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Bright languages are constructed languages intended to be aesthetically pleasing, predictable, and stable in utterance.
{{Construction}}


Bright languages are constructed languages often intended to be aesthetically pleasing, predictable, and phonologically stable.


==Introduction==
==Introduction==


Bright Tongue vs Dark Tongue<br>
*lack of gutturals vs lack of labials ex. bel vs gog
*synthesis vs anathesis
*sounds don't repeat in the syllable ex. Bel
*diphthongs allowed vs diphthongs forbidden
*only sonorants as free coda vs only stops as free coda
*constraints...






Dark tongues may access /ɥ/
ple pel lep elp
tra tar rat art
āmps ambi abe bel ela ilba psā (amba alba)
ānts andi ade dar era irda tsā (anta arda)
belep, bellat


==Phonology==


4 vowels and 8 consonants.


===Sound Laws===
K [associated with choking


P [associated with kissing




*Voicing: consonants between vowels are voiced.
In Veno's Dark Tongue
*Devoicing: initial and final consonants are voiceless.
''gog yoguguluk'' "X speaks"
*Lenition: if two bordering syllables/syllable portions possess the same consonant, the consonant of the weakest syllable (portion) disappears.<br>
EX: The Adamic or Babelic forms ''vāl'' "person" and ''vār'' "people" become ''alf'' and ''elbë'' respectively in the Bright Tongue [''alp'' instead of ''*falf''].<br>
*Assimilation:
alba-alp > albabelë; silma-alp > silmemalë; ...
*Harmony: [a > e > i] or [i > e > a]<br>
*Mutation: consonants extend grade until there is only one.<br>
m/n + p -mb [extension of p]<br>
m/n + t -nd [extension of t]<br>
r/l + f -lb [extension of l]<br>
r/l + c -rd [extension of r]<br>
r/l + m = -lm [extension of m]<br>
r/l + n = -rn [extension of n]<br>
*/t/ can only happen before /a/ and/or /ə/.


Because final consonants are easily lost in Typology, /r/ /l/ /m/ and /n/ always mutate
''yo-'' "X" + ''-gu-'' [X] + ''-g-'' [X] +''-ul-'' [X] + ''-uk'' [X]


C̥VC̬VC̥


anë
sebeze paddaen adres nirdasbar vs zhogodosh kaktatona atrosh nurtaskara


''ídrā naiaris'' "I was bitten by a serpent", ''siverae aebidis'' "I was bitten by a mosquito" ...


[the dorsal column was deleted and the distinction of voice lost] ...plus, m and n are added and f and s lost
nazil "flower", naevalla "sword"
m, l, p, b
n, r, t, d


alma > almi > ilmi
belep (nom) bellī (pl) albā (col)<br>
ilmi nae
bel (acc) parabel (pl) ambī (col)<br>
ilmi tae
elbī (gen) il (pl) pasadarvā (col)<br>
ilmi ae
vs
alba "people" [alp, elbë]
gog, gog-nagog<br>
arda "things" [art, erdë]
gogash, gog-nagogash<br>
alma "high faculties" [al, elmë]
gogu, gog-nagogu<br>
arna "emotions, sensations" [ar, ernë]
amba "time" [amp, embë]
anda "space" [ant, endë]
-
endar "land", anderë "lands"
embal (amba + arda/alba) "celestial body~god", ambelë...
endar
tirya
arni, ernyë


*Belep vs gog
*Balardemea vs kalaradunga


NA > ni [0], nae [1]
alba enir
ni, pe, ae
MA
NA
PA
TA
LA
RA
-
ALBA
ARDA
AMBA
ANDA
ALMA
ARNA


nua vāl / nua valár = ni erec alf ... ni
Mixed Breed Dark Tongue:
*analytic
''gog yoguguluk dash'' /ɠɔɠ ɥoɠuɠuɠuluk daʃ/
*no articles
*no declension
*context and syntax play important role


iru > erdi
erda alf
avâla iku


Adamic verb
Pure Breed Dark Tongue:
arú > erec
''kꜣ̥k yꜣ̥kwkwlwk tsh'' /ƙħ̩ƙ ɥ̊ħ̩ƙʷƙʷlʷƙ tʃ/
ārú > irida


nua sit, askút
Vocabulary drawn from the Lovecraft Mythos, Tolkien's Legendarium  ...
ni ereden
-
ísit ārú
ni irida ederen


sikt > ciren
''rꜣlyẙh khlw̥hllw'' "city", ''kl̥ rꜣ̥k'' "demon", ''ns̥k kw̥l'' "ghost", ''shw̥k nw̥kwrth'' "goat"
hal > cilma




cilm


sikt niru
nae ciren


Laiberim
Ungrauzuru
Trizandir
Naevalla


''Elbë irida indili ni''
= ''Ara avâla ana ahalâ''


If without D-equilibrium:
*Language rich in consonants and no vowels
*Language rich in vowels and no consonants


ciren (n), ederen (v)
*Language rich in intersegmentals and no metasegmentals
cilma (n), indili (v)


-s-k-t- > ciren, cirendë
''wl̥krꜣn'' /w̥l̩krħn̥/, ''kl̥x'' /kl̩ks/, ''wr̥l'' /w̥r̩l/, ''kr̥kt'' /kr̩kt/, ''tn̥c'' /tn̩ts/, ''tn̥k'' /tn̩k/ ''nẙx'' /n̥ĭks/, ''lw̥kwky'' /l̥ŭkʷkʲ/, ''sꜣ̥t'' /sʕ̩t/.
h/q > n
s/z > c
k/g > r
-
t/d > nd




h/q>
/jɪee̞ɛæa īi̯/


z >
īy ay "the man", ī īnain "the mountain"
g > l
d > mb


n r c
A pure anathetic language would rather focus on the combinations of words than the words themselves (meaningless individually in this case): In Veno's Dark Tongue, associations strike as grammatical in zodrak hu "dog" versus hu zodrak "cat".


A pure magis-synthetic language focuses instead on words of a variety of meanings. In Veno's Bright Tongue, elbī is a genitive of "person".






Velar stops such as /k/ are problematic, therefore removed. Palatalization /ku/ for example has the tendence to inevitably change to /kʷ/ and /b/, whereas /ki/ will lead to /t͡ʃi/ and /ʃi/.


Back vowels are totally erased, to contrast with dark tongues, plus to avoid the sound change /du/ > /dʷ/ > /b/


===Consonants===


Anathesis: In Portuguese, ''ca'' alone means nothing, as does ''sa'', yet ''casa'' means "house". Synthesis: In Latin, the particle ''-orum'' means not only [genitive], but also [plural] and [masculine]/[neuter]. Agglutination, on the other hand, is the neutral morphological nature.


===Vowels===
degrees of purity
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Intonation====


===Phonotactics===
important remark: anathesis is not that the components don't have meaning, but that the composition has a novel meaning because of them
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
===Morphophonology===


==Morphology==
==Phonology==
The Bright Tongue is composed of stems, which modify roots.


ALMA > ELEME
eldar (alba-endar)
erbal (arda-elbar)
arbelë
ilben, ilbini
eleben, af
lef, felin
ilmen, ilmini
elemen, am
lem, melin


irdem, irdimi
 
eredem, erc
===Sound Laws===
rec, cerin


==Syntax==
==Syntax==

Latest revision as of 13:39, 29 April 2026


Bright languages are constructed languages often intended to be aesthetically pleasing, predictable, and phonologically stable.

Introduction

Bright Tongue vs Dark Tongue

  • lack of gutturals vs lack of labials ex. bel vs gog
  • synthesis vs anathesis
  • sounds don't repeat in the syllable ex. Bel
  • diphthongs allowed vs diphthongs forbidden
  • only sonorants as free coda vs only stops as free coda
  • constraints...


Dark tongues may access /ɥ/

ple pel lep elp

tra tar rat art

āmps ambi abe bel ela ilba psā (amba alba)

ānts andi ade dar era irda tsā (anta arda)

belep, bellat


K [associated with choking

P [associated with kissing


In Veno's Dark Tongue gog yoguguluk "X speaks"

yo- "X" + -gu- [X] + -g- [X] +-ul- [X] + -uk [X]


sebeze paddaen adres nirdasbar vs zhogodosh kaktatona atrosh nurtaskara

ídrā naiaris "I was bitten by a serpent", siverae aebidis "I was bitten by a mosquito" ...

nazil "flower", naevalla "sword"

belep (nom) bellī (pl) albā (col)
bel (acc) parabel (pl) ambī (col)
elbī (gen) il (pl) pasadarvā (col)
vs gog, gog-nagog
gogash, gog-nagogash
gogu, gog-nagogu

  • Belep vs gog
  • Balardemea vs kalaradunga


Mixed Breed Dark Tongue: gog yoguguluk dash /ɠɔɠ ɥoɠuɠuɠuluk daʃ/


Pure Breed Dark Tongue: kꜣ̥k yꜣ̥kwkwlwk tsh /ƙħ̩ƙ ɥ̊ħ̩ƙʷƙʷlʷƙ tʃ/

Vocabulary drawn from the Lovecraft Mythos, Tolkien's Legendarium ...

rꜣlyẙh khlw̥hllw "city", kl̥ rꜣ̥k "demon", ns̥k kw̥l "ghost", shw̥k nw̥kwrth "goat"



Laiberim Ungrauzuru Trizandir Naevalla


If without D-equilibrium:

  • Language rich in consonants and no vowels
  • Language rich in vowels and no consonants
  • Language rich in intersegmentals and no metasegmentals

wl̥krꜣn /w̥l̩krħn̥/, kl̥x /kl̩ks/, wr̥l /w̥r̩l/, kr̥kt /kr̩kt/, tn̥c /tn̩ts/, tn̥k /tn̩k/ nẙx /n̥ĭks/, lw̥kwky /l̥ŭkʷkʲ/, sꜣ̥t /sʕ̩t/.


/jɪee̞ɛæa īi̯/

īy ay "the man", ī īnain "the mountain"

A pure anathetic language would rather focus on the combinations of words than the words themselves (meaningless individually in this case): In Veno's Dark Tongue, associations strike as grammatical in zodrak hu "dog" versus hu zodrak "cat".

A pure magis-synthetic language focuses instead on words of a variety of meanings. In Veno's Bright Tongue, elbī is a genitive of "person".




Anathesis: In Portuguese, ca alone means nothing, as does sa, yet casa means "house". Synthesis: In Latin, the particle -orum means not only [genitive], but also [plural] and [masculine]/[neuter]. Agglutination, on the other hand, is the neutral morphological nature.

degrees of purity

important remark: anathesis is not that the components don't have meaning, but that the composition has a novel meaning because of them

Phonology

Sound Laws

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources

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