Old Swuntsim: Difference between revisions

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-'''{{PAGENAME}}''' was the ancient [[Tsimulh languages|Tsimulh language]] spoken by the Swutsim people. It is still often used as a liturgical language among religious Swutsim.
+[[Sacred Swuntsim/Swadesh list]]
+'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''tiSxwəncim'') was the ancient [[Tsimulh languages|Tsimulh language]] spoken by the Swuntsim people. It is still used as a liturgical language among [[Verse:Tricin/Swuntsim people|religious Swuntsim]].
 Descendants:
-*[[Talman Swutsim]]
+*Modern [[Swuntsim]]
-*Naquian Swutsim
+*Naquian Swuntsim
+==GMP==
+Tsimulh low tone > breathy voice (vowels not devoiced yet; devoiced vowels are partly merged)
+Two consecutive breathy vowels > just the first vowel drops.
+Satemization
+==Phonology==
+Sacred Swuntsim lost Proto-Tsimulh tones.
+===Consonants===
+{| class="bluetable" style=text-align:center
+|-style="font-size: 90%;"
+!colspan=2 rowspan=2|
+!rowspan=2| Bilabial
+!colspan=2| Alveolar
+!rowspan=2| Palatal
+!colspan=2| Velar
+!colspan=2| Uvular
+!rowspan=2| Glottal
+|-
+! <small>central</small>
+! <small>lateral</small>
+! <small>plain</small>
+! <small>labialized</small>
+! <small>plain</small>
+! <small>labialized</small>
+|-
+!colspan=2| Nasal
+| m
+| n
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|-
+!rowspan=3| Stop
+! <small>plain</small>
+| p
+| t
+|
+|
+| k
+| kw
+|
+|
+| ʔ
+|-
+! <small>voiced</small>
+| b
+| d
+|
+|
+| g
+| gw
+|
+|
+|
+|-
+! <small>ejective</small>
+| pʼ
+| tʼ
+|
+|
+| kʼ
+| kwʼ
+| qʼ
+| qwʼ
+|
+|-
+!rowspan=3| Affricate
+! <small>plain</small>
+|
+| c
+| ξ
+| č
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|-
+! <small>voiced</small>
+|
+| z
+|
+| j
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|-
+! <small>ejective</small>
+|
+| cʼ
+| ξʼ
+| čʼ
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|
+|-
+!colspan=2| Fricative
+|
+| s
+| σ
+| š
+|
+| xw
+| χ
+| χw
+| h
+|-
+!colspan=2| Approximant
+|
+|
+|
+| y
+|
+| w
+| ȝ
+| ȝw
+|
+|}
+===Vowels===
+Clear vowels: ''i u ə a''
 ==Grammar==
 Noun class system got weird - formal noun classes remain but the words semantically shift as in Sanskrit
-[[Category:Tsimulh languages]]
+===Nouns===
+====Noun classes====
+Sacred Swuntsim had a noun class system like the Bantu languages. There were 12 noun classes, which are numbered as follows:
+#''ʔə-'', pl. ''cə-''
+#''bu-'', pl. ''də-''
+#''p-'', pl. ''əpi-''
+#''s-'', pl. ''dus-''
+#''ut-'', pl. ''pσə-''
+#''ma-'', pl. ''əwə-''
+#''č-'', pl. ''abi-''
+#''gu-'', pl. ''N-''
+#''σi-'', pl. ''wi-''
+#''t-''
+#''t’im-''
+#''pda-''
+====Cases====
+*Nominative: ''-0''
+*Genitive: ''-s''
+===Verbs===
+====Noun class prefixes====
+*I = ''kwə-/kw-''
+*you (sg) = ''xwə-/xw-''
+*we = ''wə-''
+*you (pl) = ''cu-''
+*Noun class prefixes:
+*#''ʔə-'', pl. ''cə-/c-''
+*#''bu-'', pl. ''də-/d-''
+*#''p-'', pl. ''əpi-/əp-''
+*#''s-'', pl. ''dus-''
+*#''ut-'', pl. ''pσə-/pσ-''
+*#''ma-/mə-'', pl. ''əwə-/u-''
+*#''k-/č-'', pl. ''abi-/əb-''
+*#''gu-'', pl. ''N-''
+*#''σi-/σ-'', pl. ''wi-''
+*#''ti-/t-'', no plural
+*#''t’im-'', no plural
+*#''pda-/pdə-'' (common for abstract nouns), no plural
+====Tense affixes====
+''-s'' - past tense
+===Numbers===
+[[Category:Tsimulh languages|*]]