Yeuric: Difference between revisions
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! colspan=2 | Front | ! colspan=2 | Front | ||
! rowspan=2 | Central | ! rowspan=2 | Central | ||
! | ! colspan=2 | Back | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Unround | |||
! Round | |||
! Unround | ! Unround | ||
! Round | ! Round | ||
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| i | | i | ||
| y | | y | ||
| | | | ||
| ɯ | |||
| u | | u | ||
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| e | | e | ||
| ø | | ø | ||
| rowspan=2 | ə | | rowspan=2 | (ə) | ||
| ɤ | |||
| o | | o | ||
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| ɛ | | ɛ | ||
| œ | | œ | ||
| ʌ | |||
| ɔ | | ɔ | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| | | | ||
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| ɑ | | ɑ | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
#/ə/ is only present in elder speakers' speech, it's gone silent in younger speakers' speech. | |||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
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===Syntax=== | ===Syntax=== | ||
Noun incorporation is incredibly common to the extent of seeming almost polysynthetic. For example, " | Noun incorporation is incredibly common to the extent of seeming almost polysynthetic. For example, "páruḥazapáeruḷav‧ẉel‧káviḥazateuliḷavṛé?", which means "Won't you take my hand and follow my lead?" (From the song "Whistling Tree", by Haunted Like Human), this breaks down roughly as: | ||
: | :páru⸗ḥa⸗za-páeru⸗ḷa⸗v-ẉel-kávi⸗ḥa⸗za-teuli⸗ḷa⸗v⸗ṛé? | ||
:take⸗fut⸗2. | :take⸗fut⸗2.if¹-hand⸗1.gen⸗acc-and-follow⸗fut⸗2.if-guidance⸗1.gen⸗acc⸗ṛé² | ||
#"if" = "informal" | #"if" = "informal" | ||
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===Morphology=== | ===Morphology=== | ||
==== | ====Nominals==== | ||
{{template:Neo-Yeuric nouns|hlauwa|m=- " | {{template:Neo-Yeuric nouns|hlauwa|g=f|m=- "speech"}} | ||
Noun compounding is common, in modern Yeuric, it functions by cleaving the gender affix off the end of the first component then adding the second component, though the affix is still often written, as in "ẉēirahlauwa". | Noun compounding is common, in modern Yeuric, it functions by cleaving the gender affix off the end of the first component then adding the second component, though the affix is still often written, as in "ẉēirahlauwa". | ||
Nominals have 3 genders, these being neuter, feminine, and masculine. The neuter is often considered the default, though verbs appear with the endings for all of them (verbs making up the roots nouns are derived from). These genders are determined through the final vowel of the root. | Nominals have 3 genders, these being neuter, feminine, and masculine. The neuter is often considered the default, though verbs appear with the endings for all of them (verbs making up the roots nouns are derived from). These genders are determined through the final vowel of the root. It should be noted these genders are entirely derivational, while true gender is determined elsewhere. | ||
:Neuter: -a | :Neuter: -a | ||
:Feminine: -i, -e | :Feminine: -i, -e | ||
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*"Ṣáuṛdi" is the name of the great desert on the Yeuran peoples' home planet, but also refers to the Sahara, it's unclear why, but it never takes the definite article. | *"Ṣáuṛdi" is the name of the great desert on the Yeuran peoples' home planet, but also refers to the Sahara, it's unclear why, but it never takes the definite article. | ||
*Some language names take the definite article, such as "ḳoẎarabija", the name for Arabic. | *Some language names take the definite article, such as "ḳoẎarabija", the name for Arabic. | ||
A very significant feature is the double pairing nominative/accusative ''and'' agentive/patientive, these are used within different verbal voices, this is incredibly important to get right. | |||
:nominative/accusative is used in active clauses | |||
:nominative/agentive is used in passive clauses | |||
:agentive/patientive is used in causative clauses | |||
Adjectives decline identically to nouns, agreeing for case, number, and gender (true, not derivational). | |||
{{template:Neo-Yeuric adjectives|hlaiwa|m=- "spoken"}} | |||
====Verbs==== | ====Verbs==== | ||
Verbs are probably the most complex aspect | Verbs are probably the most complex aspect of Yeuric morphology, being responsible for a large majority of the language's notorious difficulty among L2 learners. | ||
Verbs conjugate for an incredible amount of information, including: | Verbs conjugate for an incredible amount of information, including: | ||
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:Volitional: "-mo" ("hlawamo") | :Volitional: "-mo" ("hlawamo") | ||
:Involitional: "-pe" ("hlawape") | :Involitional: "-pe" ("hlawape") | ||
====Pronouns==== | ====Pronouns==== | ||
{{template:Neo-Yeuric pronouns}} | {{template:Neo-Yeuric pronouns}} | ||
As can be seen, all Yeuric pronouns are clitic, with most attaching to the verb, while the genitive attaches to the noun, as in " | As can be seen, all Yeuric pronouns are clitic, with most attaching to the verb, while the genitive attaches to the noun, as in "hlauwaḷa" ("my message"). | ||
Additionally, the noun case affixes can be applied to pronouns (both to the nominative and genitive ones) to convey additional information, as in: | |||
:páruḥazapáeru(v)ḷav | |||
:páru⸗ḥa⸗za-páeru(⸗v)⸗ḷa⸗v | |||
:take⸗fut⸗2.if-hand(⸗acc)⸗1.gen⸗acc | |||
====Adverbs==== | ====Adverbs==== | ||