Paranukian: Difference between revisions

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| ethnicity = Paranukians
| ethnicity = Paranukians
| ancestor1 = [[Proto-Paranukian]]
| ancestor1 = [[Proto-Paranukian]]
| state = Paranukian Atoll
| state = Paranukia
| official = State of Paranukia
| official = State of Paranukia
| notice = ipa
| setting = ''Stories from the Land of Dreams''
}}
}}
'''Paranukian''' (''roko sa paranukia'' [[Help:IPA|[ˈɾoko sa paɾanuˈki.a]]], "speech of the Paranukians") or '''Eörean''' or '''Eorean''' is a language spoken in the Paranukian Atoll by around 1,500,000 Paranukians (''se paranukia''). It is the official language of the State of Paranukia, where it is also the most spoken language.
'''Paranukian''' (''roko sa paranukia'' [[Help:IPA|[ˈɾoko sa paɾanuˈki.a]]], "speech of the Paranukians") or '''Eörean''' or '''Eorean''' is a language spoken in the Paranukian islands by around 1,500,000 Paranukians (''se paranukia''). It is the official language of the State of Paranukia, where it is also the most spoken language.


Paranukian developed from [[Proto-Paranukian]] spoken around 10,000 years ago, brought to the islands by the Cameran people, settling in what is now Cape Camera. It was first standardised by Eöre, scribe of king Funaö III of the kingdom of Funaokia, hence its alternative name of "Eorean" or "Eörean" and its Linguifex code of "'''eore'''".
Paranukian developed from [[Proto-Paranukian]] spoken around 10,000 years ago, brought to the islands by the Cape Camera people, settling in what is now Cape Camera. It was first standardised by Eöre, scribe of king Funao III of the kingdom of Funaokia, hence its alternative name of "Eorean" or "Eörean" and its Linguifex code of "'''eore'''". Paranukian is an OSV, adjective-noun fusional language, and is closely related to the other Paranukian languages such as Funaokian, Sununchu and Pago.
==Grammar==
==Grammar==
===Articles===
===Articles===
Line 38: Line 40:
|-
|-
! {{gcl|dat}}/{{gcl|inst}}
! {{gcl|dat}}/{{gcl|inst}}
| ''u'' || ''hu'' || ''tu'' || ''su''/''so''
| ''u'' || ''hu'' || ''tu'' || ''so''/''su''
|}
|}
Articles after the slashes (''so'' for accusative plural definite and ''su'' for dative/instrumental plural definite) are considered literary and are rarely used in spoken speech unless the situation calls for very formal language, such as an official government communication.
Genitives with proper nouns as possessors can use both the indefinite or definite article, though with slight semantic differences. For example, if there are two people named John who possess a car ''each'', this can be expressed as:
Genitives with proper nouns as possessors can use both the indefinite or definite article, though with slight semantic differences. For example, if there are two people named John who possess a car ''each'', this can be expressed as:
: ''kara '''ha''' John''
: ''kara '''ha''' John''
Line 50: Line 54:
Other proper nouns have a codified number and definiteness, e.g.
Other proper nouns have a codified number and definiteness, e.g.
* countries are always singular definite, as in '''''Ta''' Firanasa ba huri na'' "My father is from France", or '''''To''' Amerika ingihi'' "I am going to America".
* countries are always singular definite, as in '''''Ta''' Firanasa ba huri na'' "My father is from France", or '''''To''' Amerika ingihi'' "I am going to America".
*  
* people of a high social order, such as the elderly, religious officials and elected politicians, are always referred to in the third-person with the singular definite, such as '''''te''' Eöre Mokimiga hoi...'' "Ëore Mokimiga declares..."
===Verbs===
Paranukian verbs are inflected on subject number, subject definiteness, tense, and mood. Paranukian has no continuous aspect, only an indicative one which is unmarked. Personal pronouns are considered definite.


Paranukian verbs fall into two categories, I and II. Class I verbs end in ''-i'' in their infinitive form, and are inflected as such:
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
|+ Paranukian class I verb paradigm
|-
! rowspan=3 colspan=2 | !! colspan=4 | Subject
|-
! colspan=2 | {{gcl|indef}} !! colspan=2 | {{gcl|def}}
|-
! {{gcl|sing}} !! {{gcl|pl}} !! {{gcl|sing}} !! {{gcl|pl}}
|-
! rowspan=4 | Non-past
! {{gcl|ind}}
| ''-i'' || ''-isi'' || ''-ihi'' || ''-ifi''
|-
! {{gcl|pot}}
| ''-iki'' || ''-isiki'' || ''-ihiki'' || ''-ifiki''
|-
! {{gcl|cond}}
| ''-ini'' || ''-isini'' || ''-ihini'' || ''-ifini''
|-
! {{gcl|imp}}
| colspan=2 style="background-color:darkgray" | || ''-o'' || ''-oto''
|-
! rowspan=3 | Past
! {{gcl|ind}}
| ''-e'' || ''-esi'' || ''-ehi'' || ''-efi''
|-
! {{gcl|pot}}
| ''-eki'' || ''-esiki'' || ''-ehiki'' || ''-efiki''
|-
! {{gcl|cond}}
| ''-eni'' || ''-esini'' || ''-ehini'' || ''-efini''
|}
Class II verbs include a morphological future tense and are generally more irregular, though they typically end in ''-u'' in the infinitive.
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
|+ Paranukian class II verb paradigm
|-
! rowspan=3 colspan=2 | !! colspan=4 | Subject
|-
! colspan=2 | {{gcl|indef}} !! colspan=2 | {{gcl|def}}
|-
! {{gcl|sing}} !! {{gcl|pl}} !! {{gcl|sing}} !! {{gcl|pl}}
|-
! rowspan=4 | Present
! {{gcl|ind}}
| ''-u'' || ''-usu'' || ''-uhu'' || ''-ufu''
|-
! {{gcl|pot}}
| ''-uku'' || ''-usiku'' || ''-uhiku'' || ''-ufiku''
|-
! {{gcl|cond}}
| ''-unu'' || ''-usinu'' || ''-uhinu'' || ''-ufinu''
|-
! {{gcl|imp}}
| colspan=2 style="background-color:darkgray" | || ''-o'' || ''-oho''
|-
! rowspan=3 | Past
! {{gcl|ind}}
| ''-e'' || ''-osu'' || ''-ohu'' || ''-ofu''
|-
! {{gcl|pot}}
| ''-eki'' || ''-osiku'' || ''-ohiku'' || ''-ofiku''
|-
! {{gcl|cond}}
| ''-eni'' || ''-osinu'' || ''-ohinu'' || ''-ofinu''
|-
! rowspan=3 | Future
! {{gcl|ind}}
| ''-a'' || ''-isa'' || ''-iha'' || ''-ifa''
|-
! {{gcl|pot}}
| ''-uka'' || ''-usika'' || ''-uhika'' || ''-ufika''
|-
! {{gcl|cond}}
| ''-una'' || ''-usina'' || ''-uhina'' || ''-ufina''
|}
[[Category:Paranukian language]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Paranukian language]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]]

Latest revision as of 15:00, 21 June 2026

Paranukian
Eörean, Eorean
roko sa paranukia
Pronunciation[ˈɾoko sa paɾanuˈki.a]
Created byJukethatbox
Date2026
SettingStories from the Land of Dreams
Native toParanukia
EthnicityParanukians
Native speakers1,500,000 (2026)
Paranukian
  • Paranukian
Early form
Official status
Official language in
State of Paranukia
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Paranukian (roko sa paranukia [ˈɾoko sa paɾanuˈki.a], "speech of the Paranukians") or Eörean or Eorean is a language spoken in the Paranukian islands by around 1,500,000 Paranukians (se paranukia). It is the official language of the State of Paranukia, where it is also the most spoken language.

Paranukian developed from Proto-Paranukian spoken around 10,000 years ago, brought to the islands by the Cape Camera people, settling in what is now Cape Camera. It was first standardised by Eöre, scribe of king Funao III of the kingdom of Funaokia, hence its alternative name of "Eorean" or "Eörean" and its Linguifex code of "eore". Paranukian is an OSV, adjective-noun fusional language, and is closely related to the other Paranukian languages such as Funaokian, Sununchu and Pago.

Grammar

Articles

Paranukian articles are inflected on number and case.

Paranukian articles
indef def
sing pl sing pl
nom e he te se
acc o ho to ho/so
gen a ha ta sa
dat/inst u hu tu so/su

Articles after the slashes (so for accusative plural definite and su for dative/instrumental plural definite) are considered literary and are rarely used in spoken speech unless the situation calls for very formal language, such as an official government communication.

Genitives with proper nouns as possessors can use both the indefinite or definite article, though with slight semantic differences. For example, if there are two people named John who possess a car each, this can be expressed as:

kara ha John
car indef.pl-gen John
"[Some] Johns' cars"

However, if there are two people named John who collectively own one car, then the definite is used:

kara sa John
car def.pl-gen John
"The Johns' car"

Other proper nouns have a codified number and definiteness, e.g.

  • countries are always singular definite, as in Ta Firanasa ba huri na "My father is from France", or To Amerika ingihi "I am going to America".
  • people of a high social order, such as the elderly, religious officials and elected politicians, are always referred to in the third-person with the singular definite, such as te Eöre Mokimiga hoi... "Ëore Mokimiga declares..."

Verbs

Paranukian verbs are inflected on subject number, subject definiteness, tense, and mood. Paranukian has no continuous aspect, only an indicative one which is unmarked. Personal pronouns are considered definite.

Paranukian verbs fall into two categories, I and II. Class I verbs end in -i in their infinitive form, and are inflected as such:

Paranukian class I verb paradigm
Subject
indef def
sing pl sing pl
Non-past ind -i -isi -ihi -ifi
pot -iki -isiki -ihiki -ifiki
cond -ini -isini -ihini -ifini
imp -o -oto
Past ind -e -esi -ehi -efi
pot -eki -esiki -ehiki -efiki
cond -eni -esini -ehini -efini

Class II verbs include a morphological future tense and are generally more irregular, though they typically end in -u in the infinitive.

Paranukian class II verb paradigm
Subject
indef def
sing pl sing pl
Present ind -u -usu -uhu -ufu
pot -uku -usiku -uhiku -ufiku
cond -unu -usinu -uhinu -ufinu
imp -o -oho
Past ind -e -osu -ohu -ofu
pot -eki -osiku -ohiku -ofiku
cond -eni -osinu -ohinu -ofinu
Future ind -a -isa -iha -ifa
pot -uka -usika -uhika -ufika
cond -una -usina -uhina -ufina
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