Da: Difference between revisions

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In particular, when used with Locative, ''-t-'', ''-s-'' and ''-x-'' attach after the locative marker and have the meaning of "to", "from" and "through", respectively. E.g. ''Du mí hui'''t''''' (I go home) vs. ''Du mí hui'''s''''' (I am leaving home) vs. ''Du mí nomimi'''x''''' (I am walking on a path); ''Karmel nessa taoruru dei'''t''' taolono'' (She put the pencil on the desk) vs. ''Karmel hassa taoruru dei'''s''' taolono'' (She took the pencil from the desk), etc.

''-s-'' and ''-t-'' are doubled when they are used as infixes after a vowel.

''-s-'', ''-t-'' and ''-x-'' are doubled when they are used as infixes after a vowel.

''-s-'' and ''-t-'' can also be used with Genitive (e.g. ''huomen duo'' "my husband" vs. ''huomen du'''ss'''o'' "my ex-husband") but such usage is more rare.

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There are no verb tenses in Da, but there are aspects. Unmodified verbs are assumed to be in imperfective aspect. The infixes ''-t-'' and ''-x-'' put them into prospective and perfective aspects, signifying the action that is about to start or has been completed. Quite often these aspects are translated into other languages using future and past tenses: ''Du si'''ss'''a tou síotenoxui duo!'' (I have seen it with my own two eyes!) or ''Ku kam'''t'''i pas katou!'' (You will pay for (doing) this!). On the other hand, a narrative like ''Palsunotei moi korudamen pali...'' (Once upon a time there lived a king...) usually does not require an aspect change.

The infix ''-x-'' produces the progressive aspect: compare ''Du ~~maxa~~ sunoteoporomau katei'' (I am eating lunch now) and ''Du má honokanu sunotei pani'' (I eat meat every day).

The infix ''-x-'' produces the progressive aspect: compare ''Du maxxa sunoteoporomau katei'' (I am eating lunch now) and ''Du má honokanu sunotei pani'' (I eat meat every day).

The prospective aspect is also used as imperative: ''Titti kanait!'' "Come here!"

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''Du sai ku ríssiu du tonathiat paltou'' -- I know you wanted to tell me something (compare with: ''Ku rissi du tonathiat paltou'' "You wanted to tell me something" and ''Du tonta paltou'' "I will hear something").

''John ~~maxi~~ té xentú tuo tío huit'' -- John was eating when his friend entered the house (compare with ''Xentú tuo tí huit'' "His friend enters the house").

''John maxxi té xentú tuo tío huit'' -- John was eating when his friend entered the house (compare with ''Xentú tuo tí huit'' "His friend enters the house").

The case in which the supine is placed determines the relationship between the main word and the subordinate clause:

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[[Category:Languages]]

[[Category:~~Conlangs~~]]

[[Category:Languages]]

[[Category:Cha]]

@@ Line 143: / Line 143: @@
 In particular, when used with Locative, ''-t-'', ''-s-'' and ''-x-'' attach after the locative marker and have the meaning of "to", "from" and "through", respectively. E.g. ''Du mí hui'''t''''' (I go home) vs. ''Du mí hui'''s''''' (I am leaving home) vs. ''Du mí nomimi'''x''''' (I am walking on a path); ''Karmel nessa taoruru dei'''t''' taolono'' (She put the pencil on the desk) vs. ''Karmel hassa taoruru dei'''s''' taolono'' (She took the pencil from the desk), etc.
-''-s-'' and ''-t-'' are doubled when they are used as infixes after a vowel.
+''-s-'', ''-t-'' and ''-x-'' are doubled when they are used as infixes after a vowel.
 ''-s-'' and ''-t-'' can also be used with Genitive (e.g. ''huomen duo'' "my husband" vs. ''huomen du'''ss'''o'' "my ex-husband") but such usage is more rare.
@@ Line 158: / Line 158: @@
 There are no verb tenses in Da, but there are aspects. Unmodified verbs are assumed to be in imperfective aspect. The infixes ''-t-'' and ''-x-'' put them into prospective and perfective aspects, signifying the action that is about to start or has been completed. Quite often these aspects are translated into other languages using future and past tenses: ''Du si'''ss'''a tou síotenoxui duo!'' (I have seen it with my own two eyes!) or ''Ku kam'''t'''i pas katou!'' (You will pay for (doing) this!). On the other hand, a narrative like ''Palsunotei moi korudamen pali...'' (Once upon a time there lived a king...) usually does not require an aspect change.
-The infix ''-x-'' produces the progressive aspect: compare ''Du maxa sunoteoporomau katei'' (I am eating lunch now) and ''Du má honokanu sunotei pani'' (I eat meat every day).
+The infix ''-x-'' produces the progressive aspect: compare ''Du maxxa sunoteoporomau katei'' (I am eating lunch now) and ''Du má honokanu sunotei pani'' (I eat meat every day).
 The prospective aspect is also used as imperative: ''Titti kanait!'' "Come here!"
@@ Line 219: / Line 219: @@
 ''Du sai ku ríssiu du tonathiat paltou'' -- I know you wanted to tell me something (compare with: ''Ku rissi du tonathiat paltou'' "You wanted to tell me something" and ''Du tonta paltou'' "I will hear something").
-''John maxi té xentú tuo tío huit'' -- John was eating when his friend entered the house (compare with ''Xentú tuo tí huit'' "His friend enters the house").
+''John maxxi té xentú tuo tío huit'' -- John was eating when his friend entered the house (compare with ''Xentú tuo tí huit'' "His friend enters the house").
 The case in which the supine is placed determines the relationship between the main word and the subordinate clause:
@@ Line 2,719: / Line 2,719: @@
 [[Category:Languages]]
-[[Category:Conlangs]]
+[[Category:Languages]]
 [[Category:Cha]]