Verse:Mwail/Irenesian languages: Difference between revisions

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{{List subpages}}
{{List subpages}}
The '''Irenesian languages''' are a large language family mainly spoken in Angai Asia. It includes some of the largest languages, for example [[Verse:Angai/Quququqquq|Quququqquq]], [[Verse:Angai/Dhasrawita|Dhasrawita]], and [[Verse:Angai/Ernish|Ernish]].
The '''Irenesian languages''' are a large language family mainly spoken in Mwail Asia. It includes some of the largest languages,such as [[Verse:Mwail/Ernish|Ernish]].


The Irenesian urheimat is thought to have been Taiwan. The family is inspired by Austronesian and Semitic.
The Irenesian urheimat is thought to have been Taiwan. The family is inspired by Austronesian and Semitic.
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== Family tree ==
== Family tree ==
* Irenesian
* Irenesian
** [[Verse:Angai/Erno-Kawenic languages|Erno-Kawenic]]
** [[Verse:Mwail/Erno-Kawenic languages|Erno-Kawenic]]
** Dhasrawitic
** Dhasrawitic
*** Lhabhdweni
*** Lhabhdweni
*** [[Verse:Angai/Dhasrawita|Dhasrawita]]
*** [[Verse:Mwail/Dhasrawita|Dhasrawita]]
** Hirbic
** Hirbic
*** Len!ir
*** Len!ir
** Irenic
*** Dosubian
** West Sadhcevan
** East Sadhcevan
** Antipodean


== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
p p' b t t' d k k' g m n ŋ l r w y s
=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="2" |
! | Labial
! | Coronal
! | Palatal
! | Velar
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
| '''n''' /n/
|
| '''ŋ''' /ŋ/
|-
! rowspan="3" | Stop
! | plain
| '''p''' /p/
| '''t''' /t/
|
| '''k''' /k/
|-
! | voiced
| '''b''' /b/
| '''d''' /d/
|
| '''g''' /g/
|-
! | ejective
| '''pʼ''' /pʼ/
| '''tʼ''' /tʼ/
|
| '''kʼ''' /kʼ/
|-
! colspan="2" | Fricative
|
| '''s''' /s{{ret}}/
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | Resonant
|
| '''r''' /r/, '''l''' /l/
| '''y''' /j/
| '''w''' /w/
|}
 
=== Vowels ===
ă a e i o u
ă a e i o u
s is retracted


No diphthongs; hiatus is permitted
No diphthongs; hiatus is permitted
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Proto-Irenesian syntax is VSO and head-initial, but with some tendency to be topic-prominent (unlike Goidelic). Here S is the syntactic subject marked with the direct case.
Proto-Irenesian syntax is VSO and head-initial, but with some tendency to be topic-prominent (unlike Goidelic). Here S is the syntactic subject marked with the direct case.


(Many daughter languages are SVO and head-initial-ish. Kawenic which has an Estonian-like grammar is an exception.)
(Many daughter languages are SVO and head-initial-ish. Kawenic which has a Finnic-like grammar is an exception.)
 
=== Nouns and adjectives ===
=== Nouns and adjectives ===
Nouns inflect for case and number, and adjectives agree with nouns in case and number.
Nouns inflect for case and number, and adjectives agree with nouns in case and number.
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* direct: -0
* direct: -0
* indirect: -ăl
* indirect: -ăl
* genitive: ?
* genitive: -ăm


==== Possessive suffixes ====
==== Possessive suffixes ====
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=== Verbs ===
=== Verbs ===
==== Triggers ====
==== Triggers ====
=== Classifiers ===
Classifiers are morphologically nouns, but a few have suppletive plural forms.
There could be some dialectal variation in classifiers
* nawil, pl. ike: generic things
* soŋi, pl. oru: people
* p'asur: big animals
* wipi: small animals
* mosat: flat sheets
* keron: trees and bushes
* yuŋos: herbaceous plants
* bawăd: flowers, bunches of fruit
* tiŋa: long thin rigid objects, paths, ways things are done (e.g. languages)
* wasik: long thin flexible objects
* ut’uop: fruits, roughly spherical things
* tul: circles, rings
* ŋes: buildings
* p'odal: vehicles
* lăep: marks, like written characters, wounds, …
* rukir: places
* uta: events; verbal nouns tend to take this classifier
=== Ideophones ===
* ŋubeŋube ‘sluggish’
=== Derivation ===
=== Derivation ===