the Proto-Coelo-Caric language was most likely in the middle of the first period of liquid and oral erosion of this phonological system, processes which are characteristic of nearly all stages of the daughter languages.
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! Early Pre-Coelo-Caric !! Labial !! Dental !! Rhotic !! Alveolar !! Velar
+|-
+| Nasal || m || n̪ <ŉ> || n˞ <ň> || n || ŋ
+|-
+| Plosive || p || t̪ <z> || t˞ <r> || t || k
+|-
+| Fricative || ɸ || θ <þ> || ʃ˞ <ś> || s || x
+|}
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! Late Pre-Coelo-Caric !! Labial !! Dental !! Rhotic !! Alveolar !! Velar
+|-
+| Nasal || m || n̪ <ŉ> || n˞ <ň> || n || ŋ
+|-
+| Plosive || b || t̪ <z> || t˞ <r> || t || k
+|-
+| Fricative || ɸ || θ <þ> || ʒ˞ <ź> || s || ʃ <x>
+|}
+===Proto-Coelo-Caric===
+The changes that the phonology underwent to include tentative phonemes which could have developed after the split analogically affected only the nasal stops, which underwent oralization or Coelo-Caric liquid to become approximants and voiced, possibly nasalized fricatives.
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! Proto-Coelo-Caric !! Labial !! Dental !! Rhotic !! Alveolar !! Velar
+|-
+| Nasal || m || n̪ <ŉ> || n˞ <ň> || n || ŋ
+|-
+| Plosive || b || t̪ <z> || t˞ <r> || t || k
+|-
+| Fricative || ɸ || θ <þ> || ʒ˞ <ź> || s || ʃ <x>
+|-
+| Liquid || || (ð) || (j) || (l) ||
+|}
 ==Development into the Coelo-Caric languages==
 ===Phonological stages from Proto-Coelo-Caric to Standard Modern Silōs===
@@ Line 5: / Line 44: @@
 ====Pre-Silōs (pS)====
-This stage began with the separation of a distinct speech, perhaps while still forming part of the Proto-Indo-European dialect continuum. It contained many innovations that were shared with other Indo-European branches to various degrees, probably through areal contacts, and mutual intelligibility with other dialects would have remained for some time. It was nevertheless on its own path, whether dialect or language.
+This stage began with the separation of a distinct speech, perhaps while still forming part of the Proto-Coelo-Caric dialect continuum. It contained many innovations that were shared with Pre-Carichendan to various degrees, probably through areal contacts, and mutual intelligibility with other dialects would have remained for some time. It was nevertheless on its own path, whether dialect or language.
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 15: / Line 54: @@
 *It is not certain whether this change or the precursors to such a change had already occurred in Proto-Coelo-Caric, as a similar change is observed in Pre-Carichendan.
 |-
-|'''Merging of PCC */x/, */g/, */č/''' into a new consonant, */ǯ/ [d͡ʒ] — *ča čenta "home world" > *ǯaǯenta > ''zazelta'' "Earth, the world"; *uxa "blue" > *uǯa > ''zva''
+|'''Merging and affricatization of PCC */x/, */g/''' into a new consonant, */ǯ/ [d͡ʒ] — *ča čenta "home world" > *ǯaǯenta > ''zazelta'' "Earth, the world"; *uxa "blue" > *uǯa > ''zva''
+*Any instances of */t/ preceding either of these phonemes is absorbed into the affricate.
 |-
 |'''*/ŋ/ > */ɴ/''' — *ŋa "to have" > *ɴa > ''a''
@@ Line 39: / Line 79: @@
 |In closed syllables, and when permitted by phonotactics, the '''reduction of the diphthong */iɔ/ into */iw/'''
 |-
-|'''Appearance of the closed vowel''', phonemicising the reduced, nasal [[allophone]] */ɵ/ of */ɔ/ between nasal consonants — *ð-a-ɔ-m-sats "in the perspective of going towards" > *ðanɵmsats > ''falusats'' "hello (polite)"
+|'''Appearance of the closed vowel''', phonemicising the reduced, nasal allophone */ɵ/ of */ɔ/ between nasal consonants — *ð-a-ɔ-m-sats "in the perspective of going towards" > *ðanɵmsats > ''falusats'' "hello (polite)"
+|-
+|'''*/ð/ > */v/'''
 |}
 ====Primitive Silōs (PmS)====
-This stage began its evolution as a form of [[Centum-satem isogloss|centum]] [[PIE]] that had lost its laryngeals and had five long and six short vowels, as well as one or two overlong vowels. The consonant system was still that of PIE minus palatovelars and laryngeals, but the loss of syllabic resonants already made the language markedly different from PIE proper. Mutual intelligibility might have still existed, but strained, and this period marked the definitive break of Germanic from the other Indo-European languages and the beginning of Germanic proper, containing most of the sound changes that are now held to define this branch distinctively. This stage contained various consonant and vowel shifts, the loss of contrastive accent, and the beginnings of the reduction of unstressed syllables as a result.
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 54: / Line 95: @@
 ====Old Silōs (OS)====
-By this stage, Germanic had emerged as a distinctive branch and had undergone many of the sound changes that would make its later descendants recognisable as Germanic languages. It had shifted its consonant inventory from a system rich in plosives to one containing primarily fricatives, had lost the PIE mobile pitch accent in favour of a predictable stress accent, and had merged two of its vowels. The stress accent had also begun to cause the erosion of unstressed syllables already, which would continue in its descendants up to the present day. This final stage of the language included the remaining development until the breakup into dialects, and most notably featured the appearance of nasal vowels and the first beginning of [[Germanic umlaut|umlaut]], another characteristic Germanic feature.
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 72: / Line 112: @@
 ====Pre-Carichendan (pC)====
-This stage began with the separation of a distinct speech, perhaps while still forming part of the Proto-Indo-European dialect continuum. It contained many innovations that were shared with other Indo-European branches to various degrees, probably through areal contacts, and mutual intelligibility with other dialects would have remained for some time. It was nevertheless on its own path, whether dialect or language.
+This stage began with the separation of a distinct speech, perhaps while still forming part of the Proto-Coelo-Caric dialect continuum. It contained many innovations that were shared with Pre-Silōs to various degrees, probably through areal contacts, and mutual intelligibility with other dialects would have remained for some time. It was nevertheless on its own path, whether dialect or language.
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 95: / Line 135: @@
 ====Primitive Carichendan (PmC)====
-This stage began its evolution as a form of [[Centum-satem isogloss|centum]] [[PIE]] that had lost its laryngeals and had five long and six short vowels, as well as one or two overlong vowels. The consonant system was still that of PIE minus palatovelars and laryngeals, but the loss of syllabic resonants already made the language markedly different from PIE proper. Mutual intelligibility might have still existed, but strained, and this period marked the definitive break of Germanic from the other Indo-European languages and the beginning of Germanic proper, containing most of the sound changes that are now held to define this branch distinctively. This stage contained various consonant and vowel shifts, the loss of contrastive accent, and the beginnings of the reduction of unstressed syllables as a result.
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 130: / Line 169: @@
 ====Old Carichendan (OC)====
-By this stage, Germanic had emerged as a distinctive branch and had undergone many of the sound changes that would make its later descendants recognisable as Germanic languages. It had shifted its consonant inventory from a system rich in plosives to one containing primarily fricatives, had lost the PIE mobile pitch accent in favour of a predictable stress accent, and had merged two of its vowels. The stress accent had also begun to cause the erosion of unstressed syllables already, which would continue in its descendants up to the present day. This final stage of the language included the remaining development until the breakup into dialects, and most notably featured the appearance of nasal vowels and the first beginning of [[Germanic umlaut|umlaut]], another characteristic Germanic feature.
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 140: / Line 178: @@
 |'''*/nk/ > */ŋg/''' — *sanka let "to buy" > *saŋgalet > ''sangarat''
 |}
+[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Proto-languages]][[Category:Proto-Coelo-Caric]]