Guide:Ditransitive verbs: Difference between revisions
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*'''{{lg|Passive Voice}}''': The passive voice can be applied and render the verb a transitive verb, though wether the theme or the recipient is promoted to agent depends on the language's alignment. | *'''{{lg|Passive Voice}}''': The passive voice can be applied and render the verb a transitive verb, though wether the theme or the recipient is promoted to agent depends on the language's alignment. | ||
*'''{{lg|Anti-passive Voice}}''': This voice can be applied and like the passive makes the verb a transitive one, an interesting fact about this is that in almost all languages it always applies to the theme and never the recipient, regardless of the language's actual alignment. Anti-passive voice demotes the {{green|'''object'''}} ({{purple|''theme''}}) and promotes the {{red|'''agent'''}} ({{yellow|donor}}). "''{{yellow|'''I'''}} gave {{cyan|'''John'''}} {{purple|'''the book'''}}''" becomes "''{{red|'''I'''}} was given {{green|'''John'''}}''", But it does not mean what it would for an English speaker, in English it would mean "John was given something by me" or "I gave john something" | *'''{{lg|Anti-passive Voice}}''': This voice can be applied and like the passive makes the verb a transitive one, an interesting fact about this is that in almost all languages it always applies to the theme and never the recipient, regardless of the language's actual alignment. Anti-passive voice demotes the {{green|'''object'''}} ({{purple|''theme''}}) and promotes the {{red|'''agent'''}} ({{yellow|donor}}). "''{{yellow|'''I'''}} gave {{cyan|'''John'''}} {{purple|'''the book'''}}''" becomes "''{{red|'''I'''}} was given {{green|'''John'''}}''", But it does not mean what it would for an English speaker, in English it would mean "{{cyan|'''John'''}} was given {{purple|'''something'''}} {{yellow|'''by me'''}}" or "I gave john something" | ||
Using the english verb "to give" as an example. "I gave John a book" is in passive voice "John was given a book", This should not be confused with "The book was given", which would be the passive voice form of "I gave a book", The English verb "give" is ambitranistive and can be either ditranistive or transitive in this regard. | Using the english verb "to give" as an example. "I gave John a book" is in passive voice "John was given a book", This should not be confused with "The book was given", which would be the passive voice form of "I gave a book", The English verb "give" is ambitranistive and can be either ditranistive or transitive in this regard. | ||
==Alignments== | ==Alignments== | ||
{{Main|Morphosyntactic alignment}} | {{Main|linguistics:Morphosyntactic alignment}} | ||
Languages are classified as possessing one or more of several {{lg|Morphosyntactic alignment|morphosyntactic alignment}} depending on how they {{lg|Role Marking|mark}} the arguments in {{lg|Intransitive Verbs|intransitive}} and transitive verbs. The same can be done between transitive verbs and ditransitive verbs, though slightly differently - and more rarely in natural languages. | Languages are classified as possessing one or more of several {{lg|Morphosyntactic alignment|morphosyntactic alignment}} depending on how they {{lg|Role Marking|mark}} the arguments in {{lg|Intransitive Verbs|intransitive}} and transitive verbs. The same can be done between transitive verbs and ditransitive verbs, though slightly differently - and more rarely in natural languages. | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
[ | *[https://web.archive.org/web/20160328162526id_/email.eva.mpg.de/~haspelmt/DitransitiveOverview.pdf] | ||
*[https://www.eva.mpg.de/fileadmin/content_files/staff/haspelmt/pdf/DitransitiveAlignment.pdf] | |||
[[Category: | [[Category:Guides]] | ||