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Vrkhazhian (''Śād Warḫāsaḫ'' "Mouth of Vrkhazh") is a language that is spoken by the Vrkhazhians who live in [[The Vrkhazhians|Warḫāsam]].
Vrkhazhian (''Śād Warḫāsaḫ'' "Mouth of Vrkhazh") is a language that is spoken by the Vrkhazhians who live in [[The Vrkhazhians|Warḫāsam]].
{{Infobox language
|boxsize = 25em
|image =
|imagesize = 250px
|name = Vrkhazhian
|pronunciation_key = IPA for Vrkhazhian
|nativename = Śād Warḫāsaḫ
|creator = User:Ahzoh
|pronunciation = ˈɬɑ̂ːd wɑr.ˈxɑ̂ː.sɑx
|states = Vrkhazh
|date = 2014
|familycolor = chattic
|fam1 = Chattic
|fam2 = ???
|fam3 = ???
|fam4 = ???
|ancestor = Old Vrkhazhian
|dia1 = Imperial Vrkhazhian
|dia2 = Common Vrkhazhian
|script = [[w:Latin script|Latin]]
|clcr = qiv
|notice = IPA
}}


==History==
==History==
Line 10: Line 34:
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
The table below shows the 25 consonant phonemes found in Vrkhazhian. Letters in angle brackets indicate where the romanization of the phoneme differs from its IPA representation.
The tables below show the consonant phonemes found in both Imperial and Common Vrkhazhian. Letters in angle brackets indicate where the romanization of the phoneme differs from its IPA representation.


{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;"
{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Imperial Vrkhazhian
|-
|-
! style="width: 8em;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" |  
! style="width: 8.5em;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" |  
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Bilabial
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Labial
! colspan="2" | Coronal
! colspan="2" style="width: 8em;" | Coronal
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Velar
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Dorsal
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Glottal
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Glottal
|-
|-
Line 36: Line 61:
|
|
| k
| k
| rowspan="3" | ʔ ⟨'''''ˀ'''''⟩  
| rowspan="3" | ʔ ⟨'''''ʾ'''''⟩  
|-
|-
! style="font-size: smaller" | Ejective
! style="font-size: smaller" | Ejective
Line 81: Line 106:
! colspan="2" | Semivowel
! colspan="2" | Semivowel
| w
| w
|
|
| j ⟨'''''y'''''⟩
|
|-
|}
{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Common Vrkhazhian
|-
! style="width: 8.5em;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Labial
! colspan="3" style="width: 12em;" | Alveolar
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Dorsal
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Glottal
|-
! style="width: 4em; font-size: smaller" | Plain
! style="width: 4em; font-size: smaller" | Sibilant
! style="width: 4em; font-size: smaller" | Lateral
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
| m
| n
|
|
| ŋ ⟨'''''n̮'''''⟩
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | Stop
! style="font-size: smaller" | Tenuis
| p ⟨'''''b'''''⟩
| t ⟨'''''d'''''⟩
| t͡s ⟨'''''z'''''⟩
| t͡ɬ ⟨'''''ź'''''⟩
| k ⟨'''''g'''''⟩
| rowspan="2" | ʔ ⟨'''''ʾ'''''⟩
|-
! style="font-size: smaller" | Aspirated
| pʰ ⟨'''''p'''''⟩
| tʰ ⟨'''''t'''''⟩
| t͡sʰ ⟨'''''c'''''⟩
| t͡ɬʰ ⟨'''''ć'''''⟩
| kʰ ⟨'''''k'''''⟩
|-
! colspan="2" | Fricative
| f
|
| s
| ɬ ⟨'''''ś'''''⟩
| x ⟨'''''ḫ'''''⟩
|
|-
! colspan="2" | Liquid
|
| r
|
| l
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | Semivowel
| w
|
|
|
|
|
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| rowspan="2" | bb
| rowspan="2" | bb
|-
|-
| p + b
| ṗ + b
|-
|-
| t + d
| t + d
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===Asymmetrical Assimilation===
===Asymmetrical Assimilation===
{|
{|
|
|
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! style="width: 6.5em;" | Components
! style="width: 6.5em;" | Components
! style="width: 3.5em;" | Result
! style="width: 3.5em;" | Result
|-
| p + m
| rowspan="3" | mm
|-
| ṗ + m
|-
| b + m
|-
|-
| p + f
| p + f
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|}
|}
|
|
|
{|
|
|
{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;"
{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;"
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! style="width: 6.5em;" | Components
! style="width: 6.5em;" | Components
! style="width: 3.5em;" | Result
! style="width: 3.5em;" | Result
|-
| t + n
| rowspan="3" | nn
|-
| ṭ + n
|-
| d + n
|-
|-
| t + s
| t + s
Line 318: Line 393:
|-
|-
| d + z
| d + z
|}
|}
|
|
{|class="wikitable article-table" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! style="width: 6.5em;" | Components
! style="width: 3.5em;" | Result
|-
|-
| t + ś
| t + ś
Line 346: Line 429:
! style="width: 6.5em;" | Components
! style="width: 6.5em;" | Components
! style="width: 3.5em;" | Result
! style="width: 3.5em;" | Result
|-
| k + n̮
| rowspan="3" | n̮n̮
|-
| ḳ + n̮
|-
| g + n̮
|-
|-
| k + ḫ
| k + ḫ
Line 444: Line 520:
| ''aḫḫ-āsa''
| ''aḫḫ-āsa''
|-
|-
! Ergative
! Genitive
| ''aḫḫ-un''
| ''aḫḫ-un''
| ''aḫḫ-ūna''
| ''aḫḫ-ūna''
Line 451: Line 527:
| ''aḫḫ-an''
| ''aḫḫ-an''
| ''aḫḫ-āna''
| ''aḫḫ-āna''
| ''aḫḫ-an''
| ''aḫḫ-āna''
|-
! Genitive
| ''aḫḫ-uḫ''
| ''aḫḫ-ūwa''
| ''aḫḫ-iḫ''
| ''aḫḫ-īya''
| ''aḫḫ-aḫ''
| ''aḫḫ-āya''
| ''aḫḫ-aḫ''
| ''aḫḫ-aḫ''
| ''aḫḫ-āya''
| ''aḫḫ-āya''
Line 502: Line 568:
| ''idd-āsa''
| ''idd-āsa''
|-
|-
! Ergative
! Genitive
| ''idd-un''
| ''idd-un''
| ''idd-ūna''
| ''idd-ūna''
Line 509: Line 575:
| ''idd-an''
| ''idd-an''
| ''idd-āna''
| ''idd-āna''
| ''idd-an''
| ''idd-āna''
|-
! Genitive
| ''idd-uḫ''
| ''idd-ūwa''
| ''idd-iḫ''
| ''idd-īya''
| ''idd-aḫ''
| ''idd-āya''
| ''idd-aḫ''
| ''idd-aḫ''
| ''idd-āya''
| ''idd-āya''
Line 529: Line 585:
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |  
! rowspan="3" |  
! colspan="8" | Independent
! colspan="6" | Independent
! colspan="2" | Bound
! colspan="6" | Bound
|-
|-
! colspan="4" | Nominative
! colspan="4" | Nominative
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Accusative
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Oblique
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Ergative
! colspan="4" | Subject
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Possessive
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Possessive
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Affirmative
! colspan="2" | Negative
! colspan="2" | Affirmative
! colspan="2" | Affirmative
! colspan="2" | Negative
! colspan="2" | Negative
|-
|-
! style="width: 4.2em;" | Person
! style="width: 4.2em;" | Person
! style="width: 4.2em;" | Singular
! style="width: 4.2em;" | Plural
! style="width: 4.2em;" | Singular
! style="width: 4.2em;" | Singular
! style="width: 4.2em;" | Plural
! style="width: 4.2em;" | Plural
Line 554: Line 614:
! 1st
! 1st
| ''āni''
| ''āni''
| ''āti''
| ''ānan''
| ''tunni''
| ''tunni''
| ''tutti''
| ''tunnan''
| ''nêsi''
| ''nīya''
| ''têsi''
| ''nāyan''
| ''nêni''
| ''-ni''
| ''têni''
| ''-nan''
| ''-nisi''
| ''-nasin''
| ''-ni''
| ''-ni''
| ''-ti''
| ''-nan''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| ''āma''
| ''āmi''
| ''āman''
| ''āman''
| ''tumma''
| ''tummi''
| ''tumman''
| ''tumman''
| ''mêsi''
| ''mīya''
| ''mināsi''
| ''māyan''
| ''mêni''
| ''mināni''
| ''-mi''
| ''-mi''
| ''-min''
| ''-man''
| ''-misi''
| ''-masin''
| ''-mi''
| ''-man''
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| ''āsa''
| ''āsi''
| ''āsan''
| ''āsan''
| ''tussa''
| ''tussi''
| ''tussan''
| ''tussan''
| ''kêsi''
| ''kīya''
| ''kināsi''
| ''kāyan''
| ''kêni''
| ''-ti''
| ''kināni''
| ''-tan''
| ''-tisi''
| ''-tasin''
| ''-ki''
| ''-ki''
| ''-kin''
| ''-kan''
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 633: Line 699:
| ''ḫamt-āsa''
| ''ḫamt-āsa''
|-
|-
! Ergative
! Genitive
| ''ḫamt-un''
| ''ḫamt-un''
| ''ḫamt-ūna''
| ''ḫamt-ūna''
Line 640: Line 706:
| ''ḫamt-an''
| ''ḫamt-an''
| ''ḫamt-āna''
| ''ḫamt-āna''
| ''ḫamt-an''
| ''ḫamt-āna''
|-
! Genitive
| ''ḫamt-uḫ''
| ''ḫamt-ūwa''
| ''ḫamt-iḫ''
| ''ḫamt-īya''
| ''ḫamt-aḫ''
| ''ḫamt-āya''
| ''ḫamt-aḫ''
| ''ḫamt-aḫ''
| ''ḫamt-āya''
| ''ḫamt-āya''
Line 667: Line 723:
|-
|-
! Accusative
! Accusative
| ''???''
| ''???''
| ''???''
| ''???''
| ''???''
| ''???''
| ''???''
| ''???''
|-
! Ergative
| ''???''
| ''???''
| ''???''
| ''???''
Line 720: Line 766:
!
!
! 2
! 2
| ''śiṭṭas''
| ''???''
| ''śaddaṭ-''
| ''???''
|-
|-
!  
!  
! 3
! 3
| ''miḫlas''
| ''???''
| ''maḫḫal-''
| ''???''
|-
|-
!  
!  
Line 755: Line 801:
!  
!  
! 9
! 9
| ''nuḫras''
| ''ḳutras''
| ''naḫḫar-''
| ''ḳattar-''
|-
|-
!  
!  
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Vrkhazhian"