Vrkhazhian: Difference between revisions
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
The | The tables below show the consonant phonemes found in both Imperial and Common Vrkhazhian. Letters in angle brackets indicate where the romanization of the phoneme differs from its IPA representation. | ||
{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;" | {|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+ Imperial Vrkhazhian | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 8.5em;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" | | ||
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Labial | ! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Labial | ||
! colspan="2" | Coronal | ! colspan="2" style="width: 8em;" | Coronal | ||
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | | ! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Dorsal | ||
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Glottal | ! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Glottal | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 105: | Line 106: | ||
! colspan="2" | Semivowel | ! colspan="2" | Semivowel | ||
| w | | w | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| j ⟨'''''y'''''⟩ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|+ Common Vrkhazhian | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 8.5em;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" | | |||
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Labial | |||
! colspan="3" style="width: 12em;" | Alveolar | |||
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Dorsal | |||
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 4em; font-size: smaller" | Plain | |||
! style="width: 4em; font-size: smaller" | Sibilant | |||
! style="width: 4em; font-size: smaller" | Lateral | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Nasal | |||
| m | |||
| n | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ŋ ⟨'''''n̮'''''⟩ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Stop | |||
! style="font-size: smaller" | Tenuis | |||
| p ⟨'''''b'''''⟩ | |||
| t ⟨'''''d'''''⟩ | |||
| t͡s ⟨'''''z'''''⟩ | |||
| t͡ɬ ⟨'''''ź'''''⟩ | |||
| k ⟨'''''g'''''⟩ | |||
| rowspan="2" | ʔ ⟨'''''ʾ'''''⟩ | |||
|- | |||
! style="font-size: smaller" | Aspirated | |||
| pʰ ⟨'''''p'''''⟩ | |||
| tʰ ⟨'''''t'''''⟩ | |||
| t͡sʰ ⟨'''''c'''''⟩ | |||
| t͡ɬʰ ⟨'''''ć'''''⟩ | |||
| kʰ ⟨'''''k'''''⟩ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Fricative | |||
| f | |||
| | |||
| s | |||
| ɬ ⟨'''''ś'''''⟩ | |||
| x ⟨'''''ḫ'''''⟩ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Liquid | |||
| | |||
| r | |||
| | |||
| l | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Semivowel | |||
| w | |||
| | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3" | | ! rowspan="3" | | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="6" | Independent | ||
! colspan="6" | Bound | ! colspan="6" | Bound | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="4" | Nominative | ! colspan="4" | Nominative | ||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | | ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Oblique | ||
! colspan="4" | Subject | ! colspan="4" | Subject | ||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Possessive | ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Possessive | ||
| Line 536: | Line 599: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="width: 4.2em;" | Person | ! style="width: 4.2em;" | Person | ||
! style="width: 4.2em;" | Singular | ! style="width: 4.2em;" | Singular | ||
! style="width: 4.2em;" | Plural | ! style="width: 4.2em;" | Plural | ||
| Line 556: | Line 617: | ||
| ''tunni'' | | ''tunni'' | ||
| ''tunnan'' | | ''tunnan'' | ||
| '' | | ''nīya'' | ||
| '' | | ''nāyan'' | ||
| ''-ni'' | | ''-ni'' | ||
| ''-nan'' | | ''-nan'' | ||
| Line 572: | Line 631: | ||
| ''tummi'' | | ''tummi'' | ||
| ''tumman'' | | ''tumman'' | ||
| '' | | ''mīya'' | ||
| '' | | ''māyan'' | ||
| ''-mi'' | | ''-mi'' | ||
| ''-man'' | | ''-man'' | ||
| Line 588: | Line 645: | ||
| ''tussi'' | | ''tussi'' | ||
| ''tussan'' | | ''tussan'' | ||
| '' | | ''kīya'' | ||
| '' | | ''kāyan'' | ||
| ''-ti'' | | ''-ti'' | ||
| ''-tan'' | | ''-tan'' | ||