Linguifex

User:Aquatiki/MSEAL: Difference between revisions

Created page with "{{Collab}} {{Infobox Universal Language | color = #FDBEA0 | name = M.S.E.A.L. | altname = ဧသဃ | Writing System = Burmese alphabet | region = Mainland Southeast Asia..."
 
No edit summary
 
(2 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 15: Line 15:
  | child2 = [[w:Mon language]]
  | child2 = [[w:Mon language]]
  | child3 = [[w:Khmer language]]
  | child3 = [[w:Khmer language]]
  | child4 = [[w:Vietnamese language]]
  | child4 = [[w:Vietnamese language]]
  | child5 = [[w:Lao language]]
  | child5 = [[w:Lao language]]
  | child6 = [[w:Thai language]]
  | child6 = [[w:Thai language]]
Line 24: Line 24:




'''MSEAL''' should have monosyllabic morphemes, lexical tone, a fairly large inventory of consonants, including phonemic aspiration, limited clusters at the beginning of a syllable, and plentiful vowel contrasts. Consider sesquisyllables.   Isolating, mostly mono-morphemic words, no inflection and little affixation.  Nouns are derived by compounding.  Grammatical relations are typically signaled by word order, particles and coverbs or prepositions. Modality is expressed using sentence-final particles. Topic-comment.  Classifiers
'''MSEAL''' has
* Sesquisyllabicity - a "minor syllable" before a stressed main syllable.
* Four tones
* CV, CVC - no clusters
* Isolating/Analytic Morphology: Almost no inflection or derivational morphology, with meaning expressed via word order, particles, and compounding.
* Classifiers: Required when counting nouns. Many languages distinguish human, animal, object, and abstract classifiers.
* Serial Verb Constructions (SVCs): Verbs often appear in chains without overt conjunctions (e.g., “go buy eat” instead of “go to buy and eat”).
* Post-Verbal Aspectual Markers: Instead of tense, aspect is often marked via sentence-final particles or auxiliary verbs.
* Pronoun Systems with Honorifics: Complex pronoun systems based on politeness and familiarity.
* Topic-Comment Structure: Information flow prioritizes topics over strict subject-predicate structures.
VO Order with Heavy Postmodification: Most MSEA languages use SVO word order, but with frequent postnominal relative clauses.
* Sentence-Final Particles: Used for modality, politeness, evidentiality, and discourse functions (e.g., Mandarin 吗 “ma” for questions, Thai นะ “ná” for softening).
* Negation with Dedicated Particles: pre-verbal (e.g., Mandarin 不 “bù,” Vietnamese không)
* Reduplication: Used for pluralization, intensity, or aspectual modification (e.g., Thai ดีๆ "di di" = "very good").
* Directional Verbs: Motion verbs often specify direction explicitly (“go up,” “go down,” “come in”).
* Many sino-buddhist loan words
 
Isolating, mostly mono-morphemic words, no inflection and little affixation.  Nouns are derived by compounding.  Grammatical relations are typically signaled by word order, particles and coverbs or prepositions. Modality is expressed using sentence-final particles.


== Anthropology ==
== Anthropology ==
* AustroAsiatic
* Indo-Arayan
** Bengali
* Austro-Asiatic
** Khmer
** Khmer
** Vietnamese
** Vietnamese
* SinoTibetan
* Sino-Tibetan
** Chinese  
** Chinese  
*** Hokkien, Hakka, Cantonese, Southwestern Mandarin
*** Hokkien, Hakka, Cantonese, Southwestern Mandarin
Line 38: Line 57:
* [[w:Austronesian languages]]
* [[w:Austronesian languages]]
** [[w:Chamic]]
** [[w:Chamic]]
* HmongMien
* Hmong-Mien
** Hmong
** Hmong
** Mien
** Mien


== Phonology and Orthography==
MSEAL should have monosyllabic morphemes, lexical tone, a fairly large inventory of consonants, including phonemic aspiration, limited clusters at the beginning of a syllable, and plentiful vowel contrasts. Consider sesquisyllables. Isolating, mostly mono-morphemic words, no inflection and little affixation.


{|
MSEAL uses the [[w:New Tai Lue alphabet]] for its writing system, using it as a true alphabet, not an abugida.  This is a novel way to use an existing alphabet, but it is more familiar to the neighbor who use the latin script, and are accustomed to writing everything down.


== Phonology ==
=== Consonants ===
MSEAL should have monosyllabic morphemes, lexical tone, a fairly large inventory of consonants, including phonemic aspiration, limited clusters at the beginning of a syllable, and plentiful vowel contrasts. Consider sesquisyllables. Isolating, mostly mono-morphemic words, no inflection and little affixation.  
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
 
|+ MSEAL Initial Consonants
6 vowels
|-
! !! Labial !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
! Nasals
| /m/ ᦙ
| /n/ ᦓ
| || /ŋ/ ᦇ
|
|-
! Unaspirated
| /p/ ᦔ
| /t/ ᦑ
| /tɕ~c/ ᦈ
| /k/ ᦂ
| /ʔ/ ᦀ
|-
! Aspirated
| /pʰ/ ᦘ
| /tʰ/ ᦒ
| /tɕʰ~cʰ/ ᦋ
| /kʰ/ ᦅ
|
|-
! "Voiced"
| /b~ɓ/ ᦢ
| /d~ɗ/ ᦡ
|-
! Fricative
| /f/ ᦝ
| colspan="2" | /s~ɕ/ ᦉ
| || /h/ ᦣ
|-
! Approx.
| /v~w~ʋ/ ᦞ
| /l/ ᦟ
| /j/ ᦊ
| | ||
|}


p t c k '
=== Finals and Tone ===
b d
{| class="wikitable"
m n ñ ŋ
|+ Coda Sounds
  r
|-
  l
! p !! t !! k !! m !! n !! ŋ !! ʔ
s _ _ h
|-
w _ _ j
| ᧇ || ᧆ || ᧅ || ᧄ || ᧃ || ᧂ || ᧁ
|}


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! level !! rising !! departing !! checked
|-
| - || ᧈ || ᧉ || ''coda''
|}


Tones:
The presence of a coda letter marks the checked tone.
# level
# rising
=== Vowels ===
# departing
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
# closed syllable/checked
|+ Vowels and Diphthongs
|-
! !! Front !! Middle !! Back
|-
! High
| /i/ ᦲ || rowspan="2" | /ǝ/ ᦹ  || /u/ ᦴ
|-
! Middle
| /e/ ᦵ
| /o/ ᦷ
|-
! Low
| colspan="3"  | /a/ ᦱ
|}
ai = ᦺ; au=ᦸ, ei=ᦾ; ou = ᦳ






{{Aquatiki}}
{{Aquatiki}}
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/User:Aquatiki/MSEAL"