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{{Infobox language|image=|imagesize=|imagecaption=|name=Nga|nativename=|pronunciation=ŋɑ|pronunciation_key=|state=|setting=|created=2026|familycolor=Kamokynga<sup>[''controversial'']</sup>|creator=User:Suqi|era=|script=|nation=|map=|mapsize=|mapcaption=|notice=IPA}}'''Nga''' [ŋɑ], also splled as '''Ŋa''', is an artistic personal language of [[User:Suqi|Suqi]] that is heavily based around the compounding of monosyllabic root words to make new lexical items.
{{Infobox language|image=|imagesize=|imagecaption=|name=Nga|nativename=|pronunciation=ŋɑ|pronunciation_key=|state=|setting=|created=2026|familycolor=Kamokynga<sup>[''controversial'']</sup>|creator=User:Suqi|era=|script=|nation=|map=|mapsize=|mapcaption=|notice=IPA}}'''Nga''' [ŋɑ] is an artistic personal language of [[User:Suqi|Suqi]] that is heavily based around the compounding of monosyllabic root words to make new lexical items.


== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
Line 6: Line 6:


=== Vowel Harmony ===
=== Vowel Harmony ===
Nga has regressive fronting harmony. Harmony spreads across entire words. Front vowels include /y e ø yi̯ ei̯ øi̯ øy̯ ue̯/ and back vowels include /u ɜ o ui̯ ɤi̯ oi̯ ou̯ uɜ̯/. There are two neutral vowels: /ɑ ai̯/, and three vowels that are transparent in medial and final syllables, but trigger harmony when in an initial syllable: /i/ (triggers front harmony) and /ɔ ɔi̯/ (trigger back harmony). /ɜ uɜ̯/ must be preceded by a harmonically back vowel.
Nga has regressive fronting harmony. Harmony spreads across entire words. Front vowels include /y e ø yi̯ ei̯ øi̯ øy̯ ʉe̯/ and back vowels include /ʉ ɜ o ui̯ ɜi̯ oi̯ ou̯ ʉɜ̯/. There are two neutral vowels: /ɑ ai̯/, and three vowels that are transparent in medial and final syllables, but trigger harmony when in an initial syllable: /i/ (triggers front harmony) and /ɔ ɔi̯/ (trigger back harmony). /ɜ uɜ̯/ must be preceded by a harmonically back vowel.


=== Allophony ===
=== Allophony ===
/u/ becomes [ᵿ] before /i/ in across a syllable boundary.
/ʉ/ becomes [u] if there are other harmonic back vowels in the word (excluding /ʉ ui̯/) unless immediately followed by /i/.
 
[ʉ] ranges between central [ʉ] and near-back [ü].


Geminated voiced plosives become instead prenasalized voiced plosives.
Geminated voiced plosives become instead prenasalized voiced plosives.
Line 16: Line 18:
=== Syntax ===
=== Syntax ===
The basic word order is VSO.
The basic word order is VSO.
Sentence particles are placed sentence-finally by default, but sentence-initially if said in surprise or exclamation.


=== Morphology ===
=== Morphology ===
==== Tense ====
==== Tense ====
Past Tense: -''ltu/-ltü'' [-ltu, -lty]
Tense markers are marked on the verb, but if there is no verb they are marked on the subject instead. In that event, the subject suffixes are placed after the subject marker.


Present Tense: -''khai'' [khai̯]
Past Tense: -''ltu'' (or -''ltü'') [-ltʉ~ltu (-lty)]
 
Present Tense: -''khai'' [-khai̯]


Future Tense: -''myi'' [-mji]
Future Tense: -''myi'' [-mji]
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Irrealis: Ø
Irrealis: Ø


* Past Irrealis: ''oltu''- [oltu-]
* Past Irrealis: ''oltu''- [oltʉ~oltu-]
* Present Irrealis: ''okhai''- [okhai̯-]
* Present Irrealis: ''okhai''- [okhai̯-]
* Future Irrealis: ''omyi''- [omji-]
* Future Irrealis: ''omyi''- [omji-]
Line 34: Line 40:
There are different types of subject markers for different relationships the subject has to the verb or object.
There are different types of subject markers for different relationships the subject has to the verb or object.


Motile subject: ''-msu/-msü'' [-msu, -msy]
Motile subject: ''-msu'' (or -''msü'') [-msʉ~msu (-msy)]


Present subject: -''ćto/ćtö'' [-t͡ɕto, -t͡ɕtø]
Present subject: -''ćto/ćtö'' [-t͡ɕto, -t͡ɕtø]
Line 41: Line 47:


Potential subject: -''hći'' [-ht͡ɕi]
Potential subject: -''hći'' [-ht͡ɕi]
==== Sentence Particles ====
Interrogative: ''wa'' [wɑ]
Additive: ''qe'' [qe]
Contrastic, emphatic: ''m'ai'' [mʔai̯]


== Translations ==
== Translations ==
{|
| colspan="4" |'''Vultu tsumsu.'''
|-
| colspan="4" |[βʉltʉ t͡sʉmsʉ]
|-
|Vu
| -ltu
|tsu
| -msu
|-
|down
|{{sc|-pst}}
|lightning
|{{sc|-motsbj}}
|-
| colspan="4" |“Lightning struck.”
|}
-
{|
| colspan="3" |'''Oućtokhai.'''
|-
| colspan="3" |[ou̯t͡ɕtokhai̯]
|-
|Ou
| -ćto
| -khai
|-
|person
|{{sc|-psnsbj}}
|{{sc|-prs}}
|-
| colspan="3" |“There is a person.”
|}
-
{|
| colspan="3" |'''Oumsumyi.'''
|-
| colspan="3" |[ou̯msumji]
|-
|Ou
| -msu
| -myi
|-
|person
|{{sc|-motsbj}}
|{{sc|-fut}}
|-
| colspan="3" |“A person will go.”
|}
== Lexicon ==
== Lexicon ==
=== Root Words ===
=== Root Words ===
Line 52: Line 115:
|-
|-
!ku
!ku
|[ku]
|[kʉ]
|alone
|alone
| -
|-
!lai
|[lai̯]
|art
| -
| -
|-
|-
Line 66: Line 134:
| -
| -
|-
|-
!ŋe
!nge
|[ŋe]
|[ŋe]
|clean
|clean
Line 79: Line 147:
| rowspan="2" |[kei̯]
| rowspan="2" |[kei̯]
|cube
|cube
| rowspan="2" | -
| rowspan="2" |A square- or cube-based shape, design, or geometry.
|-
|-
|square
|square
|-
|-
!vu
!vu
|[βu]
|[βʉ]
|down
|down
| -
| -
Line 124: Line 192:
|-
|-
!tsu
!tsu
|[t͡su]
|[t͡sʉ]
|lightning
|lightning
| -
| -
Line 158: Line 226:
| -
| -
|-
|-
!ŋa
!nga
|[ŋɑ]
|[ŋɑ]
|speak
|speak
| -
| -
|-
!ńbue
|[<sup>ɲ</sup>ʘ<sup>w</sup>ʉɜ̯]
|style
|Also refers to modification or variation.
|-
|-
!ti
!ti
Line 169: Line 242:
|-
|-
!mu
!mu
|[mu]
|[mʉ]
|together
|together
| -
| -
Line 184: Line 257:
The meaning of a compound word is not produced systematically, it has a significant degree of arbitrarity. Therefore, if two roots on their own form a compound with one meaning, those same roots in the same order become part of another compound word, they will not incorporate the meaning of their own compound, they will contribute to a new meaning with the other root(s). However, compound words can be compounded to other roots if the boundary between the two has a /G/ interfix. This interfix is the only place /G/ occurs in the language.
The meaning of a compound word is not produced systematically, it has a significant degree of arbitrarity. Therefore, if two roots on their own form a compound with one meaning, those same roots in the same order become part of another compound word, they will not incorporate the meaning of their own compound, they will contribute to a new meaning with the other root(s). However, compound words can be compounded to other roots if the boundary between the two has a /G/ interfix. This interfix is the only place /G/ occurs in the language.


Bold compound components are themselves compounds.
==== Double-Compound Words ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! colspan="4" |Nga
! colspan="4" |Nga
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!1
!1
!2
!2
|-
!ćeńbue
|će
|ńbue
|[t͡ɕe<sup>ɲ</sup>ʘ<sup>w</sup>ʉe̯]
!snowflake
|ice
|style
| -
|-
|-
!ćevü
!ćevü
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| -
| -
|-
|-
!füvvüqa
!goôi
|fü
|go
|vu-qa
|ôi
|[ɸyββyqɑ]
|[ɡoɔi̯]
!snow cave-in
!ecosystem
|snow
|sea
|'''tumble'''
|land
|Snow that is caving in.
| -
|-
|-
!kuôi
!kuôi
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|alone
|alone
|sea
|sea
| -
|-
!kuttsui
|ku
|'''tsu-i'''
|[kutt͡sʉi]
!electron
|alone
|'''electric'''
| -
| -
|-
|-
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|ku
|ku
|yü
|yü
|[kuju]
|[kʉjʉ]
!light
!light
|alone
|alone
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|A group of photons following the same trajectory
|A group of photons following the same trajectory
|-
|-
!kuyyui
!laina
|ku
|lai
|'''yü-i'''
|na
|[kujjʉi]
|[lai̯nɑ]
!photon
!art of quality
|alone
|art
|'''glint'''
|plant
|Refers more specifically to art the artist put a lot of effort into rather than an aesthetic result.
|-
!laina
|lai
|na
|[lai̯nɑ]
!novel
|art
|plant
| -
| -
|-
!lainge
|lai
|nge
|[lai̯ŋe]
!cartoon
|art
|clean
|Refers more to the cartoon style than animation itself. Also refers to line art or unrendered art.
|-
|-
!miće
!miće
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| -
| -
|-
|-
!miŋe
!minge
|mi
|mi
|ŋe
|nge
|[miŋe]
|[miŋe]
!new
!new
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|Instead means “take” if the one doing the action is the speaker.
|Instead means “take” if the one doing the action is the speaker.
|-
|-
!mottsui
!muou
|mo
|mu
|'''tsu-i'''
|ou
|[mott͡sʉi]
|[muou̯]
!electronic tablet
!community
|hold
|together
|'''electric'''
|person
| -
|-
!nati
|na
|ti
|[nɑti]
!tree
|plant
|tall
| -
|-
!ńbueće
|ńbue
|će
|[<sup>ɲ</sup>ʘ<sup>w</sup>ʉɜ̯t͡ɕɜ]
!ice variant
|style
|ice
| -
| -
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |ŋattsui
!ńbueou
| rowspan="2" |ŋa
|ńbue
| rowspan="2" |'''tsu-i'''
|ou
| rowspan="2" |[ŋɑtt͡sʉi]
|[<sup>ɲ</sup>ʘ<sup>w</sup>ʉɜ̯ou̯]
!phone
!personality
| rowspan="2" |speak
|style
| rowspan="2" |'''electric'''
|person
| rowspan="2" | -
|Also refers to archetype.
|-
!ńiôi
|ńi
|ôi
|[ɲiɔi̯]
!flood
|come
|sea
| -
|-
|-
!phone call
!ngańbue
|nga
|ńbue
|[ŋɑ<sup>ɲ</sup>ʘ<sup>w</sup>ʉɜ̯]
!dialect
|speak
|style
|Also refers to idiolect.
|-
|-
!ŋekü
!ngekü
|ŋe
|nge
|ku
|ku
|[ŋeky]
|[ŋeky]
Line 337: Line 462:
|alone
|alone
|A removal of dirt from one item or one place on an object.
|A removal of dirt from one item or one place on an object.
|-
!oumu
|ou
|mu
|[ou̯mu]
!crowd
|person
|together
| -
|-
!ôimaa
|ôi
|maa
|[ɔi̯mɑː]
!current
|sea
|go
|A current in a body of water.
|-
!ôińi
|ôi
|ńi
|[ɔi̯ɲi]
!wave
|sea
|come
|A moving disturbance in a body of water.
|-
!ôiti
|ôi
|ti
|[ɔi̯ti]
!tsunami
|sea
|tall
| -
|-
|-
!pôi
!pôi
Line 354: Line 515:
|big
|big
|together
|together
| -
|-
!pômu'ou
|'''pô-mu'''
|ou
|[pɔmuʔou̯]
!population
|'''all'''
|person
| -
| -
|-
|-
Line 368: Line 520:
|qa
|qa
|vu
|vu
|[qɑβu]
|[qɑβʉ]
!slam
!slam
|hit
|hit
Line 374: Line 526:
| -
| -
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |vućë
!quivu
| rowspan="2" |vu
|qui
| rowspan="2" |će
|vu
| rowspan="2" |[βut͡ɕɜ]
|[qui̯βʉ]
!downstroke
|ink
|down
|A stroke downward with a writing utensil along a writing medium.
|-
!quixo
|qui
|xo
|[qui̯xo]
!page
|ink
|wood
|A page with writing or image(s).
|-
!tina
|ti
|na
|[tinɑ]
!tree trunk
|tall
|plant
| -
|-
!tsui
|tsu
|i
|[t͡sʉi]
!electric
|lightning
|small
| -
|-
!vućë
|vu
|će
|[βut͡ɕɜ]
!hail
!hail
| rowspan="2" |down
|down
| rowspan="2" |ice
|ice
| rowspan="2" | -
|Also means sleet.
|-
!sleet
|-
|-
!vufu
!vufu
|vu
|vu
|fü
|fü
|[βuɸu]
|[βʉɸʉ]
!snowing
!snowing
|down
|down
Line 397: Line 583:
|vu
|vu
|qa
|qa
|[βuqɑ]
|[βʉqɑ]
!tumble
!tumble
|down
|down
|hit
|hit
|A fall that results in a relevant impact.
|A fall that results in a relevant impact.
|-
!vuqaffu
|'''vu-qa'''
|'''fü'''
|[βuqɑɸɸu]
!avalanche
|'''tumble'''
|snow
| -
|-
|-
!vuqui
!vuqui
|vu
|vu
|qui
|qui
|[βuqui̯]
|[βʉqui̯]
!ink drop
!ink drop
|down
|down
|ink
|ink
| -
|-
!yümaa
|yü
|maa
|[jymɑː]
!EM radiation
|light
|go
| -
|-
!yüńi
|yü
|ńi
|[jyɲi]
!color
|light
|come
|Also refers to visible light.
|}
==== Triple-Compound Words ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! colspan="5" |Nga
! colspan="5" |English
|-
! rowspan="2" |Word
! colspan="3" |Roots
! rowspan="2" |IPA
! rowspan="2" |Word
! colspan="3" |Roots
! rowspan="2" |Meaning
|-
!1
!2
!3
!1
!2
!3
|-
!füvvüqa
|fü
| colspan="2" |vu-qa
|[ɸyββyqɑ]
!snow cave-in
|snow
| colspan="2" |tumble
|Snow that is caving in.
|-
!kuttsui
|ku
| colspan="2" |tsu-i
|[kʉtt͡sʉi]
!electron
|alone
| colspan="2" |electric
| -
|-
!kuyyui
|ku
| colspan="2" |yü-i
|[kʉjjʉi]
!photon
|alone
| colspan="2" |glint
| -
|-
!mottsui
|mo
| colspan="2" |tsu-i
|[mott͡sʉi]
!mobile device
|hold
| colspan="2" |electric
| -
|-
!mungoôi
|mu
| colspan="2" |go-ôi
|[muŋɡoɔi̯]
!world
|together
| colspan="2" |ecosystem
| -
|-
!mupôou
|mu
|pô
|ou
|[mupɔou̯]
!state
|together
|big
|person
|A self-governing political entity.
|-
!muouggo
| colspan="2" |mu-ou
|go
|[muou̯ŋɡo]
!territory
| colspan="2" |community
|land
|An area of land associated with a particular group of people.
|-
!natiggo
| colspan="2" |na-ti
|go
|[nɑtiŋɡo]
!forest
| colspan="2" |tree
|land
| -
|-
!ngattsui
|nga
| colspan="2" |tsu-i
|[ŋɑtt͡sʉi]
!phone
|speak
| colspan="2" |electric
|Also means phone call.
|-
!ôińi'i
| colspan="2" |ôi-ńi
|i
|[ɔi̯ɲiʔi]
!small wave
| colspan="2" |wave
|small
|A moving disturbance in a small volume of liquid.
|-
!pômu'ou
| colspan="2" |pô-mu
|ou
|[pɔmuʔou̯]
!population
| colspan="2" |all
|person
| -
|-
!tsuikku
| colspan="2" |tsu-i
|ku
|[t͡sʉikkʉ]
!volt
| colspan="2" |electric
|small
| -
|-
!vuqaffu
| colspan="2" |vu-qa
|fü
|[βʉqɑɸɸʉ]
!avalanche
| colspan="2" |tumble
|snow
| -
|-
!yüiôi
|yü
|i
|ôi
|[jyiɔi̯]
!photon field
|light
|small
|sea
| -
|}
==== Quadruple-Compound Words ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! colspan="6" |Nga
! colspan="6" |English
|-
! rowspan="2" |Word
! colspan="4" |Roots
! rowspan="2" |IPA
! rowspan="2" |Word
! colspan="4" |Roots
! rowspan="2" |Meaning
|-
!1
!2
!3
!4
!1
!2
!3
!4
|-
!natiggo'i
| colspan="3" |na-ti-go
|i
|[nɑtiŋɡoʔi]
!grove
| colspan="3" |forest
|small
| -
|-
!mummupôou
|mu
| colspan="3" |mu-pô-ou
|[mummupɔou̯]
!union
|together
| colspan="3" |state
|A union of states.
|-
!mungoôikkëi
| colspan="3" |mu-go-ôi
|kei
|[muŋɡoɔi̯kkɜi̯]
!Minecraft
| colspan="3" |world
|cube
| -
| -
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 02:58, 18 March 2026

Nga
Pronunciation[ŋɑ]
Created bySuqi
Date2026
Kamokynga[controversial]
  • Nga
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Nga [ŋɑ] is an artistic personal language of Suqi that is heavily based around the compounding of monosyllabic root words to make new lexical items.

Phonology

Syllable Structure

Nga follows a (C)V(V) syllable structure for root words, (C)V(V)(G) for compounded roots, and (C)(C)V(V)(C)(C) structure for affixes. /G/ stands for gemination of the following consonant, which if followed by a vowel becomes [ʔ] instead.

Vowel Harmony

Nga has regressive fronting harmony. Harmony spreads across entire words. Front vowels include /y e ø yi̯ ei̯ øi̯ øy̯ ʉe̯/ and back vowels include /ʉ ɜ o ui̯ ɜi̯ oi̯ ou̯ ʉɜ̯/. There are two neutral vowels: /ɑ ai̯/, and three vowels that are transparent in medial and final syllables, but trigger harmony when in an initial syllable: /i/ (triggers front harmony) and /ɔ ɔi̯/ (trigger back harmony). /ɜ uɜ̯/ must be preceded by a harmonically back vowel.

Allophony

/ʉ/ becomes [u] if there are other harmonic back vowels in the word (excluding /ʉ ui̯/) unless immediately followed by /i/.

[ʉ] ranges between central [ʉ] and near-back [ü].

Geminated voiced plosives become instead prenasalized voiced plosives.

Grammar

Syntax

The basic word order is VSO.

Sentence particles are placed sentence-finally by default, but sentence-initially if said in surprise or exclamation.

Morphology

Tense

Tense markers are marked on the verb, but if there is no verb they are marked on the subject instead. In that event, the subject suffixes are placed after the subject marker.

Past Tense: -ltu (or -ltü) [-ltʉ~ltu (-lty)]

Present Tense: -khai [-khai̯]

Future Tense: -myi [-mji]

Irrealis: Ø

  • Past Irrealis: oltu- [oltʉ~oltu-]
  • Present Irrealis: okhai- [okhai̯-]
  • Future Irrealis: omyi- [omji-]

Subject Markers

There are different types of subject markers for different relationships the subject has to the verb or object.

Motile subject: -msu (or -msü) [-msʉ~msu (-msy)]

Present subject: -ćto/ćtö [-t͡ɕto, -t͡ɕtø]

Identity subject: -ńwai [-ɲwai̯]

Potential subject: -hći [-ht͡ɕi]

Sentence Particles

Interrogative: wa [wɑ]

Additive: qe [qe]

Contrastic, emphatic: m'ai [mʔai̯]

Translations

Vultu tsumsu.
[βʉltʉ t͡sʉmsʉ]
Vu -ltu tsu -msu
down -pst lightning -motsbj
“Lightning struck.”

-

Oućtokhai.
[ou̯t͡ɕtokhai̯]
Ou -ćto -khai
person -psnsbj -prs
“There is a person.”

-

Oumsumyi.
[ou̯msumji]
Ou -msu -myi
person -motsbj -fut
“A person will go.”

Lexicon

Root Words

IPA English Meaning
ku [kʉ] alone -
lai [lai̯] art -
pô [pɔ] big -
mi [mi] blank -
nge [ŋe] clean -
ńi [ɲi] come -
kei [kei̯] cube A square- or cube-based shape, design, or geometry.
square
vu [βʉ] down -
maa [mɑː] go -
qa [qɑ] hit -
mo [mo] hold -
će [t͡ɕe] ice -
qui [qui̯] ink -
go [ɡo] land -
yü [jy] light -
tsu [t͡sʉ] lightning -
tü [ty] music -
ou [ou̯] person -
na [nɑ] plant -
ôi [ɔi̯] sea -
i [i] small -
fü [ɸy] snow -
nga [ŋɑ] speak -
ńbue [ɲʘwʉɜ̯] style Also refers to modification or variation.
ti [ti] tall -
mu [mʉ] together -
xo [xo] wood -

Compound Words

Compound words are formed with a specific structure to produce a meaning. The first root in a compound connects its meaning to the compound's meaning most literally, and the last root in a compound connects its meaning to the compound's meaning most abstractly.

The meaning of a compound word is not produced systematically, it has a significant degree of arbitrarity. Therefore, if two roots on their own form a compound with one meaning, those same roots in the same order become part of another compound word, they will not incorporate the meaning of their own compound, they will contribute to a new meaning with the other root(s). However, compound words can be compounded to other roots if the boundary between the two has a /G/ interfix. This interfix is the only place /G/ occurs in the language.

Double-Compound Words

Nga English
Word Roots IPA Word Roots Meaning
1 2 1 2
ćeńbue će ńbue [t͡ɕeɲʘwʉe̯] snowflake ice style -
ćevü će vu [t͡ɕeβy] ice melting ice down -
füvü fü vu [ɸyβy] snow melting snow down -
goôi go ôi [ɡoɔi̯] ecosystem sea land -
kuôi ku ôi [kuɔi̯] island alone sea -
kuyu ku yü [kʉjʉ] light alone light A group of photons following the same trajectory
laina lai na [lai̯nɑ] art of quality art plant Refers more specifically to art the artist put a lot of effort into rather than an aesthetic result.
laina lai na [lai̯nɑ] novel art plant -
lainge lai nge [lai̯ŋe] cartoon art clean Refers more to the cartoon style than animation itself. Also refers to line art or unrendered art.
miće mi će [mit͡ɕe] glass blank ice -
mixö mi xo [mixø] paper blank wood -
minge mi nge [miŋe] new blank clean -
momaa mo maa [momɑː] take hold go Instead means “bring” if the one doing the action is the speaker.
mońi mo ńi [moɲi] bring hold come Instead means “take” if the one doing the action is the speaker.
muou mu ou [muou̯] community together person -
nati na ti [nɑti] tree plant tall -
ńbueće ńbue će [ɲʘwʉɜ̯t͡ɕɜ] ice variant style ice -
ńbueou ńbue ou [ɲʘwʉɜ̯ou̯] personality style person Also refers to archetype.
ńiôi ńi ôi [ɲiɔi̯] flood come sea -
ngańbue nga ńbue [ŋɑɲʘwʉɜ̯] dialect speak style Also refers to idiolect.
ngekü nge ku [ŋeky] clean clean alone A removal of dirt from one item or one place on an object.
oumu ou mu [ou̯mu] crowd person together -
ôimaa ôi maa [ɔi̯mɑː] current sea go A current in a body of water.
ôińi ôi ńi [ɔi̯ɲi] wave sea come A moving disturbance in a body of water.
ôiti ôi ti [ɔi̯ti] tsunami sea tall -
pôi pô i [pɔi] grow big small -
pômu pô mu [pɔmu] all big together -
qavu qa vu [qɑβʉ] slam hit down -
quivu qui vu [qui̯βʉ] downstroke ink down A stroke downward with a writing utensil along a writing medium.
quixo qui xo [qui̯xo] page ink wood A page with writing or image(s).
tina ti na [tinɑ] tree trunk tall plant -
tsui tsu i [t͡sʉi] electric lightning small -
vućë vu će [βut͡ɕɜ] hail down ice Also means sleet.
vufu vu fü [βʉɸʉ] snowing down snow Snow that is falling from the sky.
vuqa vu qa [βʉqɑ] tumble down hit A fall that results in a relevant impact.
vuqui vu qui [βʉqui̯] ink drop down ink -
yümaa yü maa [jymɑː] EM radiation light go -
yüńi yü ńi [jyɲi] color light come Also refers to visible light.

Triple-Compound Words

Nga English
Word Roots IPA Word Roots Meaning
1 2 3 1 2 3
füvvüqa fü vu-qa [ɸyββyqɑ] snow cave-in snow tumble Snow that is caving in.
kuttsui ku tsu-i [kʉtt͡sʉi] electron alone electric -
kuyyui ku yü-i [kʉjjʉi] photon alone glint -
mottsui mo tsu-i [mott͡sʉi] mobile device hold electric -
mungoôi mu go-ôi [muŋɡoɔi̯] world together ecosystem -
mupôou mu pô ou [mupɔou̯] state together big person A self-governing political entity.
muouggo mu-ou go [muou̯ŋɡo] territory community land An area of land associated with a particular group of people.
natiggo na-ti go [nɑtiŋɡo] forest tree land -
ngattsui nga tsu-i [ŋɑtt͡sʉi] phone speak electric Also means phone call.
ôińi'i ôi-ńi i [ɔi̯ɲiʔi] small wave wave small A moving disturbance in a small volume of liquid.
pômu'ou pô-mu ou [pɔmuʔou̯] population all person -
tsuikku tsu-i ku [t͡sʉikkʉ] volt electric small -
vuqaffu vu-qa fü [βʉqɑɸɸʉ] avalanche tumble snow -
yüiôi yü i ôi [jyiɔi̯] photon field light small sea -

Quadruple-Compound Words

Nga English
Word Roots IPA Word Roots Meaning
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
natiggo'i na-ti-go i [nɑtiŋɡoʔi] grove forest small -
mummupôou mu mu-pô-ou [mummupɔou̯] union together state A union of states.
mungoôikkëi mu-go-ôi kei [muŋɡoɔi̯kkɜi̯] Minecraft world cube -
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