Linguifex

Yattano: Difference between revisions

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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
|colspan=3| '''''Stops'''''
! Grapheme !! IPA Symbol !! Description and Notes
|-
|-
| '''b''' || /b/ || as in ‘bee’
| k || [k] || Voiceless velar plosive
|-
|-
| '''p''' || /p/ || as in ‘pea’
| p || [p] || Voiceless bilabial plosive
|-
|-
| '''d''' || /d/ || as in ‘deed’
| t || [t] || Voiceless dental plosive
|-
|-
| '''t''' || /t/ || as in ‘tea’
| n || [n] || (Voiced) alveolar nasal. Can be pronounced as [ŋ] before k and g.
|-
|-
| '''g''' || /g/ || as in ‘get’
| m || [m] || (Voiced) bilabial nasal
|-
|-
| '''k''' || /k/ || as in ‘key’
| s || [s] || Voiceless alveolar fricative
|-
|-
|colspan=3| '''''Fricatives'''''
| j || [j] || Palatal approximant
|-
|-
| '''s''' || /s/ || as in ‘see’
| š || [ʃ] || Voiceless post-alveolar fricative
|-
|-
| '''z''' || /z/ || as in ‘zed’
| č || [t͡ʃ] || Voiceless post-alveolar fricative
|-
|-
| '''sh''' || /ʃ/ || as in ‘she’
| r || [ɾ] || Alveolar tap
|-
|-
|colspan=3| '''''Affricates'''''
| b || [b] || Voiced bilabial plosive
|-
|-
| '''č''' || /t͡ʃ/ || as in ‘cheek’
| g || [g] || Voiced velar plosive
|-
|-
| '''ž''' || /d͡ʒ/ || as in ‘jam’
| d || [d] || Voiced dental plosive
|-
|-
|colspan=3| '''''Nasals and Liquids'''''
| đ || [d͡ʒ] || Voiced post-alveolar fricative
|-
| '''m''' || /m/ || as in ‘me’
|-
| '''n''' || /n/ || as in ‘need’
|-
| '''r''' || /r/ || as in Japanese ’raku’
|-
|colspan=3| '''''Semi-Vowels'''''
|-
| '''j''' || /j/ || as in ‘yesterday’
|-
|-
| z || [z] || Voiced alveolar fricative
|}
|}


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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
| Back Vowels || IPA
! Grapheme !! IPA Symbol !! Description and notes
|-
|-
| a || /a/
| a || [a] || Open front unrounded vowel
|-
|-
| o || /o/
| e || [e] || Close mid-front unrounded vowel
|-
|-
| u || /u/
| i || [i] || Close front unrounded vowel
|-
|-
| Front Vowels || IPA
| o || [o] || Close mid-back rounded vowel
|-
|-
| e || /e/
| u || [u] || Close back rounded vowel
|-
|-
| i || /i/
| ö || [ø] || Close mid-front rounded vowel
|-
| ö || /ø/
|}
|}


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====Stress====
====Stress====


Stress is usually on the second-to-last syllable of the word, but it can sometimes be on the last syllable too. Stress cannot change a word's meaning.
Stress is usually on the second-to-last syllable of the word, but it can sometimes be on the last syllable too. Stress usually doesn't change the meaning of a word.


====Intonation====
====Intonation====
* To indicate that a sentence is a question, the pitch of the last syllable sharply rises.
* When there are two or more adjectives modifying a noun, or there is a list of nouns or there is a list of choices, the pitch of the last syllables of all words except that of the last words fall. The final syllable of the last word rises.


===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
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====Diphtongs====
====Diphtongs====


Note that the vowel "ö" is not allowed to form a diphtong.
Note that the vowel "ö" is not allowed to form a diphthong.


{|
{|
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|}
|}


===Consonant clusters====
====Consonant clusters====


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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===Nouns===
===Nouns===


There are 10 noun cases that are marked on the noun in Yattano: transitive, intransitive, abessive, existive, derivative or inalienable possessive, genitive, equative, postpositional, perlative
There are 11 noun cases that are marked on the '''noun''' in Yattano: transitive, intransitive, abessive, existive or ornative, derivative or inalienable possessive, genitive, equative, postpositional, final or benefactive, interal, distributive. There are also 12 cases that are marked on the '''verb''' rather than the noun: locative, dative or terminative, ablative or egressive, illative, causal-final (so that, for), causal-final (because, since), instrumental, cronitive, comitative, translative, adverbial, elative.
 
====Noun cases marked on the noun====
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Noun type !! G1 Nouns !! G2 Nouns !! G3 Nouns
|-
| Transitive || — || — || -ru
|-
| Intransitive || -n || -n || -ti
|-
| Abessive || et(e)- || at(a)- || ot(o)-
|-
| Existive/Ornative || ya- || yani- || yaku-
|-
| Derivative || -nu || -kasu || -kaa
|-
| Genitive || az(i)- || iš(o)- || ay(a)-
|-
| Postpositional || s(u)- || aa- || —
|-
| Equative || -muu || -kuu || -suu
|-
| Final/Benefactive || -šai || -šai || -šai
|-
| Interal || čo- || čo- || čo-
|-
| Distributive || yo- || yo- || yo-
|-
|}
 
====Noun cases marked on the verb====
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Object Type !! G1 Noun !! G2 Noun !! G3 Noun
|-
| Locative || ka- || sa- || ta-
|-
| Dative/Terminative || ši- || ša (double cons.)- || naa-
|-
| Ablative/Eggressive || mira- || mika- || pii-
|-
| Illative || pen(i)- || ett(a)- || itt(e)-
|-
| Causal/Final (for) || naa- || naa- || naa-
|-
| Causal/Final (because) || kuu- || kuu- || kuu-
|-
| Instrumental || đa- || đa- || đa-
|-
| Cronitive || kag(o)- || nig(o)- || g(o)-
|-
| Comitative || Example || Example || Example
|-
| Translative || Example || Example || Example
|-
| Adverbial || Example || Example || Example
|-
| Elative || Example || Example || Example
|}
 
==Syntax==
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
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