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Gapauti Phonology
 
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==Grammar==
==Grammar==
Word order is Subject-Object-Verb-Oblique, with adjectives placed before their nouns and postpositions used as adpositions.
*"Mary opened the red door with a key" = "Mary the red door opened with a key"
===Nouns===
====Noun Morphology====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:600px;"
! colspan="2"|
! colspan="2"|Singular
! colspan="2"|Plural
|-
! rowspan="2"|Nominative
! Animate
| child
| '''xirig''' /xi'rig/
| children
| Suffix: '''-''' /-/<br />'''xirig''' /xi'rig/
|-
! Inanimate
| stone
| '''ngeki''' /'ŋeki/
| stones
| Suffix: '''-(a)sh''' /-(a)ʃ/<br />'''ngekish''' /'ŋekiʃ/
|-
! rowspan="2"|Accusative
! Animate
| child
|  Suffix: '''-(u)ki''' /-(u)kʰi/<br />'''xiriguki''' /xi'rigukʰi/
| chidren
|  Suffix: '''-u''' /-u/<br />'''xirigu''' /xi'rigu/
|-
! Inanimate
| stone
| Suffix: '''-(a)g''' /-(a)g/<br />'''ngekig''' /'ŋekig/
| stones
| Suffix: '''-u''' /-u/<br />'''ngekiu''' /'ŋekiu/
|-
! rowspan="2"|Genitive
! Animate
| child's
| Suffix: '''-i''' /-i/<br />'''xirigi''' /xi'rigi/
| children's
| Suffix: '''-(a)sh''' /-(a)ʃ/<br />'''xirigash''' /xi'rigaʃ/
|-
! Inanimate
| stone's
| Suffix: '''-(e)sh''' /-(e)ʃ/ '''ngekish''' /'ŋekiʃ/
| stones'
| Suffix: '''-(e)r''' /-(e)ɾ/ '''ngekish''' /'ŋekiɾ/
|}
====Definitive Article====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:600px;"
! colspan="2"|
! colspan="2"|Singular
! colspan="2"|Plural
|-
! rowspan="2"|Nominative
!Animate
|the [child]
|'''tat''' /tat/
|the [children]
|'''tsap''' /tsap/
|-
!Inanimate
|the [stone]
|'''peg''' /pʰeg/
|the [stones]
|'''peg''' /pʰeg/
|-
! rowspan="2"|Accusative
!Animate
|the [child]
|'''tsa''' /tsa/
|the [children]
|'''ngeg''' /ŋeg/
|-
!Inanimate
|the [stone]
|'''xesh''' /xeʃ/
|the [stones]
|'''shug''' /ʃug/
|-
! rowspan="2"|Genitive
!Animate
|the [child]
|'''tsi''' /tsi/
|the [children]
|'''ngem''' /ŋem/
|-
!Inanimate
|the [stone]
|'''tsush''' /tsuʃ/
|the [stones]
|'''tus''' /tʰus/
|}
Uses of definite article that differ from English:
*Definite article can be omitted: example, ‘I am going to jacuzzi’
*Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns: English's ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’
====Indefinite Article====
Gapauti does not use an indefinite article.
====Personal Pronouns====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:750px;"
|-
!colspan="1"|
!colspan="2"|Nominative
!colspan="2"|Accusative
!colspan="2"|Genitive
!colspan="2"|Dative
|-
!1st. Singular
|I
|'''tse'''<br />/tse/
|me
|'''tsang'''<br />/tsaŋ/
|mine
|'''tse gas'''<br />/tse gas/
|to me
|'''tse tat'''<br />/tse tat/
|-
!2nd. Singular
|you
|'''ti'''<br />/ti/
|you
|'''tet'''<br />/tet/
|yours
|'''ti gas'''<br />/ti gas/
|to you
|'''ti tat'''<br />/ti tat/
|-
!3rd. Singular
|he/she/it
|'''tsi'''<br />/tsi/
|him/her/it
|'''tsu'''<br />/tsu/
|his/hers/its
|'''tsi gas'''<br />/tsi gas/
|to him/her/it
|'''tsi tat'''<br />/tsi tat/
|-
!1st. Plural
|we
|'''par'''<br />/pʰaɾ/
|us
|'''ped'''<br />/pʰed/
|ours
|'''par gas'''<br />/pʰaɾ gas/
|to us
|'''par tat'''<br />/pʰaɾ tat/
|-
!2nd. Plural
|you
|'''ngesh'''<br />/ŋeʃ/
|you
|'''ngesh'''<br />/ŋeʃ/
|yours
|'''ngesh gas'''<br />/ŋeʃ gas/
|to you
|'''ngesh tat'''<br />/ŋeʃ tat/
|-
!3rd. Plural
|they
|'''pig'''<br />/pig/
|them
|'''pir'''<br />/piɾ/
|theirs
|''''pig gas'''<br />/pig gas/
|to them
|'''pig tat'''<br />/pig tat/
|}
===Verbs===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:600px;"
! colspan="2"|
! colspan="1"|Past
! colspan="1"|Present
! colspan="1"|Future
|-
! rowspan="7"|Perfective
!
| ''talked''
| ''talk''
| ''will talk''
|-
! 1st. Sg
| Suffix: '''-(a)sh''' /-(a)ʃ/<br />'''xash''' /xaʃ/
| Suffix: '''-(a)''' /-(a)/<br />'''xa''' /xa/
| Suffix: '''-u''' /-u/<br />'''xau''' /xa'u/
|-
! 2nd. Sg
| Suffix: '''-(e)d''' /-(e)d/<br />'''xad''' /xad/
| Suffix: '''-e''' /-e/<br />'''xae''' /xa'e/
| Suffix: '''-i''' /-i/<br />'''xai''' /xa'i/
|-
! 3rd. Sg
| Suffix: '''-u''' /-u/<br />'''xau''' /xa'u/
| Suffix: '''-(a)xe''' /-(a)xe/<br />'''xaxe''' /xa'xe/
| Suffix: '''-(a)d''' /-(a)d/<br />'''xad''' /xad/
|-
! 1st. Pl
| Suffix: '''-(a)ng''' /-(a)ŋ/<br />'''xang''' /xaŋ/
| Suffix: '''-i''' /-i/<br />'''xai''' /xa'i/
| Suffix: '''-(e)s''' /-(e)s/<br />'''xas''' /xas/
|-
! 2nd. Pl
| Suffix: '''-(e)n''' /-(e)n/<br />'''xan''' /xan/
| Suffix: '''-(e)ngu''' /-(e)ngu/<br />'''xangu''' /xa'ŋu/
| Suffix: '''-i''' /-i/<br />'''xai''' /xa'i/
|-
! 3rd. Pl
| Suffix: '''-i''' /-i/<br />'''xai''' /xa'i/
| Suffix: '''-(e)di''' /-(e)di/<br />'''xadi''' /xa'di/
| Suffix: '''-i''' /-i/<br />'''xai''' /xa'i/
|}
* '''Perfect aspect''' -- uses the word '''shiple''' after the main verb -- ''"have talked"'' or xash shiple ("talked finish")
* '''Progressive aspect''' -- uses the word '''dzi''' after the main verb -- ''"am talking"'' or xa dzi ("talk be")
* '''Imperative''' -- uses the same conjugation as 2nd-person present-tense -- ''"talk!" (as a command)'' or xae
* '''Negation''' -- adds the suffix '''-u''' /-u/ to the verb -- ''"do not talk"'' or xaeu
**Tense affixes come between the root verb and the negative affix
==Common Usage==
===Numbers===
The '''numeral system''' used is Duodecimal (base 12). When using Arabic numerals, please note the following:
*Numbers 0 - 9 are shown as normal
*Number ten is shown as 'A'
*Number eleven is shown as 'B'
*Number twelve is shown as '10' (meaning 1 dozen and 0 units)
**Continuing in this pattern, fourteen is shown as '12' (meaning 1 dozen and 2 units)
===Useful phrases===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! English !! Gapauti !! Pronunciation
|-
| Welcome || Meyit || /'mejit/
|-
| Hello (General greeting) || Xeze || /'xeze/
|-
| How are you? ||  Ti lue puyi || /ti 'lue pu'ji/
|-
| Reply to "how are you?" ||  Tsuash, pukna || /tsu'aʃ 'pʰukna/
|-
| What's your name? || Shid ming ti gas ruknexe? || /ʃid miŋ ti gas ɾukˈnexe/
|-
| My name is ... || ... tse gas ming rukne || /tse gas miŋ ɾukˈne/
|-
| Where are you from? || Ti din dzer tue? || /ti din dzeɾ 'tʰue/
|-
| I'm from ... || Tse din ... tu || /tse din ... tʰu/
|-
| Pleased to meet you || Rupe tugem || /ɾu'pe 'tʰugem/
|-
| Good morning (Morning greeting) || Rupe tat xinsag || /ɾu'pe tat xin'sag/
|-
| Good afternoon (Afternoon greeting) || Rupe tat kas || /ɾu'pe tat kas/
|-
| Good evening (Evening greeting) || Rupe tat kilash || /ɾu'pe tat 'kilaʃ/
|-
| Goodbye (Parting phrase) || Tsuash tatsuti || /tsuˈaʃ tat'sʰuti/
|-
| Good night || Rupe tat kuke || /ɾu'pe tat 'kukʰe/
|-
| Good luck! ||
|-
| Cheers! (Toasts used when drinking) || 
|-
| Bon appetit/ Have a nice meal ||
|-
| I understand ||
|-
| I don't understand ||
|-
| Yes || Yud || /jud/
|-
| No || Ru || /ɾu/
|-
| Maybe || Nu || /nu/
|-
| I don't know ||
|-
| Please speak more slowly ||
|-
| Please write it down ||
|-
| Do you speak English? ||
|-
| Do you speak Kukʉp?||
|-
| Yes, a little (reply to "Do you speak...?") ||
|-
| Speak to me in *** ||
|-
| How do you say ... in ***? ||
|-
| Excuse me ||
|-
| How much is this? ||
|-
| Sorry ||
|-
| Please ||
|-
| Thank you ||
|-
| Reply to thank you ||
|-
| Where's the toilet? ||
|-
| I love you ||
|-
| Get well soon ||
|-
| Help! || Dinge! || /'diŋe/
|-
| Fire! || Yaa! || /ja'a/
|-
| Stop! || Kukese! || /'kʰukʰese/
|-
| Christmas and New Year greetings || 
|-
| Easter greetings ||
|-
| Birthday greetings ||
|-
| One language is never enough ||
|-
| My hovercraft is full of eels ||
|}
===Swear Words===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Gapauti !! Pronunciation !! English !! Notes
|-
| tie ||  /ti'e/ || you || pronoun, conveys annoyance, may be used with affection
|-
| die || /di'e/ || you || pronoun, vulgar, commonly used by younger folk
|-
| tedzii || /tedzi'i/ || you || pronoun, conveys hatred and/or disgust
|-
| ada kuris || /a'da 'kʰuris/ || crap, damn || exclamation, "hot sand"
|-
| renghunsadulap || /reŋhunsa'dulap/ || a foolish, awkward, or clumsy person || noun, "a cracked shell"
|-
| kilat || /kʰi'lat/ || gross, cool (fashionable) || adjective, mild, versatile, difficult to translate
|-
| kues mitash || /kʰu'es 'mitaʃ/ || fucking fantastic || exclamation, a vulgar way to express happiness, "rotten eyeballs"
|-
| renghunsagad tsulengaki || /reŋ'hunsagad tsʰu'leŋakʰi/ || idiot, asshole || noun, "a cracked egg"
|-
| tsulengaki tsalere seyyush ripeta || /tsʰu'leŋakʰi tsa'leɾe 'sejjuʃ ri'petʰa/ || fuck off || verb, "lay an egg in a fish", often shorted to 'tsulengaki tsalere'
|-
| tsulenga renghunsagin || /tsʰu'leŋa reŋ'hunsagin/ || --- || noun, vulgar, offensive, "an egg cracker"
|-
| tsulenga taten || /tsʰu'leŋa 'taten/ || --- || noun, vulgar, very offensive, frequently used to start a fight, "an egg eater"
|}
===Common names===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Pronunciation !! Translation !! Notes
|-
| Beyigi || /'bejigi/ || little sound || "sound" + diminutive suffix
|-
| Dexiting || /de'xitiŋ/ || sea-sky ||
|-
| Dureng || /'dureŋ/ || ocean ||
|-
| Durengzash || /du'reŋzaʃ/ || ocean-power ||
|-
| Kuyi || /'kuji/ || beautiful ||
|-
| Kurisashpele || /kurisaʃ'pele/ || sandy shore || "sand" + (N > Adj) suffix + "shore"
|-
| Luku || /'luku/ || current ||
|-
| Milee || /mi'lee/ || treasure || "precious" + (Adj > N) suffix
|-
| Mukeiyaad || /mukei'jaad/ || brightest star || "bright" + augmentative suffix + "star"
|-
| Nuyen || /nu'jen/ || warrior ||
|-
| Palad || /pa'lad/ || joy ||
|-
| Payegapa || /Pajega'pa/ || cool breeze ||
|-
| Pege || /'pege/ || young one || "young" + (Adj > N) suffix
|-
| Pidag || /'pidag/ || gift ||
|-
| Puda || /'puda/ || pearl ||
|-
| Tettee || /tet'tee/ || clever one || "clever" + (Adj > N) suffix
|-
| Ting || /tiŋ/ || sky ||
|-
| Xukee || /'xuhee/ || calm one || "calm" + (Adj > N) suffix
|-
| Xulang || /'xulaŋ/ || song ||
|-
| Yaa || /ja'a/ || fire ||
|-
| Zae || /'zae/ || good one || "good" + (Adj > N) suffix
|-
| Zitsakesh || /zitsa'keʃ/ || sweetheart ||
|-
| Nge || /ŋe/ || friend ||
|-
| Ngeki || /'ŋeki/ || stone ||
|-
| Ngelerin || /'ŋeleɾin/ || trickster || "trick" + (one who Xs) suffix
|-
| Ngeyish || /ŋe'jiʃ/ || home ||
|-
| Shatyakabus || /ʃatjaka'bus/ || storm winds ||
|-
| Shiy || /ʃij/ || strong ||
|-
| Atad || /a'tad/ || famous one || "well" + "know" + (V > Adj) suffix
|-
| Ebu || /e'bu/ || flower ||
|}
===See also===
*[[Gapauti/Lexicon|Vocabulary]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Gapauti]]
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Gapauti"