Sintsiran: Difference between revisions

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The '''Sintsiran language''' (Sintsiran: ''dánnta sínsireka'') is a language spoken by the Sintsiran people, ~~a nationless people living on~~ the Baltics~~, Eastern and Central Scandinavia,~~ and parts of Central Europe. It is the sole surviving language of the Sintsiric branch of the Indo-European family. The language has a vocabulary that is inherited from Proto-Indo-European, along with words borrowed from Proto-Slavic, Proto-Germanic, Latin, and Koine Greek. This language can be written using the Sintsiran script or the Latin script.

The '''Sintsiran language''' (Sintsiran: ''dánnta sínsireka'') is a language spoken by the Sintsiran people, who live in the Baltics and parts of Central Europe. It is the sole surviving language of the Sintsiric branch of the Indo-European family. The language has a vocabulary that is inherited from Proto-Indo-European, along with words borrowed from Proto-Slavic, Proto-Germanic, Latin, and Koine Greek. This language can be written using the Sintsiran script or the Latin script.

Sintsiran retains many features of Proto-Indo-European, thus there are some similarities between this language and Latin, Ancient Greek, Lithuanian, and Sanskrit. ~~Many~~ have cited Sintsiran as one of, if not, the hardest Indo-European language to learn and be fluent in.

Sintsiran retains many features of Proto-Indo-European, thus there are some similarities between this language and Latin, Ancient Greek, Lithuanian, and Sanskrit. As such, many have cited Sintsiran as one of, if not, the hardest Indo-European language to learn and be fluent in.

Vocabulary linked '''[https://linguifex.com/wiki/Category:Sintsiran_lemmas here]'''

== Etymology ==

The word "Sintsiran" comes from the name of the lands of the Sintsiran people in Russian, Синцира (Sincira), which comes from the word in Sintsiran, ''~~Sínsirā~~'', which in turn is comprised of three words: ''se'' (self), ''ins-'' (people, tribe), and ''íra'' (land).

The word "Sintsiran" comes from the name of the lands of the Sintsiran people in Russian, Синцира (Sincira), which comes from the word in Sintsiran, ''Sínsirē'', which in turn is comprised of three words: ''se'' (self), ''ins-'' (people, tribe), and ''íra'' (land).

== History ==

The Sintsiran language evolved from Proto-Indo-European through the Sintsiric branch. Its sister language became extinct from the 16th to the 20th century, making Sintsiran the sole surviving language of this branch. It is a satem language, like the Slavic languages, but the resulting sibilants became palatalized and then approximated: (ǵ, ḱ > /ʒ/, /ʃ/ > /j/) and (ǵʰ > /ʒʰ/ > /hj/). For example, '''[[Contionary:hîdene|hîdat]]''' evolved from P.I.E ''ǵʰewdeti''.

Sintsiran is conservative compared to most other Indo-European languages, retaining more features and having a slower evolution.

Sintsiran is conservative compared to most other Indo-European languages, retaining more features and having a slower evolution. Sintsiran tended not to borrow words from foreign languages. However, it incorporated many foreign words into the language since the 15th-16th centuries.

==Phonology==

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==Orthography==

Long vowels are marked with a macron (ā). Stressed short vowels are marked with an acute accent (á). Stressed long vowels are marked with a circumflex (â).

Long vowels are marked with a macron (ā). Stressed short vowels are marked with an acute accent (á). Stressed long vowels are marked with a circumflex (â). The accents are usually not written in common usage, but are used for people learning the language, including children and foreigners.

The sounds /j/ and /w/ are represented by "i" and "u" respectfully, making both letters semivowels.

Because the sound /ʃ/ is not native to Sintsiran, loanwords originally containing this sound get borrowed as as "si" or "s". For example, German ''Schärpe'' became ''[[Contionary:siérpa|siérpa]]'', and French ''douche'' became ''[[Contionary:dúsia|dúsia]]''.

Because the sound /ʃ/ is not native to Sintsiran, loanwords originally containing this sound get borrowed as as "si" or "s". For example, German ''Schärpe'' became ''[[Contionary:siérpa|siérpa]]'', and French ''douche'' became ''[[Contionary:dúsia|dúsia]]''. This tactic is similarly used for other sounds.

~~Like Greek, any word with two or more syllable must indicate stress in the orthography~~.

==Grammar==

===Nominals===

Sintsiran nouns have four cases: nominative, accusative, genitive, and dative. It also retained all three genders from Proto-Indo-European: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Adjectives are declined by case and gender. There are six different declensions, or broad patterns to decline a noun or adjective.

Sintsiran nouns have four cases: nominative, accusative, genitive, and dative. It also retained all three genders from Proto-Indo-European: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Adjectives are declined by case, number, and gender. There are six different declensions, or broad patterns to decline a noun or adjective.

====First Declension====

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-The '''Sintsiran language''' (Sintsiran: ''dánnta sínsireka'') is a language spoken by the Sintsiran people, a nationless people living on the Baltics, Eastern and Central Scandinavia, and parts of Central Europe. It is the sole surviving language of the Sintsiric branch of the Indo-European family. The language has a vocabulary that is inherited from Proto-Indo-European, along with words borrowed from Proto-Slavic, Proto-Germanic, Latin, and Koine Greek. This language can be written using the Sintsiran script or the Latin script.
+The '''Sintsiran language''' (Sintsiran: ''dánnta sínsireka'') is a language spoken by the Sintsiran people, who live in the Baltics and parts of Central Europe. It is the sole surviving language of the Sintsiric branch of the Indo-European family. The language has a vocabulary that is inherited from Proto-Indo-European, along with words borrowed from Proto-Slavic, Proto-Germanic, Latin, and Koine Greek. This language can be written using the Sintsiran script or the Latin script.
-Sintsiran retains many features of Proto-Indo-European, thus there are some similarities between this language and Latin, Ancient Greek, Lithuanian, and Sanskrit. Many have cited Sintsiran as one of, if not, the hardest Indo-European language to learn and be fluent in.
+Sintsiran retains many features of Proto-Indo-European, thus there are some similarities between this language and Latin, Ancient Greek, Lithuanian, and Sanskrit. As such, many have cited Sintsiran as one of, if not, the hardest Indo-European language to learn and be fluent in.
 Vocabulary linked '''[https://linguifex.com/wiki/Category:Sintsiran_lemmas here]'''
 == Etymology ==
-The word "Sintsiran" comes from the name of the lands of the Sintsiran people in Russian, Синцира (Sincira), which comes from the word in Sintsiran, ''Sínsirā'', which in turn is comprised of three words: ''se'' (self), ''ins-'' (people, tribe), and ''íra'' (land).
+The word "Sintsiran" comes from the name of the lands of the Sintsiran people in Russian, Синцира (Sincira), which comes from the word in Sintsiran, ''Sínsirē'', which in turn is comprised of three words: ''se'' (self), ''ins-'' (people, tribe), and ''íra'' (land).
 == History ==
 The Sintsiran language evolved from Proto-Indo-European through the Sintsiric branch. Its sister language became extinct from the 16th to the 20th century, making Sintsiran the sole surviving language of this branch. It is a satem language, like the Slavic languages, but the resulting sibilants became palatalized and then approximated: (ǵ, ḱ > /ʒ/, /ʃ/ > /j/) and (ǵʰ > /ʒʰ/ > /hj/). For example, '''[[Contionary:hîdene|hîdat]]''' evolved from P.I.E ''ǵʰewdeti''.
-Sintsiran is conservative compared to most other Indo-European languages, retaining more features and having a slower evolution.
+Sintsiran is conservative compared to most other Indo-European languages, retaining more features and having a slower evolution. Sintsiran tended not to borrow words from foreign languages. However, it incorporated many foreign words into the language since the 15th-16th centuries.
 ==Phonology==
@@ Line 71: / Line 71: @@
 ==Orthography==
-Long vowels are marked with a macron (ā). Stressed short vowels are marked with an acute accent (á). Stressed long vowels are marked with a circumflex (â).
+Long vowels are marked with a macron (ā). Stressed short vowels are marked with an acute accent (á). Stressed long vowels are marked with a circumflex (â). The accents are usually not written in common usage, but are used for people learning the language, including children and foreigners.
 The sounds /j/ and /w/ are represented by "i" and "u" respectfully, making both letters semivowels.
-Because the sound /ʃ/ is not native to Sintsiran, loanwords originally containing this sound get borrowed as as "si" or "s". For example, German ''Schärpe'' became ''[[Contionary:siérpa|<u>si</u>érpa]]'', and French ''douche'' became ''[[Contionary:dúsia|dú<u>si</u>a]]''.
+Because the sound /ʃ/ is not native to Sintsiran, loanwords originally containing this sound get borrowed as as "si" or "s". For example, German ''Schärpe'' became ''[[Contionary:siérpa|<u>si</u>érpa]]'', and French ''douche'' became ''[[Contionary:dúsia|dú<u>si</u>a]]''. This tactic is similarly used for other sounds.
-Like Greek, any word with two or more syllable must indicate stress in the orthography.
 ==Grammar==
 ===Nominals===
-Sintsiran nouns have four cases: nominative, accusative, genitive, and dative. It also retained all three genders from Proto-Indo-European: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Adjectives are declined by case and gender. There are six different declensions, or broad patterns to decline a noun or adjective.
+Sintsiran nouns have four cases: nominative, accusative, genitive, and dative. It also retained all three genders from Proto-Indo-European: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Adjectives are declined by case, number, and gender. There are six different declensions, or broad patterns to decline a noun or adjective.
 ====First Declension====