Adamic Code: Difference between revisions

| 1A || {{Yes|Moderately small (15-18)}}<br>Average (19-25)

| 2A || {{Yes|Small vowel inventory (2-4)}} / Average vowel inventory (5-6)

| 33A || {{Yes|Plural suffix<br>Plural stem change}} <br>e.g. ''lût'' "whale", ''lúvācit'' "whales"

| 34A || {{Yes|Plural in all nouns, always obligatory}}<br>e.g. ''liviatan'' "whale", ''liviatanān'' "whales"

| 35A || {{Yes|Person stem with a nominal plural affix}}<br>e.g. ''anu'' "I", ''anunā'' "we"

| 36A || {{Yes|Associative plural marker also used for additive plurals}}<br>e.g. ''zaûlirau'' "the Sun and the Moon"

| 37A || {{Yes| Definite word distinct from demonstrative / Definite affix on noun}}<br>e.g. ''liviatan iruci'' the whale", ''liviatan ikuci'' "this whale"

| 38A || {{Yes|Indefinite word distinct from numeral for 'one'}}<br>e.g. ''liviatan aruci'' "a whale", ''liviatan ikisu'' "one whale"

| 42A || {{Yes|Different inflectional features}}<br>e.g. ''liviatan iku'' "this whale", ''aiku'' "this"

| 43A || {{No|Third person pronouns and demonstratives are unrelated to demonstratives}}<br>e.g. ''asu'' "he", ''aiku'' "this"

| 44A || {{Yes|Gender distinctions in 3rd person plus 1st and/or 2nd person}}<br>e.g. ''asu'' "he", ''asȳ'' "she"

| 45A || {{No|Second person pronouns encode no politeness distinction}}<br>e.g. ''atu'' "you"

| 46A || {{Yes|Special indefinites}}<br>e.g. ''auru'' "something/someone", ''suma'' ~ ''sam'' "who?"

| 47A || {{Yes|Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns are formally differentiated}}<br>e.g. ''sā āk’pá-sa'' "he killed himself", ''asura'' "he himself"

| 48A || {{No|Adpositions without person marking}}<br>e.g. ''ām'' "before"

| 49A || {{Yes|6-7 case categories}}<br>e.g. Nominative, Accusative, Dative, Copulative, Ergative, and Genitive

| 50A || {{Yes|Symmetrical case-marking}}<br>e.g. ''liviatan irici'' "to the whale", ''ani'' "to me"

| 51A || {{Yes|Mixed morphological case strategies with none primary}}<br>e.g. ''liviatan irici'' "to the whale", ''ālbak'' "to the people"

| 52A || {{Yes|Differentiation}}<br>e.g. ''liviatan iruki'' "with the whale" (comitative), ''liviatan irubi'' "with the whale" (instrumental)

| 53A || {{Yes|Variou-th: Other solutions}}<br>e.g. ''kahs'' "one", ''kis'' "first"

| 54A || {{Yes|Marked by mixed or other strategies}}<br>e.g. ''khi'' "one each"

| 55A || {{No|Numeral classifiers are absent}}<br>e.g. ...

| 57A || {{Yes|Both possessive prefixes and possessive suffixes, with neither primary<br>e.g. ...}}

| 58A || {{No|No obligatorily possessed nouns}}<br>e.g. ''kî’n'' "clock"

| 58B || {{No|None reported}}<br>e.g. ''kî’n'' "clock"

| 59A || {{No|No possessive classification}}<br>e.g. ''kî’in irici liviatan'' "the whale's clock"

| 60A || {{Yes|Highly differentiated}}<br>e.g. ''kî’in irici liviatan'' "the whale's clock", ''mur liviatan iruci'' "the dead whale", ...

| 61A || {{Yes|Adjective may occur without noun, obligatorily marked by suffix}}<br>e.g. ''mur liviatan'' "dead whale", ''mura'' "dead one"

| 62A || {{Yes|Possessive-Accusative: S/A treated as possessors, P retains sentential marking}}<br>e.g. ''bîbli nira aúdutas'' "my writing of the book"

| 82A || {{Yes|Both orders with neither order dominant<BR>e.g. ...}}

| 83A || {{Yes|Both orders with neither order dominant<BR>e.g. ...}}

| 85A || {{Yes|Postpositions<BR>e.g. ...}}

| 87A || {{Yes|Modifying adjective precedes noun (AdjN)<BR>e.g. ...}}

| 89A || {{Yes|Numeral follows noun (NNum)<BR>e.g. ...}}

| 90A || {{Yes|Mixed types of relative clause with none dominant<BR>e.g. ...}}

| 92A || {{No|No question particle<BR>e.g. ''iku 'āliútu?'' "are you here?"}}

| 93A || {{Yes|Mixed, some interrogative phrases obligatorily initial, some not<BR>e.g. ...}}

| 94A || {{Yes|Adverbial subordinators which are separate words and which appear at the end of the subordinate clause<BR>e.g. ...}}

| 95A || {{Yes|Languages not falling into one of the preceding four types<BR>e.g. ...}}

| 96A || {{Yes|Languages not falling into one of the preceding four types<BR>e.g. ...}}

| 97A || {{Yes|Languages not falling into one of the preceding four types<BR>e.g. ...}}

| 98A || {{Yes|Tripartite<BR>e.g. ...}}

| 99A || {{Yes|Tripartite<BR>e.g. ...}}

| 100A || {{Yes|Tripartite<BR>e.g. ...}}

| 101A || {{Yes|Pronominal subjects are expressed by clitics with variable host<BR>e.g. ...}}

| 102A || {{Yes|Person marking of both the A and P arguments<BR>e.g. ...}}

| 103A || {{Yes|No zero realization of third person S forms<BR>e.g. ...}}

| 105A || {{Yes|Indirect-object construction<BR>e.g. ...}}

| 107A || {{Yes|There is a passive construction<BR>e.g. ...}}

| 109A || {{Yes|No applicative construction<BR>e.g. ∅}}

| 110A || {{Yes|Both sequential type and purposive type<BR>e.g. ∅}}

| 111A || {{Yes|Morphological type but no compound type<BR>e.g. ∅}}

* The WALS metrics consider solely ejective, implosive, and glottalized sonorants as "glottalized consonants"; agreement to include number and person, and tense/aspect/mood (TAM) to be one category within a "category-per-word value" [...]

One of the most remarkable features of Adamic is its naming prowess by ackowledging a concept into triliteral form (e.g. the root ''-d-v-n-'' denoting "biology/evolution" via the similarity with [[w:Charles Darwin|''Darwin'']]). This is due the [[w:Triconsonantal root|Triconsonantal Root]], whose use may be summarized by including complex ideas within a sequence of consonants. In complement, the [[w:Semitic root|Patterns]] are responsible for specifying a subject within such broader meanings (e.g. the pattern ''(i)/aí/a/'' yielding ''daívan'' "biologist").

* '''Rule 0:''' Consonants are counted as first-class members, then vowels as second-class (except sounds akin to /a/), and finally semivowels as third-class members. All members being susceptible to be substituted by equivalent sounds.

The affix '''-(C)V(C)-''' marks the measurements of stems by extending the nearest consonantal onset/coda, with the vocalic unit between the root-pattern and the reduplicated consonant (or the sound ''-c-'' in case a vowel should be reduplicated) being variable. This type of reduplication is often used in comparisons (e.g. ''gugīgánuta'' "I am bigger than you") and evaluations (e.g. ''gīgūg kûnaru'' "a giant dog").

The so called construct state plays an important role in adamic syntax, being responsible for distinguishing compositions among themselves in order to make sense of a select class of grammatical cases in the articles (wherein the construct can always be identified as the [[w:Subject (grammar)|subject]]). For example, the nominative, oblique, accusative, ergative, dative, and genitive, for once, are known to trigger it when two inflections of the triptote formula conflate, as in:

The position of verbs is less strict than nouns. They are preferably right-bound, and often appear at the end of a sentence, except when participles, wherein they tend to be left-bound and close to the noun they modify (e.g. ''kûnira ka’áp'' "the dog is taken" (non-participle) and  ''ká’ap kûniru'' "the taken dog" (participle)). However, the syntax of verbs still possesses a great effect upon nouns, pronouns, and pseudo-nouns. Excluding the extensive and often specific circumstances of objects (e.g. the difference between accusative ''asak āqfúlun'' "I spoke with him" and nominative ''asuk āqfúlun'' "I spoke next to him"), when subjects are treated, there is a limited array of responses on how the relationship among case and verbal inflection behave. The medio-passive voice for instance triggers the subject as nominative; the experimental, as oblique; the active, as ergative; the passive, as accusative; the causative, as dative (causer) and caseless (causee); and the obligative, as genitive (causer) and caseless (causee).

: ''asa agulá-su'' "he eats it" [active]

: ''sā gafál-us'' "he is eaten" [passive]

: ''sia gualá-su asi'' "he makes him eat it" [causative]

: ''asi agáfl-us sia'' "he is made by him to eat it" [obligative]

In Adamic, [[w:Subordination (linguistics)|subordination]] is mostly marked by postpositions, clitic pronouns, or even the bare triptote formula. Also characteristic of this morphosyntactic level is the [[w:Ellipsis (linguistics)|elliptical]] construct, which manifests when a noun, pronoun, or pseudo-noun functions as subject/object more than once in the sentence:

 

: ''asa amālá-su'' "he loves him"

: ''sā'''s''' amālá'' "he loves himself"

: ''amālá masa amālá-su'''s''''' "he loves whom loves him"

|bool>inanimate>human {{gcl|NOMIC}}.{{gcl|MASC}}/{{gcl|NEUT}}.{{gcl|ACC}} can-book.{{gcl|ACT}}.{{gcl|IMPF}}.{{gcl|IND}}.{{gcl|SG}}-{{gcl|2}}.{{gcl|SG}}.{{gcl|CONS}} not.while {{gcl|3}}.{{gcl|MASC}}/{{gcl|NEUT}}.{{gcl|PLU}}.{{gcl|ACC}} fire.{{gcl|PART}}.{{gcl|ACT}}.{{gcl|IMPF}}.{{gcl|IND}}.{{gcl|2}}.{{gcl|SG}}

[[w:Relative clause#Restrictive and non-restrictive|Restrictive]] relations force left-bound order, where the verb precedes the object, and the (hetero)clitic pronoun is situated before the (pro)noun it relativizes (e.g. ''babál nā sa bîbliru'' "the book which is being read by me").