Haššûl: Difference between revisions

(10 intermediate revisions by one other user not shown)

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! Aspect || Marker || Notes

|-

| {{sc|}} || -ô- ||

| Imperfective/Atelic {{sc|ipf}} || -ô- ||

|-

| {{sc|}} || -ta- ||

| Perfective/Telic {{sc|perf}} || -ta- ||

|-

| {{sc|}} || -û- ||

|-

| {{sc|}} || -î- ||

| Progressive/Continuous {{sc|prog}}/{{sc|cont}} || -î- ||

|-

| {{sc|}} || -ne- ||

| Resultative {{sc|res}} || -ne- ||

|-

| Tense/aspect || -Ø- || Unmarked aspect in Slot 4 points towards the tense/aspect marking in Slot 1 (aspects: perfective, gnomic, imperfective); a gnomic/habitual aspect is also convenient by leaving the agent pronoun in Slot -2 unmarked.

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====Nominal marking====

====Verbal marking====

:{|

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|-

|}

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"

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|-

|}

<sup>1</sup> the verb receives an incorporated noun in genitive compound; akin to a construct state marking in the verb.

~~====Verbal~~ marking~~====~~

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"

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* haptu- < happ=ttu-

~~<sup>1</sup> the verb receives an incorporated noun in genitive compound; akin to a construct state marking in the verb.~~

==DEICTICS==

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===Genitive possessive===

The possession of a noun is marked with the enclitic form of the genitive pronouns, bearing the same person and number ({{sc|1s.gen = 1s.pos}}, "my", etc).

The possession of a noun is marked with the enclitic form of the genitive pronouns, bearing the same person and number ({{sc|1s.gen}}={{sc|1s.pos}}, ''"my"'', etc).

Whenever a genitive pronoun in its long form is used in a clause (e.g. when the possessor is explicitly mentioned), possession marking is dropped from the arguments and the roles are marked by their syntactic relation with the pronoun (order ''possessed-{{sc|gen}}-possessor'').

For instance, in the sentence '' "Manxên eyer Rûl" '' ('' "a man's she-dog" ''), the possessor is mentioned (''rûl'', 'a.man'), and therefore the long version of the third person singular genitive pronoun (''eyer'') is used. The form ''**eyManxên eyer Rûl'' ({{sc|1s.pos}}-she.dog {{sc|1s.gen}} man), using the short form of the third person singular genitive pronoun (''ey-''), would be incorrect.

For instance, in the sentence ''"Manxên eyer Rûl"'' (''"a man's she-dog"''), the possessor is mentioned (''rûl'', 'a.man'), and therefore the long version of the third person singular genitive pronoun (''eyer'') is used. The form ''**eyManxên eyer Rûl'' ({{sc|1s.pos}}-she.dog {{sc|1s.gen}} man), using the short form of the third person singular genitive pronoun (''ey-''), would be incorrect.

===Negative possessive===

The enclitic form of the negative pronouns is used in the same way as that of the genitive pronouns, likewise bearing the same person and number ({{sc|1s.neg = 1s.neg.pos}}, '' "not.my" '', etc.), to indicate a non-belonging relationship. E.g. ''''' 'rexlanneš' ''''', {re=x-lann-eš} {{sc|1s.neg.pos}}-house-[[sc|sg}}, '' 'not.my.house' ''.

The enclitic form of the negative pronouns is used in the same way as that of the genitive pronouns, likewise bearing the same person and number ({{sc|1s.neg}}={{sc|1s.neg.pos}}, ''"not.my"'', etc.), to indicate a non-belonging relationship. E.g. '''''<nowiki>'</nowiki>rexlanneš<nowiki>'</nowiki>''''', {re=x-lann-eš} {{sc|1s.neg.pos}}-house-{{sc|sg}}, ''<nowiki>'</nowiki>not.my.house<nowiki>'</nowiki>''.

==DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY==

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:{|

|-

| ''hanaptilir hanaptupepšeš''

| {{cardo|hanaptilir hanaptupepšeš}}

|-

| {hanap-(t)ilir hanaptupepšeš}

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:{|

|-

| ''happ(at)ilir hanaptweš''

| {{cardo|happ(at)ilir hanaptweš}}

|-

| <nowiki>{happ=a-(t)ilir ha<na>p=tu-eš}</nowiki>

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|-

|}

===Denominal verbs===

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| akkwaku- || ˈä.kːwä.ku. || n || in || ii || a meal || reduplication of "bread", ''akku-akku-''

|-

| akku-, -kkû- || ˈä.kːu | .kːuː. || n || in || ii || bread ||

| akku-, -kkû- || ˈä.kːu {{pipe}} .kːuː. || n || in || ii || bread ||

|-

| haptukkû- || ˈhäp.tu.kːuː. || v || inc || || to.bread-cook, to.bake.bread ||

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| etna-, -(e)tn(a)- || ˈet.nä. || || || || without || ''*tə'' > ''tə-na-'' > ''ət-na-'' > ''etna-/atna-''

|-

| -reš-, -raš- || .ɾeʃ. | .ɾäʃ. || p || nom || || || noun modifier in respect of a verbal root; an action is applied to a noun; being subject to that action characterizes the noun: {happ=a-[] a-rûl-reš-[]} to.burn- "the.burning.man" - adjectivization through gerundives?

| -reš-, -raš- || .ɾeʃ. {{pipe}} .ɾäʃ. || p || nom || || || noun modifier in respect of a verbal root; an action is applied to a noun; being subject to that action characterizes the noun: {happ=a-[] a-rûl-reš-[]} to.burn- "the.burning.man" - adjectivization through gerundives?

|-

| pešš-, -pepš- || ˈpe.ʃː͜ | .pe.pʃ͜ || n || an || ii || tea plant, tea leaf: tea infusion ||

| pešš-, -pepš- || ˈpe.ʃː͜ {{pipe}} .pe.pʃ͜ || n || an || ii || tea plant, tea leaf: tea infusion ||

|-

| haptupepš- || ˈhäp.tu.pepš͜ || v || tr || || to.brew.tea ||

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| luh- || || || || || ||

|-

| bâltuzaš- || || v || inc || || "to.onion-up.chop" || The lenited ''-tt-'' (> ''-d-'') of the {{sc|vlz2}} resurfaces as ''-t-'' before the [sibilant-vowel-sibilant} sequence

| bâltuzaš- || || v || inc || || "to.onion-up.chop" || The lenited ''-tt-'' (> ''-d-'') of the {{sc|vlz2}} resurfaces as ''-t-'' before the [sibilant-vowel-sibilant] sequence

|}

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:{|

|-

| ~~‹''~~Manxên eye'Rûl~~''›~~

| {{cardo|Manxên eye'Rûl}}

|-

| /män.ˈχeːn e.je.ˈɾuːl/

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:{|

|-

| ~~‹''~~wânelššappš-~~''›~~

| {{cardo|wânelššappš-}}

|-

| /wäː.nel.ʃːä.pːʃ-/

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:{|

|-

| ~~‹''~~aššašakti~~''›~~

| {{cardo|aššašakti}}

|-

| /ä.ʃːä.ˈʃäk.ti/

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| e=n- || -happ=a- || -ra=z- || -Ø- || -Ø- || -ô- || -r- || -Ø

|-

| 2S.~~GEN~~ || to.burn=TR || ~~PRES~~.~~FUT~~.~~IPF~~ || ~~DIR~~ || ~~UNSPEC~~ || || ~~NEG~~ || ~~IND~~

| {{sc|2s.gen}} || to.burn={{sc|tr}} || {{sc|pres.fut.ipf}} || {{sc|dir}} || {{sc|unspec}} || {{sc|ipf}} || {{sc|neg}} || {{sc|ind}}

|-

| colspan=8| ‹›, ""

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[[Category:~~Conlangs~~]] [[Category:A priori]] [[Category:Artlangs]] [[Category:User:Nicolasstraccia]] [[Category:Yrḳuti]]

[[Category:Languages]] [[Category:A priori]] [[Category:Artlangs]] [[Category:User:Nicolasstraccia]] [[Category:Yrḳuti]]

@@ Line 740: / Line 740: @@
 ! Aspect || Marker || Notes
 |-
-| {{sc|}} || -ô- ||
+| Imperfective/Atelic {{sc|ipf}} || -ô- ||
 |-
-| {{sc|}} || -ta- ||
+| Perfective/Telic {{sc|perf}} || -ta- ||
 |-
 | {{sc|}} || -û- ||
 |-
-| {{sc|}} || -î- ||
+| Progressive/Continuous {{sc|prog}}/{{sc|cont}} || -î- ||
 |-
-| {{sc|}} || -ne- ||
+| Resultative {{sc|res}} || -ne- ||
 |-
 | Tense/aspect || -Ø- || Unmarked aspect in Slot 4 points towards the tense/aspect marking in Slot 1 (aspects: perfective, gnomic, imperfective); a gnomic/habitual aspect is also convenient by leaving the agent pronoun in Slot -2 unmarked.
@@ Line 836: / Line 836: @@
 ====Nominal marking====
+====Verbal marking====
 :{|
@@ Line 858: / Line 860: @@
 |-
 |}
 {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
@@ Line 885: / Line 886: @@
 |-
 |}
+<sup>1</sup> the verb receives an incorporated noun in genitive compound; akin to a construct state marking in the verb.
-====Verbal marking====
 {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
@@ Line 908: / Line 907: @@
 *  haptu- < happ=ttu-
-<sup>1</sup> the verb receives an incorporated noun in genitive compound; akin to a construct state marking in the verb.
 ==DEICTICS==
@@ Line 962: / Line 960: @@
 ===Genitive possessive===
-The possession of a noun is marked with the enclitic form of the genitive pronouns, bearing the same person and number ({{sc|1s.gen = 1s.pos}}, "my", etc).
+The possession of a noun is marked with the enclitic form of the genitive pronouns, bearing the same person and number ({{sc|1s.gen}}={{sc|1s.pos}}, ''"my"'', etc).
 Whenever a genitive pronoun in its long form is used in a clause (e.g. when the possessor is explicitly mentioned), possession marking is dropped from the arguments and the roles are marked by their syntactic relation with the pronoun (order ''possessed-{{sc|gen}}-possessor'').
-For instance, in the sentence '' "Manxên eyer Rûl" '' ('' "a man's she-dog" ''), the possessor is mentioned (''rûl'', 'a.man'), and therefore the long version of the third person singular genitive pronoun (''eyer'') is used. The form ''**eyManxên eyer Rûl'' ({{sc|1s.pos}}-she.dog {{sc|1s.gen}} man), using the short form of the third person singular genitive pronoun (''ey-''), would be incorrect.
+For instance, in the sentence ''"Manxên eyer Rûl"'' (''"a man's she-dog"''), the possessor is mentioned (''rûl'', 'a.man'), and therefore the long version of the third person singular genitive pronoun (''eyer'') is used. The form ''**eyManxên eyer Rûl'' ({{sc|1s.pos}}-she.dog {{sc|1s.gen}} man), using the short form of the third person singular genitive pronoun (''ey-''), would be incorrect.
 ===Negative possessive===
-The enclitic form of the negative pronouns is used in the same way as that of the genitive pronouns, likewise bearing the same person and number ({{sc|1s.neg = 1s.neg.pos}}, '' "not.my" '', etc.), to indicate a non-belonging relationship. E.g. ''''' 'rexlanneš' ''''', {re=x-lann-eš} {{sc|1s.neg.pos}}-house-[[sc|sg}}, '' 'not.my.house' ''.
+The enclitic form of the negative pronouns is used in the same way as that of the genitive pronouns, likewise bearing the same person and number ({{sc|1s.neg}}={{sc|1s.neg.pos}}, ''"not.my"'', etc.), to indicate a non-belonging relationship. E.g. '''''<nowiki>'</nowiki>rexlanneš<nowiki>'</nowiki>''''', {re=x-lann-eš} {{sc|1s.neg.pos}}-house-{{sc|sg}}, ''<nowiki>'</nowiki>not.my.house<nowiki>'</nowiki>''.
 ==DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY==
@@ Line 985: / Line 983: @@
 :{|
 |-
-| ''hanaptilir hanaptupepšeš''
+| {{cardo|hanaptilir hanaptupepšeš}}
 |-
 | {hanap-(t)ilir hanaptupepšeš}
@@ Line 997: / Line 995: @@
 :{|
 |-
-| ''happ(at)ilir hanaptweš''
+| {{cardo|happ(at)ilir hanaptweš}}
 |-
 | <nowiki>{happ=a-(t)ilir ha<na>p=tu-eš}</nowiki>
@@ Line 1,006: / Line 1,004: @@
 |-
 |}
 ===Denominal verbs===
@@ Line 1,108: / Line 1,105: @@
 | akkwaku- || ˈä.kːwä.ku. || n || in || ii || a meal || reduplication of "bread", ''akku-akku-''
 |-
-| akku-, -kkû- || ˈä.kːu | .kːuː. || n || in || ii || bread ||
+| akku-, -kkû- || ˈä.kːu {{pipe}} .kːuː. || n || in || ii || bread ||
 |-
 | haptukkû- || ˈhäp.tu.kːuː. || v || inc || || to.bread-cook, to.bake.bread ||
@@ Line 1,124: / Line 1,121: @@
 | etna-, -(e)tn(a)- || ˈet.nä. || || || || without || ''*tə'' > ''tə-na-'' > ''ət-na-'' > ''etna-/atna-''
 |-
-| -reš-, -raš- || .ɾeʃ. | .ɾäʃ. || p || nom || || || noun modifier in respect of a verbal root; an action is applied to a noun; being subject to that action characterizes the noun: {happ=a-[] a-rûl-reš-[]} to.burn- "the.burning.man" - adjectivization through gerundives?
+| -reš-, -raš- || .ɾeʃ. {{pipe}} .ɾäʃ. || p || nom || || || noun modifier in respect of a verbal root; an action is applied to a noun; being subject to that action characterizes the noun: {happ=a-[] a-rûl-reš-[]} to.burn- "the.burning.man" - adjectivization through gerundives?
 |-
-| pešš-, -pepš- || ˈpe.ʃː͜  | .pe.pʃ͜  || n || an || ii || tea plant, tea leaf: tea infusion ||
+| pešš-, -pepš- || ˈpe.ʃː͜  {{pipe}} .pe.pʃ͜  || n || an || ii || tea plant, tea leaf: tea infusion ||
 |-
 | haptupepš- || ˈhäp.tu.pepš͜  || v || tr || || to.brew.tea ||
@@ Line 1,171: / Line 1,168: @@
 | luh- || || || || || ||
 |-
-| bâltuzaš- || || v || inc || || "to.onion-up.chop" || The lenited ''-tt-'' (> ''-d-'') of the {{sc|vlz2}} resurfaces as ''-t-'' before the [sibilant-vowel-sibilant} sequence
+| bâltuzaš- || || v || inc || || "to.onion-up.chop" || The lenited ''-tt-'' (> ''-d-'') of the {{sc|vlz2}} resurfaces as ''-t-'' before the [sibilant-vowel-sibilant] sequence
 |}
@@ Line 1,178: / Line 1,175: @@
 :{|
 |-
-| ‹''Manxên eye'Rûl''›
+| {{cardo|Manxên eye'Rûl}}
 |-
 | /män.ˈχeːn e.je.ˈɾuːl/
@@ Line 1,192: / Line 1,189: @@
 :{|
 |-
-| ‹''wânelššappš-''›
+| {{cardo|wânelššappš-}}
 |-
 | /wäː.nel.ʃːä.pːʃ-/
@@ Line 1,206: / Line 1,203: @@
 :{|
 |-
-| ‹''aššašakti''›
+| {{cardo|aššašakti}}
 |-
 | /ä.ʃːä.ˈʃäk.ti/
@@ Line 1,239: / Line 1,236: @@
 | e=n- || -happ=a- || -ra=z- || -Ø- || -Ø- || -ô- || -r- || -Ø
 |-
-| 2S.GEN || to.burn=TR || PRES.FUT.IPF || DIR || UNSPEC || || NEG || IND
+| {{sc|2s.gen}} || to.burn={{sc|tr}} || {{sc|pres.fut.ipf}} || {{sc|dir}} || {{sc|unspec}} || {{sc|ipf}} || {{sc|neg}} || {{sc|ind}}
 |-
 | colspan=8| ‹›, ""
@@ Line 1,293: / Line 1,290: @@
-[[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:A priori]] [[Category:Artlangs]] [[Category:User:Nicolasstraccia]] [[Category:Yrḳuti]]
+[[Category:Languages]] [[Category:A priori]] [[Category:Artlangs]] [[Category:User:Nicolasstraccia]] [[Category:Yrḳuti]]