Linguifex

Kiwi: Difference between revisions

← Older edit
No edit summary
 
(11 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 3: Line 3:
|imagesize =  
|imagesize =  
|name = Kiwi
|name = Kiwi
|nativename = ''Taʻ rī kiwinikaʻ''
|nativename = Taʻ rī kiwinikaʻ
|pronunciation=  /tǎʔ rɪː kɪˌwɪɲɪˈkáʔ/
|pronunciation=  tǎʔ rɪː kɪˌwɪɲɪˈkáʔ
|region = [[w:Pacific ocean|Pacific ocean]]
|setting = [[w:Pacific ocean|Pacific ocean]]
|states = [[w:Easter Island|Easter Island]]
|nation = [[w:Easter Island|Easter Island]]
|speakers = ⅜  
|speakers = ⅜  
|date = 2013
|date = 2013
Line 12: Line 12:
|family=Rana languages
|family=Rana languages
|ancestor=Proto-Rana
|ancestor=Proto-Rana
|script=[[w:Latin script|Latin]], [[w:Devanagari script|Devanagari]]
|script1=Latn
|agency=
|script2=Deva
|iso1=ki
|clcr=qki
|iso2=ki
|iso3=qki
|notice=IPA
|notice=IPA
|creator=User:Waahlis
}}
}}


Line 250: Line 249:
[[File:Horses, some wild, some owned, roam Easter Island freely.jpg|255px|thumb|right|Moai statues on [[w:Easter Island|Easter Island]], called ''moʻai'' in Kiwi, as well as a few wild horses. Horses are called ''tototō'', by the way.]]
[[File:Horses, some wild, some owned, roam Easter Island freely.jpg|255px|thumb|right|Moai statues on [[w:Easter Island|Easter Island]], called ''moʻai'' in Kiwi, as well as a few wild horses. Horses are called ''tototō'', by the way.]]
{{Gloss
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{c|wōri}} kirānaʻ
|phrase = {{term|wōri}} kirānaʻ
|IPA = /woːˈrɪ́ cɪraːˈnáʔ/
|IPA = /woːˈrɪ́ cɪraːˈnáʔ/
|morphemes = wōri ki-rānaʻ
|morphemes = wōri ki-rānaʻ
Line 258: Line 257:


{{Gloss
{{Gloss
|phrase = yi{{c|wōri}} rānaʻ
|phrase = yi{{term|wōri}} rānaʻ
|IPA = /jɪwoːˈrɪ́ raːˈnáʔ/
|IPA = /jɪwoːˈrɪ́ raːˈnáʔ/
|morphemes = yi-wōri rānaʻ
|morphemes = yi-wōri rānaʻ
Line 268: Line 267:


{{Gloss
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{c|ʻūluna}} tāʻikulāʻ
|phrase = {{term|ʻūluna}} tāʻikulāʻ
|IPA = /ʔuːluˈnɑ taːʔɪquˈlaːʔ/
|IPA = /ʔuːluˈnɑ taːʔɪquˈlaːʔ/
|morphemes = ʻūluna tāʻi-kulāʻ
|morphemes = ʻūluna tāʻi-kulāʻ
Line 276: Line 275:


{{Gloss
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{c|ʻuhūluna}} tāʻikekulāʻ
|phrase = {{term|ʻuhūluna}} tāʻikekulāʻ
|IPA = /ʔuhuːluˈna taːʔɪkɛquˈlàːʔ/
|IPA = /ʔuhuːluˈna taːʔɪkɛquˈlàːʔ/
|morphemes = ʻu~hūluna tāʻi-ke~kulāʻ
|morphemes = ʻu~hūluna tāʻi-ke~kulāʻ
Line 289: Line 288:
The paucal denotes singular entity nouns, as well as a few nouns, or a small group. It is equivalent to the [[w:English language|English]] singular, but less defined. The paucal is the lemma form of the nouns, and thus implicitly unmarked.
The paucal denotes singular entity nouns, as well as a few nouns, or a small group. It is equivalent to the [[w:English language|English]] singular, but less defined. The paucal is the lemma form of the nouns, and thus implicitly unmarked.
{{Gloss
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{c|ʻūluna}}
|phrase = {{term|ʻūluna}}
|IPA = /ʔuːluˈna/
|IPA = /ʔuːluˈna/
|morphemes = ʻūluna
|morphemes = ʻūluna
Line 296: Line 295:
}}
}}
{{Gloss
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{c|kaukaʻi}}
|phrase = {{term|kaukaʻi}}
|IPA = /qauqaˈʔɪ́/
|IPA = /qauqaˈʔɪ́/
|morphemes = kaukaʻi
|morphemes = kaukaʻi
Line 304: Line 303:


{{Gloss
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{c|taʻuka}}
|phrase = {{term|taʻuka}}
|IPA = /taʔuˈqa/
|IPA = /taʔuˈqa/
|morphemes = taʻuka
|morphemes = taʻuka
Line 312: Line 311:


{{Gloss
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{c|kuʻe}}
|phrase = {{term|kuʻe}}
|IPA = /quˈʔɛ́/
|IPA = /quˈʔɛ́/
|morphemes = kuʻe
|morphemes = kuʻe
Line 350: Line 349:


{{Gloss
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{c|ʻuhūluna}}
|phrase = {{term|ʻuhūluna}}
|IPA = /ʔuhuːluˈna/
|IPA = /ʔuhuːluˈna/
|morphemes = ʻu~ʻūluna
|morphemes = ʻu~ʻūluna
Line 357: Line 356:
}}
}}
{{Gloss
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{c|kikaukaʻi}}
|phrase = {{term|kikaukaʻi}}
|IPA = /cɪqauqaˈʔɪ́/
|IPA = /cɪqauqaˈʔɪ́/
|morphemes = ki~kaukaʻi
|morphemes = ki~kaukaʻi
Line 365: Line 364:


{{Gloss
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{c|titaʻuka}}
|phrase = {{term|titaʻuka}}
|IPA = /tɪtaʔuˈqa/
|IPA = /tɪtaʔuˈqa/
|morphemes = ti~taʻuka
|morphemes = ti~taʻuka
Line 373: Line 372:


{{Gloss
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{c|kekuʻe}}
|phrase = {{term|kekuʻe}}
|IPA = /cɛquˈʔɛ́/
|IPA = /cɛquˈʔɛ́/
|morphemes = kuʻe
|morphemes = kuʻe
Line 411: Line 410:
| ''anā''
| ''anā''
| ''aʻanā''
| ''aʻanā''
| ''yei''
| ''ei''
| ''ʻiyē''
| ''yē''
| ''oukā''
| ''oukā''
| ''uʻoukā''
| ''uʻoukā''
Line 473: Line 472:
| ''aʻāna''
| ''aʻāna''
|}
|}
====The zeroth person and indefiniteness====
====The zeroth person and indefiniteness====
The so-called zeroth person ({{sc|0}}) in the Kiwi language, is a catch-all indefinite pronoun. It is used to convey the following meanings:*''someone'', ''anyone'', ''all''
The so-called zeroth person ({{sc|0}}) in the Kiwi language, is a catch-all indefinite pronoun. It is used to convey the following meanings:
*''someone'', ''anyone'', ''all''
*''one'', ''a''/''an''
*''one'', ''a''/''an''
*''you'', ''they'', ''one'' (indefinite)The usage makes it equivalent to ''[[wikt:man|man]]'' in German, Swedish, et al., French ''[[wikt:on|on]]'' as well as ''[[wikt:ei|ei]]'' in Finnish. ''To be continued''.
*''you'', ''they'', ''one'' (generic) The usage makes it equivalent to ''[[wikt:man|man]]'' in German, Swedish, et al., French ''[[wikt:on|on]]'' as well as ''[[wikt:ei|ei]]'' in Finnish. ''To be continued''.
 
 
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{blue|ʻAhu}}makaʻī ne!
|IPA = /ʔahumaˈqaʔɪ: nɛ/
|morphemes = {{blue|ʻahu}}-makaʻī ne
|gloss = {{blue|0}}>4sg-to_eat.NFUT NEG
|translation = You don't eat that!
}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{blue|ʻAhu}}kiwēʻa.
|IPA = /ʔahucɪˈwe̞ːʔa/
|morphemes = {{blue|ʻahu}}-kiwēʻa
|gloss = {{blue|0}}>4sg-to_know.NFUT
|translation = One/everybody knows that.
}}
 
{{Gloss
|phrase = {{blue|ʻUngu}}rāma wa;
|IPA = /ʔuŋuˈɾæːma wa/
|morphemes = {{blue|ʻungu}}-rāma wa
|gloss = 2sg>{{blue|0}}-to_regret.NFUT Q
|translation = Do you regret anything?
}}


====The fourth person and obviation====
====The fourth person and obviation====
Line 493: Line 518:


{{Gloss
{{Gloss
|phrase = Taʻahukakiʻ;
|phrase = {{blue|Taʻahu}}kakiʻ wa;
|IPA = /taʔahuqaˈcɪ́/
|IPA = /taʔahuqaˈcɪ́ wa/
|morphemes = taʻahu-kakiʻ-∅
|morphemes = {{blue|taʻahu}}-kakiʻ-∅ wa
|gloss = 3sg>4sg-to_dislike-NFUT
|gloss = 3sg>{{blue|4sg}}-to_dislike-NFUT Q
|translation = Didn't he like him/it?
|translation = Didn't he like him/it?
}}
}}  
{{Gloss
{{Gloss
|phrase = Weʻakiwēʻa, kukiwēʻa.
|phrase = Weʻakiwēʻa, {{blue|ku}}kiwēʻa.
|IPA =/wɛʔacɪwe̞ːˈʔa qucɪwe̞ːˈʔa/  
|IPA =/wɛʔacɪwe̞ːˈʔa qucɪwe̞ːˈʔa/  
|morphemes = weʻa-kiwēʻa-∅ ku-kiwēʻa-∅
|morphemes = weʻa-kiwēʻa-∅ {{blue|ku}}-kiwēʻa-∅
|gloss = 1sg>3sg-to_know-NFUT 1sg>4sg-to_know-NFUT
|gloss = 1sg>3sg-to_know-NFUT 1sg>{{blue|4sg}}-to_know-NFUT
|translation =  I know this, I know that.
|translation =  I know this, I know that.
}}
}}


{{Gloss
{{Gloss
|phrase = Taʻahumiraʻ manitanēʻ.
|phrase = {{blue|Taʻahu}}miraʻ {{blue|mani}}tanēʻ.
|IPA = /taʔahumɪráʔ maɲɪtaně̞ːʔ/
|IPA = /taʔahumɪráʔ maɲɪtaně̞ːʔ/
|morphemes = taʻahu-miraʻ-∅ mani-tanēʻ-∅
|morphemes = {{blue|taʻahu}}-miraʻ-∅ {{blue|mani}}-tanēʻ-∅
|gloss = 3sg>4sg-to_see-NFUT 4sg>4sg-to_do-NFUT
|gloss = 3sg>{{blue|4sg}}-to_see-NFUT {{blue|4sg>4sg}}-to_do-NFUT
|translation = She saw him do that.
|translation = She saw him do that.
}}
}}
Line 521: Line 546:
====Person====
====Person====
=====Unipersonal agreement=====
=====Unipersonal agreement=====
There is no unipersonal agreement in the Kiwi language; an intransitive verb, one that does not take an object, dos not conjugate according to the subject. Instead you use the personal pronouns or noun phrase in question.
{{Gloss
|phrase = Anā miʻā.
|IPA = /ˈanaː ˈmɪʔaː/
|morphemes = anā miʻā
|gloss = 1pc.NOM to_see.NFUT
|translation = I see.
}}
{{Gloss
|phrase = ʻUmāni yē.
|IPA = /ʔuˈmaːɲɪ ˈje̞ː/
|morphemes = ʻumāni yē
|gloss =  to_watch_out.NFUT 2pl.NOM
|translation = Do watch out, guys.
}}
=====Bipersonal agreement=====
=====Bipersonal agreement=====
The bipersonal prefixes agree with both the subject and the [[w:grammatical object|object]] simultaneously. They have the following transivity direction: {{sc|subject}}>{{sc|object}}
The bipersonal prefixes agree with both the subject and the [[w:grammatical object|object]] simultaneously. They have the following transivity direction: {{sc|subject}}>{{sc|object}}
Line 534: Line 575:
! 0
! 0
| -
| -
|'''e-''
|''ʻe-''
|''hai-''
|''hai-''
|''hane-''
|''hane-''
|'''ahu-''
|''ʻahu-''
|-
|-
! 1
! 1
|''na'a-''
|''naʻa-''
| -
| -
|''ki-''
|''ki-''
|''we'a-''
|''weʻa-''
|''ku-''
|''ku-''
|-
|-
! 2
! 2
|''nekē-''
|''nuku-''
|''ngi-''
|''ngi-''
| -
| -
|''ke'a-''
|''ke'a-''
|''neku-''
|''ʻungu-''
|-
|-
! 3
! 3
|''tina-''
|''tina-''
|''nē-''
|''ne-''
|''tu-''
|''tu-''
| -
| -
Line 561: Line 602:
|-
|-
! 4
! 4
|''ma'e-''
|''maʻe-''
|'''ano-''
|''ʻano-''
|''mi-''
|''mi-''
|''nama'ī-''
|''namaʻī-''
|''mani-''
|''mani-''
|}
|}
Line 623: Line 664:




[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:A priori]][[Category:Kiwi]]
[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:A priori]][[Category:Jasi-Jivan languages]][[Category:Kiwi]][[Category:User:Waahlis]]
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Kiwi"