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User:Chrysophylax/Substrate language: Difference between revisions

Created page with "==Phonology== ===Consonants=== {| class="greentable" |- ! ! Labial ! Alveolar ! Alveolar sibilant ! Velar ! Glottal |- align=center ! Nasal | {{IPA|m̥ m}} | {{IPA|n̥..."
 
 
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|-
|-
|}
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{| class="greentable"
|-
!
! Front
! Central
! Back
|- align=center
! High
| i
|
| u
|- align=center
! Mid-low
| ɛ ɛː
|
| ɔ ɔː
|- align=center
! Low
|
| a aː
| ɑ ɑː
|-
|}
===Syllable structure===
(C<sup>1</sup>)V(C<sup>2</sup>)
C<sup>1</sup>: a consonant
V: a vowel
C<sup>2</sup>: a consonant
===Allophony===
Front vowels become central before [w]
Stops assimilate in aspiration to a following consonant and become unaspirated word-finally. Before an aspirated consonant, voiced stops become voiceless.
Low vowels become rounded after [w] and central vowels are raised.
Consonants palatalise after a non-low front vowel; velar consonants besides [w] become coronal palatalised; velar stops affricatise (/k/ > [t͡ɕ] \ [i e u]_).
Lots of other stuff.
===Notes on orthography===
The temporary orthography I've devised uses the macron to represent long vowels, <á> for /ɑ/, <hm> <hn> for the voiceless nasals, <z> for /d͡z/ and <sz> for /t͡s/, <x> for /x/, <ph th kh> for /pʰ tʰ kʰ/.
==Morphology==
* Case-inflected.
* Animate vs. inanimate
===Pronouns===
{|
! Pronouns
|-
!
! colspan="2"| First
! colspan="2"| Second
! colspan="2"| Third
|- align=center
!
! Singular
! Plural
! Singular
! Plural
! Singular
! Plural
|- align=center
! Nominative
| mia
| miah(e)
| su
| suh(i)
| ke, o
| keh(e), ohe
|- align=center
! Dative
| ate
| ateh
| uti
| utih
| ete, hote
| eteh, oteh
|- align=center
! Accusative
| miu
| muhi
| suw
| suhi
| ku, o
| kuhi, ohe
|- align=center
! Genitive-instrumental
| axa
| axah(e)
| uxa
| uxah(e)
| exa, hoxa
| exah(e), hoxah(e)
|}
* No specific way of determining if a word is animate or inanimate
:* addendum: certain suffixes are always one or the other, e.g. -dih 'a collection of X' is always inanimate, e.g. ''sokhdih'' 'a collection of stones, a pile of stones' < ''sokh'' 'stone', whilst others are always animate, e.g. ''-tus'' 'who does X', ''nōthētus'' 'sailor' < ''nōthē'' 'ocean'.
==Word list==
{| class="greentable sortable"
|-
! entry
! IPA
! part of speech
! definition
|-
| '''wuhko'''||''wuhkʰɔ''||animate noun||speech
|-
| '''fexa'''||''fɛɕa''||inanimate noun|| axe
|-
| '''sēdhuf'''||''sɛːtʰʲhuf''||inanimate noun|| temple
|-
| '''hote''' ||''hɔtɛ''||animate noun|| young pig, piglet
|-
| '''pheti'''||''pʰɛtʲi''||animate noun|| daughter
|-
| '''sokh'''||''sɔk''||inanimate noun||stone
|-
| '''sokhdih'''||''sɔgdihʲ''||inanimate noun|| stone-pile
|-
| '''nōthē'''||''nɔːtʰɛː''||inanimate noun||ocean
|-
| '''nōthē'''||''nɔːtʰɛː''||animate noun||Ocean personified
|-
| '''dáwá'''||''dɑwɒ''||animate noun||fire
|-
| '''dáwátus'''||''dɑwɒtus''||animate noun||torch-bearer (a priestly title)
|-
| '''uptus'''||''uptus''||animate noun||farmer
|-
| '''upē'''||''upɛː''||inanimate noun||field
|-
| '''dáph'''||''dɑp''||animate noun||commander (''esp.'' military)
|-
| '''xapha'''||''xapʰa''||inanimate noun||war
|-
| '''kiz'''||''kid͡zʲ''||inanimate noun||sea, lake, river
|-
| '''xaphdáph'''||''xapʰtɑp''||animate noun||warleader, warlord
|-
| '''kizdáph'''||''kid͡zʲdɑp''||animate noun||sealord
|-
| '''dáphtus'''||''dɑptus''||animate noun||elector
|-
| '''tā́szbohszāth'''||''tɑːd͡zboht͡sʰaːt||animate noun||the state
|-
| '''hnehgiszhāth'''||''ṇehkit͡sʰʲhaːt''||animate noun||the economy
|-
| '''phááhnthez'''||''pʰɑːn̥tʰɛd͡zʲ''||inanimate noun||greeting
|}
* '''wuhko''' [''wuhkʰɔ'']; speech (inan.)
===Example text===
<poem>
'''tiththaasztits xaphdáph taaszbohszaathxa dáphtusxahe dáwáhexahe uptuseh upeedihixahe sokhdihixahe zaakih exa'''
''titʰʲtʰɑːt͡stit͡sʲ xapʰtɑp tɑːd͡zboht͡sʰaːtʰxa dɑptusʰxahɛ dɑwɒhɛxʲahe uptusɛh upɛːdihʲixʲahɛ sɔgdihʲixʲahɛ d͡zaːkih exʲa''
send;{{sc|pst.act.3sg.perf}} warleader state;{{sc|gen}} elector;{{sc|gen;pl}} great_flame;{{sc|gen;pl}} farmer;{{sc|dat;pl}} field;{{sc|gen;pl}} stone-pile{{sc|;gen;pl}} demand;{{sc|pl}} his
'The Warleader of the State of the Electors of the Great Flame to the Farmers of the Fields of Stone-Piles has sent his demands'
</poem>
==Syntax==
V (S [ ADJ {GEN}]) [INSTR] [MANNER PLACE] [DAT] [ACC] [TIME]
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