User:Ceige/Cauvit: Difference between revisions

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{| class="wikitable"

|-

! Proto-Austronesian Blust & Trussel 2017 !! Proto-Cauwit PEA-inspired phonology !! Proto-Cauvit PE inspired !~~! Sauvit~~ Inupiaq/Natsilik inspired !! Saavit Kalaallisut inspired

!style="background: #dff1e0;"| Proto-Austronesian Blust & Trussel 2017

!style="background: #f0f1df;"| Proto-Cauwit PEA-inspired phonology

!style="background: #f1e9df;"| Proto-Cauvit PE inspired

!style="background: #f1dfe5;"| Sauvič Inupiaq/Natsilik inspired

!style="background: #ece0f0;"| Saavit Kalaallisut inspired

|-

| p /p/ || p /p/ || p /p/ ||colspan=2| Same as Proto-Cauvit

| p /p/ || p /p/ ||style="background:#d6e1ec"| p /p/ ||colspan=2| Same as Proto-Cauvit

|-

| b /b/ || p /p/, -v- /v/ ||

| b /b/ || p /p/, -v- /v/ ||style="background:#d6e1ec"| p /p/, v /v/ ||colspan=2| Same as Proto-Cauvit

|-

| m /m/ || m /m/

| m /m/ || m /m/ ||style="background:#d6e1ec"| m /m/ ||colspan=2| Same as Proto-Cauvit

|-

| w /w/ || v /v/

| w /w/ || w /w/ ||style="background:#d6e1ec"| v /v/, uv- /uv/ ||colspan=2| Same as Proto-Cauvit

|-

| t /t/ || t /t/

| t /t/ || t /t/ ||style="background:#d1ebeb"| t /t/ || t /t/, +i: /tʃ/ || t /t/, +i: /s/

|-

| d /d/ || t /t/, -ð- /ð/ || t /t/, Ø || t /~~t/, Ø~~

| d /d/ || t /t/, -ð- /ð/ ||style="background:#d1ebeb"| t /t/, Ø ||colspan=2| Same as Proto-Cauvit

|-

| n /n/ || n /n/ || n /n/ || ~~n /n~~/

| n /n/ || n /n/ ||style="background:#d1ebeb"| n /n/ ||colspan=2| Same as Proto-Cauvit

|-

| S /s/ || s /s/ || s /s/ || ~~s /s~~/

| S /s/ || s /s/ ||style="background:#d1ebeb"| s /s/ ||colspan=2| Same as Proto-Cauvit

|-

| C /t͡s/ || c /t͡s/ || s /s/,

| C /t͡s/ || c /t͡s/ ||style="background:#d1ebeb"| c /t͡s/ || s /s/, +i: š /ʃ/ || s /s/

|-

| l /l/ || l /l/

| l /l/ || l /l/ ||style="background:#d1ebeb"| l /l/ || l /l/, +i: ľ /ʎ/ || l /l/, +gem: ll /ɬ(:)/

|-

| r /ɾ/ ||style="background:#f1dfe5;"| ř /sʲ~ɾ~ɟ/

| r /ɾ/ ||style="background:#f1dfe5;"| ř /sʲ~ɾ~ɟ/ ||style="background:#d1ebeb"| Ø? t~l? ð? || ?? || [s'''kr'''æling > '''k'''a'''l'''aalleq]

|-

| ñ /ɲ/ || ň /ɲ/

| ñ /ɲ/ || ň /ɲ/ ||style="background:#d1ebeb"| n /n/ || n /n/ +i: ň /ɲ/ || n /n/

|-

| s /ç/ || š /sʲ/

| s /ç/ || š /sʲ/ ||style="background:#d1ebeb"| s /s/ || s /s/ +i: š /ʃ/ || s /s/

|-

| c /c͡ç/ || č /t͡sʲ/

| c /c͡ç/ || č /t͡sʲ/ ||style="background:#d1ebeb"| c /t͡s/ || s /s/ +i: š /ʃ/ || s /s/

|-

| z /ɟ͡ʝ/ ||style="background:#f1dfe5;"| ž /ɟ/ (ř?)

| z /ɟ͡ʝ/ ||style="background:#f1dfe5;"| ž /ɟ/ (ř?) ||style="background:#dff1ed"| ž /ɟ/ || ž /ʐ/ || (i)s(i), s- /s/, (i)Ø(v), -j- /j/?

|-

| N /lʲ/ || ň /ɲ/

| N /lʲ/ || ň /ɲ/ ||style="background:#d1ebeb"| n /n/ || n /n/ +i: ň /ɲ/ || n /n/

|-

| y /j/ || j /j/

| y /j/ || j /j/ ||style="background:#dff1ed"| j /j/, ij- /ij/? || j /j/, č- /ʃ/ || j /j/, s- /s/

<!--|-

| D /ɖ/ || -->

|-

| k

| k /k/ || k /k/ ||style="background:#dff1e0"| k /k/ ||colspan=2| Same as Proto-Cauvit

|-

| g /g/

| g /g/ || k /k/, -g- /ɣ~g/ ||style="background:#dff1e0"| k /k/, -g- /ɣ~g/ || colspan=2| Same as Proto-Cauvit

|-

| j /ɡʲ/ ||style="background:#f1dfe5;"| ž /ɟ/ (ř?)

| j /ɡʲ/ ||style="background:#f1dfe5;"| ž /ɟ/ (ř?) ||style="background:#dff1ed"| ž /ɟ/ || ž /ʐ/ || (i)s(i), s- /s/, (i)Ø(v), -j- /j/?

|-

| ŋ /ŋ/

| ŋ /ŋ/ || ŋ /ŋ/ ||style="background:#dff1e0"| Ø-, -ŋ/Ø- /ŋ~Ø/ ||colspan=2| Same as Proto-Cauvit

|-

| q /q/ || q /q/ || q /q/

| q /q/ || q /q/ ||style="background:#f0f1df"| q /q/, r /ʁ/ ||colspan=2| Same as Proto-Cauvit

|-

| h /h/ || Ø

| h /h/ || h /h/ || Ø ||colspan=2| Same as Proto-Cauvit

|-

| R /r/ or /ʀ/

| R /r/ or /ʀ/ || q /q/, -r- /ʁ/ ||style="background:#f0f1df"| q /q/, -r- /ʁ/ || q /q/, -r- /ʁ/, VØV || q /q/, -r- /ʁ/, VØV /V:/

|-

| i /i/ || i /i/, e /e/

| i /i/ || i /i/, +uvu: e /e/ ||style="background:#dff1ed"| i /i/, e /e/, +lab /y/ ||colspan=2| Same as Proto-Cauvit

|-

| u /u/ || u /u/, o /o/

| u /u/ || u /u/, +uvu: o /o/ ||style="background:#dff1e0"| u /u/, o /o/ ||colspan=2| Same as Proto-Cauvit

|-

| a /a/ || a /a~ɑ/

| a /a/ || a /a~ɑ/ ||style="background:#f0f1df"| a /a~ɑ/ ||colspan=2| Same as Proto-Cauvit

|-

| e /ə/ || ə /ə/

| e /ə/ || ə /ə/ ||style="background:#d1ebeb"| ï /ï/ +lab /y/ || i /i/ || i /i/

|}

* Red: Possibly all the same consonant, depends on data from Inupiaq and Natsilingmiutut/Natsilik.

* Red in the proto-Cauwit column: Possibly all the same consonant, depends on data from Inupiaq and Natsilingmiutut/Natsilik. Note that Kalaallisut does not allow words to start with /j/, and as a result it seems this consonant is sometimes turned into /s/. This may play a role in why it occasionally becomes /s/ in the middle of words, too, with palatalisation not being the culprit, but instead clustering and gemination: in Kalaallisut, geminate oral consonants, including /v/ and /l, frequently become devoiced. Thus if /jj/ were to form for some reason, [s] would be the expected outcome.

* #d6e1ec in the proto-Cauvit column: Labial series

* #d1ebeb in the proto-Cauvit column: Dental series

* #dff1e0 in the proto-Cauvit column: Velar series

* #f0f1df in the proto-Cauvit column: Uvular series

<hr />

===Clusters go here===

* s + N > Ns > Ps e.g. sn > ts, sng > ks etc.

==Example Roots==

{| class="wikitable"

|-

!style="background: #d1ebeb;"| English

!style="background: #dff1e0;"| Proto-Austronesian Blust & Trussel 2017

!style="background: #f0f1df;"| Proto-Cauwit PEA-inspired phonology

!style="background: #f1e9df;"| Proto-Cauvit PE inspired

!style="background: #f1dfe5;"| Sauvič Inupiaq/Natsilik inspired

!style="background: #ece0f0;"| Saavit Kalaallisut inspired

|-

| boat || *qabaŋ /qabaŋ/ || *qavaŋ || qavaŋ || qavak || qavak

|-

| evening || *Rabiqi /ʀabiqi/ || *qaviqi || qaviqi, qavqi || qaveri, qarri (qafri?) || qaveri, qarri /qaχːi/

|-

| fish || *Sikan /sikan/  || *sikan || sikan(-iq) || šikat/šikaneq || sikat/sikaneq

|-

| hack, cut into pieces || *saksak /çakçak/ || *šakšak || saksak || sakšak (čakšak) || sassak

|-

| head, chief, first || *quluh /quluh/ || *quluh || qulu || qulu, quloq || qulu, quloq

|-

| house || *Rumaq /ʀumaq/ || *qumaq || qomaq || qumaq || qumaq (!qomaq)

|-

| gnash the teeth || *ŋeCŋeC /ŋətsŋəts/ || *ŋəcŋəc || ïsŋït (ïŋsït?) || isŋit (ikšit) || iŋŋit/inngit (issit)

|-

| moon, month || *bulaN /bulalʲ/ || *pulaň || pulan || pulat || pulat

|-

| nose || *ujuŋ /uɡʲuŋ/ || *užuŋ || užuŋ || užuk || usuk / ujuk / uvuk

|-

| person || *Cau /tsau/ || *cau || cau || sau(q) || saa(q)

|-

| pine tree || *saleŋ /çaləŋ/ || *šaləŋ || salïŋ || salit, salik || salit, salik

|-

| satiated || *besuR /bəçuʀ/ || *pəšuʀ || pïsuʀ || pisoq  || pisoq

|-

| sea || *tenem(e) /tənəm(ə)/ || *tənəm(ə) || tïnïm (tïnmï) || tinip (timmi) || tinip (timmi)

|-

| shark || *qiSu /qisu/ || *qisu || qisu || qesu || qesu

|-

| sky || *laŋiC /laŋits/ || *laŋis || laŋit || laŋič || laŋit

|-

| tree, wood || *kaSiw /kasiw/ || *kasiw || kasip || kašip || kasip

|-

| urine || *iSeq /isəq/ || *isəq || iseq || išeq ~ iseq || iseq

|-

| year, season, heaven || *kawaS /kawas/ || *kawas || kavat || kavat || kavat

|}

=Example Grammar=

* -Ø = absolute

* -(a? ə+lab –> u in PEA stage?)p = transitive actor (from pa-, causative)

* -q = optional definite marker? From qu

* -it = from ita, plural marker?

* -nu = genitive? (Greenlandic has ergative, instr, all, loc, abl, pros, equat...)

@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-! Proto-Austronesian <br /> <sup>Blust & Trussel 2017</sup> !! Proto-Cauwit <br /> <sup>PEA-inspired phonology</sup> !! Proto-Cauvit <br /> <sup>PE inspired</sup> <!--!! Aleut inspired -->!! Sauvit <br /> <sup>Inupiaq/Natsilik inspired</sup> !! Saavit <br /> <sup>Kalaallisut inspired</sup>
+!style="background: #dff1e0;"| Proto-Austronesian <br /> <sup>Blust & Trussel 2017</sup>
+!style="background: #f0f1df;"| Proto-Cauwit <br /> <sup>PEA-inspired phonology</sup>
+!style="background: #f1e9df;"| Proto-Cauvit <br /> <sup>PE inspired</sup> <!--!! Aleut inspired -->
+!style="background: #f1dfe5;"| Sauvič <br /> <sup>Inupiaq/Natsilik inspired</sup>
+!style="background: #ece0f0;"| Saavit <br /> <sup>Kalaallisut inspired</sup>
 |-
-| p /p/ || p /p/ || p /p/ ||colspan=2| <em style="color:grey;">Same as Proto-Cauvit</em>
+| p /p/ || p /p/ ||style="background:#d6e1ec"| p /p/ ||colspan=2| <em style="color:grey;">Same as Proto-Cauvit</em>
 |-
-| b /b/ || p /p/, -v- /v/ ||
+| b /b/ || p /p/, -v- /v/ ||style="background:#d6e1ec"| p /p/, v /v/ ||colspan=2| <em style="color:grey;">Same as Proto-Cauvit</em>
 |-
-| m /m/ || m /m/
+| m /m/ || m /m/ ||style="background:#d6e1ec"| m /m/ ||colspan=2| <em style="color:grey;">Same as Proto-Cauvit</em>
 |-
-| w /w/ || v /v/
+| w /w/ || w /w/ ||style="background:#d6e1ec"| v /v/, uv- /uv/ ||colspan=2| <em style="color:grey;">Same as Proto-Cauvit</em>
 |-
-| t /t/ || t /t/
+| t /t/ || t /t/ ||style="background:#d1ebeb"| t /t/ || t /t/, +i: /tʃ/ || t /t/, +i: /s/
 |-
-| d /d/ || t /t/, -ð- /ð/ || t /t/, Ø || t /t/, Ø
+| d /d/ || t /t/, -ð- /ð/ ||style="background:#d1ebeb"| t /t/, Ø ||colspan=2| <em style="color:grey;">Same as Proto-Cauvit</em>
 |-
-| n /n/ || n /n/ || n /n/ || n /n/
+| n /n/ || n /n/ ||style="background:#d1ebeb"| n /n/ ||colspan=2| <em style="color:grey;">Same as Proto-Cauvit</em>
 |-
-| S /s/ || s /s/ || s /s/ || s /s/
+| S /s/ || s /s/ ||style="background:#d1ebeb"| s /s/ ||colspan=2| <em style="color:grey;">Same as Proto-Cauvit</em>
 |-
-| C /t͡s/ || c /t͡s/ || s /s/,
+| C /t͡s/ || c /t͡s/ ||style="background:#d1ebeb"| c /t͡s/ || s /s/, +i: š /ʃ/ || s /s/
 |-
-| l /l/ || l /l/
+| l /l/ || l /l/ ||style="background:#d1ebeb"| l /l/ || l /l/, +i: ľ /ʎ/ || l /l/, +gem: ll /ɬ(:)/
 |-
-| r /ɾ/ ||style="background:#f1dfe5;"| ř /sʲ~ɾ~ɟ/
+| r /ɾ/ ||style="background:#f1dfe5;"| ř /sʲ~ɾ~ɟ/ ||style="background:#d1ebeb"| Ø? t~l? ð? || ?? || [s'''kr'''æling > '''k'''a'''l'''aalleq]
 |-
-| ñ /ɲ/ || ň /ɲ/
+| ñ /ɲ/ || ň /ɲ/ ||style="background:#d1ebeb"| n /n/ || n /n/ +i: ň /ɲ/ || n /n/
 |-
-| s /ç/ || š /sʲ/
+| s /ç/ || š /sʲ/ ||style="background:#d1ebeb"| s /s/ || s /s/ +i: š /ʃ/ || s /s/
 |-
-| c /c͡ç/ || č /t͡sʲ/
+| c /c͡ç/ || č /t͡sʲ/ ||style="background:#d1ebeb"| c /t͡s/ || s /s/ +i: š /ʃ/ || s /s/
 |-
-| z /ɟ͡ʝ/ ||style="background:#f1dfe5;"| ž /ɟ/ (ř?)
+| z /ɟ͡ʝ/ ||style="background:#f1dfe5;"| ž /ɟ/ (ř?) ||style="background:#dff1ed"| ž /ɟ/ || ž /ʐ/ || (i)s(i), s- /s/, (i)Ø(v), -j- /j/?
 |-
-| N /lʲ/ || ň /ɲ/
+| N /lʲ/ || ň /ɲ/ ||style="background:#d1ebeb"| n /n/ || n /n/ +i: ň /ɲ/ || n /n/
 |-
-| y /j/ || j /j/
+| y /j/ || j /j/ ||style="background:#dff1ed"| j /j/, ij- /ij/? || j /j/, č- /ʃ/ || j /j/, s- /s/
 <!--|-
 | D /ɖ/ || -->
 |-
-| k
+| k /k/ || k /k/ ||style="background:#dff1e0"| k /k/ ||colspan=2| <em style="color:grey;">Same as Proto-Cauvit</em>
 |-
-| g /g/
+| g /g/ || k /k/, -g- /ɣ~g/ ||style="background:#dff1e0"| k /k/, -g- /ɣ~g/ || colspan=2| <em style="color:grey;">Same as Proto-Cauvit</em>
 |-
-| j /ɡʲ/ ||style="background:#f1dfe5;"| ž /ɟ/ (ř?)
+| j /ɡʲ/ ||style="background:#f1dfe5;"| ž /ɟ/ (ř?) ||style="background:#dff1ed"| ž /ɟ/ || ž /ʐ/ || (i)s(i), s- /s/, (i)Ø(v), -j- /j/?
 |-
-| ŋ /ŋ/
+| ŋ /ŋ/ || ŋ /ŋ/ ||style="background:#dff1e0"| Ø-, -ŋ/Ø- /ŋ~Ø/ ||colspan=2| <em style="color:grey;">Same as Proto-Cauvit</em>
 |-
-| q /q/ || q /q/ || q /q/
+| q /q/ || q /q/ ||style="background:#f0f1df"| q /q/, r /ʁ/ ||colspan=2| <em style="color:grey;">Same as Proto-Cauvit</em>
 |-
-| h /h/ || Ø
+| h /h/ || h /h/ || Ø ||colspan=2| <em style="color:grey;">Same as Proto-Cauvit</em>
 |-
-| R /r/ or /ʀ/
+| R /r/ or /ʀ/ || q /q/, -r- /ʁ/ ||style="background:#f0f1df"| q /q/, -r- /ʁ/ || q /q/, -r- /ʁ/, VØV || q /q/, -r- /ʁ/, VØV /V:/
 |-
-| i /i/ || i /i/, e /e/
+| i /i/ || i /i/, +uvu: e /e/ ||style="background:#dff1ed"| i /i/, e /e/, +lab /y/ ||colspan=2| <em style="color:grey;">Same as Proto-Cauvit</em>
 |-
-| u /u/ || u /u/, o /o/
+| u /u/ || u /u/, +uvu: o /o/ ||style="background:#dff1e0"| u /u/, o /o/ ||colspan=2| <em style="color:grey;">Same as Proto-Cauvit</em>
 |-
-| a /a/ || a /a~ɑ/
+| a /a/ || a /a~ɑ/ ||style="background:#f0f1df"| a /a~ɑ/ ||colspan=2| <em style="color:grey;">Same as Proto-Cauvit</em>
 |-
-| e /ə/ || ə /ə/
+| e /ə/ || ə /ə/ ||style="background:#d1ebeb"| ï /ï/ +lab /y/ || i /i/ || i /i/
 |}
-* <span style="border: solid 0.2em #d1bfc5;background:#f1dfe5;">Red:</span> Possibly all the same consonant, depends on data from Inupiaq and Natsilingmiutut/Natsilik.
+* <span style="border: solid 0.2em #d1bfc5;background:#f1dfe5;"><strong>Red</strong> in the proto-Cauwit column:</span> Possibly all the same consonant, depends on data from Inupiaq and Natsilingmiutut/Natsilik. <em><strong>Note</strong> that Kalaallisut does not allow words to start with /j/, and as a result it seems this consonant is sometimes turned into /s/. This may play a role in why it occasionally becomes /s/ in the middle of words, too, with palatalisation not being the culprit, but instead clustering and gemination: in Kalaallisut, geminate oral consonants, including /v/ and /l, frequently become devoiced. Thus if /jj/ were to form for some reason, [s] would be the expected outcome.</em>
+* <span style="border: solid 0.2em #b6c1cc;background:#d6e1ec;"><strong>#d6e1ec</strong> in the proto-Cauvit column:</span> Labial series
+* <span style="border: solid 0.2em #b1cbcb;background:#d1ebeb;"><strong>#d1ebeb</strong> in the proto-Cauvit column:</span> Dental series
+* <span style="border: solid 0.2em #bfd1c0;background:#dff1e0;"><strong>#dff1e0</strong> in the proto-Cauvit column:</span> Velar series
+* <span style="border: solid 0.2em #d0d1bf;background:#f0f1df;"><strong>#f0f1df</strong> in the proto-Cauvit column:</span> Uvular series
+<hr />
+===Clusters go here===
+* s + N &gt; Ns &gt; Ps e.g. sn > ts, sng > ks etc.
+==Example Roots==
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+!style="background: #d1ebeb;"| English
+!style="background: #dff1e0;"| Proto-Austronesian <br /> <sup>Blust & Trussel 2017</sup>
+!style="background: #f0f1df;"| Proto-Cauwit <br /> <sup>PEA-inspired phonology</sup>
+!style="background: #f1e9df;"| Proto-Cauvit <br /> <sup>PE inspired</sup> <!--!! Aleut inspired -->
+!style="background: #f1dfe5;"| Sauvič <br /> <sup>Inupiaq/Natsilik inspired</sup>
+!style="background: #ece0f0;"| Saavit <br /> <sup>Kalaallisut inspired</sup>
+|-
+| boat || *qabaŋ /qabaŋ/ || *qavaŋ || qavaŋ || qavak || qavak <!-- cf. qajaq -->
+|-
+| evening || *Rabiqi /ʀabiqi/ || *qaviqi || qaviqi, qavqi || qaveri, qarri (qafri?) || qaveri, qarri /qaχːi/
+|-
+| fish || *Sikan /sikan/ <!--iSkan common too--> || *sikan || sikan(-iq) || šikat/šikaneq || sikat/sikaneq
+|-
+| hack, cut into pieces || *saksak /çakçak/ || *šakšak || saksak || sakšak (čakšak) || sassak
+|-
+| head, chief, first || *quluh /quluh/ || *quluh || qulu || qulu, quloq || qulu, quloq
+|-
+| house || *Rumaq /ʀumaq/ || *qumaq || qomaq || qumaq || qumaq (!qomaq)
+|-
+| gnash the teeth || *ŋeCŋeC /ŋətsŋəts/ || *ŋəcŋəc || ïsŋït (ïŋsït?) || isŋit (ikšit) || iŋŋit/inngit (issit)
+|-
+| moon, month || *bulaN /bulalʲ/ || *pulaň || pulan || pulat || pulat
+|-
+| nose || *ujuŋ /uɡʲuŋ/ || *užuŋ || užuŋ || užuk || usuk / ujuk / uvuk
+|-
+| person || *Cau /tsau/ || *cau || cau || sau(q) || saa(q)
+|-
+| pine tree || *saleŋ /çaləŋ/ || *šaləŋ || salïŋ || salit, salik || salit, salik
+|-
+| satiated || *besuR /bəçuʀ/ || *pəšuʀ || pïsuʀ || pisoq <!--pizuq--> || pisoq
+|-
+| sea || *tenem(e) /tənəm(ə)/ || *tənəm(ə) || tïnïm (tïnmï) || tinip (timmi) || tinip (timmi)
+|-
+| shark || *qiSu /qisu/ || *qisu || qisu || qesu || qesu
+|-
+| sky || *laŋiC /laŋits/ || *laŋis || laŋit || laŋič || laŋit
+|-
+| tree, wood || *kaSiw /kasiw/ || *kasiw || kasip || kašip || kasip
+|-
+| urine || *iSeq /isəq/ || *isəq || iseq || išeq ~ iseq || iseq
+|-
+| year, season, heaven || *kawaS /kawas/ || *kawas || kavat || kavat || kavat
+|}
+=Example Grammar=
+* -Ø = absolute
+* -(a? ə+lab –> u in PEA stage?)p = transitive actor (from pa-, causative)
+* -q = optional definite marker? From qu <!-- http://www.trussel2.com/acd/acd-s_q.htm#4799 -->
+* -it = from ita, plural marker?
+* -nu = genitive? (Greenlandic has ergative, instr, all, loc, abl, pros, equat...) <!--http://www.tusaalanga.ca/node/1110 - use of POSSESSER-up POSSESSEE-personalaffix -->