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| '''Rostherian''' /rɒʃˈtɛriən/ (''erhbaerostherim'' 'The Rostherian language') is a [[Talmic languages|Talmic language]] spoken in Northeastern Cuadhlabh, inspired partly by Welsh. It is head-initial and polysynthetic; verbs use bipersonal conjugation, applicative constructions and noun incorporation. | | '''Bjeheond''' comprises Australia and New Zealand. In 2025, Australia was occupied by an ecofascist state, the Bjeheondian Commons (Anbirese: ''Bjeheond Geozhalli''), and New Zealand was a liberal democratic country which we call Philopolis in English. |
| ==Todo==
| |
| *''cannu'' 'wife'
| |
| *''ôłus'' /oːˈɬus/ 'wave'
| |
| *''rondh'' /rɔɳɖ/ = man (male) ({{recon|''rondwom''}}?)
| |
| *''breit'' /brɛɪt/ (irregularly from ''bondi-'' + ''teit'' 'child') = woman
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| *''bo-'' = profession
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| **''bopenicili-, bopenicili'' /bopɛnikiˈli/ = ''penicillin'' player
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| **''bosypîł'' = ''spúith'' player
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| *''nysh-, henysh'' /hɛˈnəʂ/ = water, liquid
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| **''nysnhoq'' = sauce (''noqa-, noq'' = 'top')
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| **''nyshołhi'' = fruit juice
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| *''vîp'' = eye
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| **''nyshvîp'' = tears
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| *''qeqeqeqeqe...'' = (laughter or snickering)
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| *''hołhi, hôłhi'' = fruit
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| *''qârhan'' = laugh
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| | |
| ==Numbers==
| |
| TODO: Combining forms, ordinals, distributives
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| *1: ''pêm''
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| *2: ''tiłu''
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| *3: ''narhg''
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| *4: ''lôb''
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| *5: ''selił''
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| *6: ''thiam''
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| *7: ''ruad''
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| *8: ''lored''
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| *9: ''barh''
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| *10: ''ghîr''
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| *11: ''hunaes''
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| *12: ''naes''
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| | |
| ==Phonology==
| |
| Among Talmic languages, Rostherian is notable for having retroflex consonants, uvular consonants and multiple liquids.
| |
| ===Consonants===
| |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
| |
| ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |Labial
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| ! colspan="2" |Dental/Alveolar
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| ! colspan="2" |Retroflex
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| ! rowspan="2" |Velar
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| ! rowspan="2" |Uvular
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| ! rowspan="2" |Glottal
| |
| |-
| |
| !<small>central</small>
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| !<small>lateral</small>
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| !<small>central</small>
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| !<small>lateral</small>
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
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| | '''m''' /m/
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| | '''n''' /n̪/
| |
| |
| |
| | '''nh''' /ɳ/
| |
| |
| |
| | [ŋ]
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| | [ɴ]
| |
| |
| |
| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" |Stop
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| ! |<small>voiceless</small>
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| | '''p''' /p/
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| | '''t''' /t̪/
| |
| |
| |
| | '''th''' /ʈ/
| |
| |
| |
| | '''c''' /k/
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| | '''q''' /q/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! |<small>voiced</small>
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| | '''b''' /b/
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| | '''d''' /d̪/
| |
| |
| |
| | '''dh''' /ɖ/
| |
| |
| |
| | '''g''' /g/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="" |Continuant
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| ! |<small>voiceless</small>
| |
| |
| |
| | '''s''' /s/
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| | '''ł''' /ɬ/
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| | '''sh''' /ʂ/
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| | '''łh''' /ɬʵ/
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| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''h''' /h/
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| |-
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| ! |<small>voiced</small>
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| | '''v''' /v/
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| | '''r''' /r/
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| | '''l''' /l/
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| |colspan="2"| '''rh''' /ʐ~ɻ~ɭ/
| |
| |
| |
| | '''gh''' /ʁ/
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| Northeastern dialects also distinguish '''lh''' /ɭ/ from '''rh''' /ɻ/.
| |
| | |
| ===Vowels===
| |
| ɪ i: ʊ u:
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| ɛ e: ə ə: ɔ o:
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| a a:
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| aɪ ɛɪ iə ɛʊ uə ɔɪ ɪʊ
| |
| | |
| {{angbr|'''i î u û e ê y ŷ o ô a â ae ei ia eu ua oe iu'''}}
| |
| | |
| ===Stress===
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| There is no phonemic stress; however, all words are pronounced with weak word-final stress.
| |
| | |
| ===Phonotactics===
| |
| Rostherian allows relatively few clusters compared to e.g. [[Thensarian]], but more clusters than [[Nurian]].
| |
| | |
| Allowed clusters:
| |
| | |
| *Not allowed initially: ''mp, mb, nt, nd, nth, ndh, nc, ng, nq, ngh, lp, lt, lc, lq, lb, ld, lg, lgh, rp, rt, rhth, rc, rq, rb, rd, rg, rgh, st, sth, sv-, rhb, rhdh, rhg''?
| |
| *Allowed initially: ''pl, pr, bl, br, tr, thr, dr, ts, tł, tłh, cl, cr, gl, gr''
| |
| ====Sandhi====
| |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
| |
| ! rowspan=2 | Initial <br/>Consonant
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| ! colspan=18| Final Consonant
| |
| |-
| |
| ! f
| |
| ! p
| |
| ! b
| |
| ! k
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| ! x
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| ! g
| |
| ! t
| |
| ! d
| |
| ! s
| |
| ! š
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| ! z
| |
| ! l
| |
| ! r
| |
| ! m
| |
| ! n
| |
| ! h
| |
| ! w
| |
| ! y
| |
| |-
| |
| ! f
| |
| |ff
| |
| |pp
| |
| |pp
| |
| |fk
| |
| |fx
| |
| |fk
| |
| |ft
| |
| |ft
| |
| |fs
| |
| |ff
| |
| |fs
| |
| |fl
| |
| |fr
| |
| |fm
| |
| |fn
| |
| |ff
| |
| |fw
| |
| |fy
| |
| |-
| |
| ! p
| |
| |pp
| |
| |pp
| |
| |pp
| |
| |pk
| |
| |xp
| |
| |pk
| |
| |pt
| |
| |pt
| |
| |ps
| |
| |ħp
| |
| |ps
| |
| |pl
| |
| |pr
| |
| |pm
| |
| |pn
| |
| |ħp
| |
| |pw
| |
| |py
| |
| |-
| |
| ! b
| |
| |pp
| |
| |pp
| |
| |bb
| |
| |pk
| |
| |xp
| |
| |mg
| |
| |pt
| |
| |mb
| |
| |ps
| |
| |ħp
| |
| |ps
| |
| |bl
| |
| |br
| |
| |mb
| |
| |mb
| |
| |ħp
| |
| |bw
| |
| |by
| |
| |-
| |
| ! k
| |
| |kf
| |
| |kp
| |
| |kp
| |
| |kk
| |
| |kk
| |
| |kk
| |
| |kt
| |
| |kt
| |
| |ks
| |
| |ħk
| |
| |ks
| |
| |kl
| |
| |kr
| |
| |km
| |
| |kn
| |
| |ħk
| |
| |kw
| |
| |ky
| |
| |-
| |
| ! x
| |
| |xf
| |
| |xp
| |
| |xp
| |
| |kk
| |
| |xx
| |
| |gg
| |
| |xt
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| |xt
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| |ss
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| |šš
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| |ss
| |
| |xl
| |
| |xr
| |
| |xm
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| |xn
| |
| |xx
| |
| |xw
| |
| |xy
| |
| |-
| |
| ! g
| |
| |kf
| |
| |kp
| |
| |gb
| |
| |kk
| |
| |kk
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| |gg
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| |kt
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| |gd
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| |ks
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| |ħk
| |
| |zg
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| |lg
| |
| |gr
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| |gm
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| |gn
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| |ħk
| |
| |gw
| |
| |gy
| |
| |-
| |
| ! t
| |
| |ft
| |
| |pt
| |
| |pt
| |
| |kt
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| |xt
| |
| |kt
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| |tt
| |
| |tt
| |
| |st
| |
| |št
| |
| |st
| |
| |tt
| |
| |rt
| |
| |mt
| |
| |nt
| |
| |ħt
| |
| |wt
| |
| |šš
| |
| |-
| |
| ! d
| |
| |ft
| |
| |pt
| |
| |bb
| |
| |kt
| |
| |xt
| |
| |gd
| |
| |tt
| |
| |dd
| |
| |st
| |
| |ħt
| |
| |zd
| |
| |ld
| |
| |rd
| |
| |mb
| |
| |nd
| |
| |ħt
| |
| |dw
| |
| |dy
| |
| |-
| |
| ! s
| |
| |sp
| |
| |sp
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| |sp
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| |sk
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| |xs
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| |sk
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| |st
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| |st
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| |ss
| |
| |šš
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| |ss
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| |sl
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| |ss
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| |sm
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| |sn
| |
| |ħs
| |
| |sw
| |
| |šš
| |
| |-
| |
| ! š
| |
| |šf
| |
| |šp
| |
| |šp
| |
| |šk
| |
| |šš
| |
| |šk
| |
| |št
| |
| |št
| |
| |ss
| |
| |šš
| |
| |ss
| |
| |šl
| |
| |šš
| |
| |šm
| |
| |šn
| |
| |ħš
| |
| |šw
| |
| |šš
| |
| |-
| |
| ! z
| |
| |sp
| |
| |sp
| |
| |zb
| |
| |sk
| |
| |ss
| |
| |zg
| |
| |st
| |
| |zd
| |
| |ss
| |
| |šš
| |
| |zz
| |
| |zl
| |
| |zz
| |
| |zm
| |
| |zn
| |
| |ħs
| |
| |zw
| |
| |zy
| |
| |-
| |
| ! l
| |
| |lf
| |
| |pp
| |
| |lb
| |
| |kk
| |
| |xl
| |
| |lg
| |
| |tt
| |
| |ld
| |
| |sl
| |
| |šl
| |
| |zl
| |
| |ll
| |
| |rr
| |
| |lm<br/>mm
| |
| |nn
| |
| |ħl
| |
| |lw
| |
| |yy
| |
| |-
| |
| ! r
| |
| |rf
| |
| |rp
| |
| |rb
| |
| |rk
| |
| |rx
| |
| |rg
| |
| |rt
| |
| |rd<br/> dd
| |
| |rs<br/> ss
| |
| |rš<br/> šš
| |
| |zz
| |
| |ll
| |
| |rn<br/> nn
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| |rm<br/> mm
| |
| |nn
| |
| |rħ<br/> ħr
| |
| |rw
| |
| |ry
| |
| |-
| |
| ! m
| |
| |mf
| |
| |mp
| |
| |mb
| |
| |nk
| |
| |xn
| |
| |mg
| |
| |mt
| |
| |md
| |
| |ns
| |
| |šm
| |
| |nz
| |
| |lm<br/>ml
| |
| |mr
| |
| |mm
| |
| |nn
| |
| |mh
| |
| |ww
| |
| |my
| |
| |-
| |
| ! n
| |
| |mf
| |
| |mp
| |
| |mb
| |
| |nk
| |
| |xn
| |
| |mg<br/> ng
| |
| |nt
| |
| |nd
| |
| |sn<br/>[ns]<br/> ss
| |
| |šn<br/>[nš]<br/> šš
| |
| |nz
| |
| |ll
| |
| |rr
| |
| |mm
| |
| |nn
| |
| |nh
| |
| |nw
| |
| |ny<br/>yy
| |
| |-
| |
| ! h
| |
| |ff
| |
| |ħp
| |
| |ħp
| |
| |ħk
| |
| |xx
| |
| |ħk
| |
| |ħt
| |
| |ħt
| |
| |ħs
| |
| |ħš
| |
| |ħs
| |
| |ħl
| |
| |ħr
| |
| |ħm
| |
| |ħn
| |
| |ħħ
| |
| |ħw
| |
| |ħy
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ==Sound changes==
| |
| The most significant changes characterizing Rostherian are coalescing and altering of consonant clusters.
| |
| *{{recon|ā}} > ''ia'' ({{recon|nā}} > ''nia'' 'I'); {{recon|ō}} > ''ua''; {{recon|au}} > ô; {{recon|ou}} > ''û''; {{recon|ū}} > ''î''
| |
| *{{recon|qʷ}} > /χʷ/ > /ɧ/ > ''sh''; {{recon|ʁʷ}} > /ζ/ > ''rh''
| |
| **''ʁʷelinə'' ("6 parts [of 12]") > ''rhelin'' 'half'
| |
| *{{recon|nw, tw, dw, sw, łw, lw, rw}} > ''nh, th, dh, sh, łh, rh, rh'' /ɳ, ʈ, ɖ, ʂ, ɬ̠, ʐ~ɻ~ɭ, ʐ~ɻ~ɭ/
| |
| **''gʷałwā'' > ''bałhi'' 'neck, throat' ~ Thn. ''gaθuā'' 'throat (also language)'
| |
| *{{recon|sl-, sm-, sn-}} > ''rh-, m-, nh-''
| |
| *{{recon|sɸ-, sr-, sw-}} > ''sh-, rh-, sh-''
| |
| *{{recon|st, sk, skʷ}} > ''t-/st, th-/sth-, v-/sv-''
| |
| **''stas-'' > ''tetsil'' 'gathering' (~ Thn. ''Stasnyssōs'')
| |
| **''skəttā'' > ''thytti'' 'body' ~ Thn. ''scyttā''
| |
| **{{recon|bastom}} > ''bast'' 'king' ~ Thn. ''bastom'' 'head'
| |
| *{{recon|sb, sd, sg}} > ''rhb, rhdh, rhg''
| |
| **{{recon|nasg-}} > ''narhg'' '3'
| |
| *{{recon|φn, tn, φl, tl}} > /ːn, ts, ːɬ, tɬ/
| |
| **''łnāgin'' > ''tłiagin'' 'I believe' ~ Thn. ''θnāginis''
| |
| **''oφlutsus'' > ''ôłus'' 'wave'
| |
| *{{recon|kt, qt}} > /jt, :ʈ/
| |
| **{{recon|tektə}} > ''teit'' /teit/ 'child'
| |
| **{{recon|neqtə}} > ''nêth'' /neːʈ/ 'cloud'
| |
| *{{recon|kn, gn, qn, ql, qr}} > /jn, jn, :ɳ, :ɻ, :ɻ/ (with **/uj/ > /uː/ )
| |
| **''sφugnus'' > ''shûn'' 'root' ~ Thn. ''sφugnus''
| |
| **''leqnos'' > ''lênh'' 'river' ~ Thn. ''leānos''?
| |
| **''qrīdis'' > ''rhîd'' 'knife' ~ Thn. ''ȝrīdis'' 'edge'
| |
| *{{recon|φj, tj, kj, qj}} > ''pt ss ts gh''
| |
| *{{recon|φ-, j-, s-}} > ''h-''
| |
| *{{recon|skj, stj}} > ''th-/sth, s-/ss''
| |
| *final short vowels lost; final ''-m, -r, -s, -t'' lost; final long vowels shorten (''ia, ua'' > ''i, u'')
| |
| *''i''-affection: The following changes affect V1 in sequences of the form V1 + consonant cluster + (*i/*ī/*j) unless the consonant cluster after V1 contains a retroflex consonant.
| |
| **''a'' > ''e''
| |
| *Stress shifts to final
| |
| *Some combining forms and combined forms are altered due to the stress shift
| |
| | |
| ==Morphology==
| |
| ===Nouns===
| |
| Nouns are marked with a singular-plural distinction, and may also take possessive suffixes. However, the lemma form of a noun is typically its combining form, which is the incorporated form of a noun and is also used to form possessed forms and compounds. Unlike in [[Thensarian]] and its descendants, the [[Proto-Talmic]] grammatical gender was lost; pronouns and gender verb affixes no longer mark grammatical gender, but natural gender (as in [[Naquian]]).
| |
| | |
| Nouns may end in a consonant, ''i'', ''e'' or ''u''.
| |
| | |
| The plural form is inherited from the Proto-Talmic reduplicated collective; some irregularities may be present due to the retention of the original single consonant in the reduplicant, as opposed to the stem-initial cluster where the consonants interacted to produce new consonants and clusters.
| |
| | |
| {{col-begin}}
| |
| {{col-break}}
| |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
| |
| |+ ''veiny-'' 'brother'
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Combining
| |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
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| ! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''veiny-'' || ''vein'' || ''vevein''
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
| |
| |+Possessed forms
| |
| |-
| |
| !style="width: 100px;"|Number→<br/>Possessor↓
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| !style="width: 100px;"|Singular
| |
| !style="width: 100px;"|Plural
| |
| |-
| |
| !|my
| |
| |''veinyn''||''veveinyn''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|thy
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| |''veinys''||''veveinys''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|his/her
| |
| |''veinyti''||''veveinyti''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|its
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| |''veinyt''||''veveinyt''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|our (exc)
| |
| |''veinym''||''veveinym''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|our (inc)
| |
| |''veinysh''||''veveinysh''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|your (pl)
| |
| |''veinyc''||''veveinyc''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|their
| |
| |''veinytu''||''veveinytu''
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| {{col-break}}
| |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
| |
| |+ ''loero-'' 'bird'
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Combining
| |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
| |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''loero-'' || ''loer'' || ''leloer''
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
| |
| |+Possessed forms
| |
| |-
| |
| !style="width: 100px;"|Number→<br/>Possessor↓
| |
| !style="width: 100px;"|Singular
| |
| !style="width: 100px;"|Plural
| |
| |-
| |
| !|my
| |
| |''loeron''||''leloeron''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|thy
| |
| |''loeros''||''leloeros''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|his/her
| |
| |''loeroti''||''leloeroti''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|its
| |
| |''loerot''||''leloerot''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|our (exc)
| |
| |''loerom''||''leloerom''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|our (inc)
| |
| |''loerosh''||''leloerosh''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|your (pl)
| |
| |''loeroc''||''leloeroc''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|their
| |
| |''loerotu''||''leloerotu''
| |
| |}
| |
| {{col-break}}
| |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
| |
| |+ ''rhîdi-'' 'knife'
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Combining
| |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
| |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''rhîdi-'' || ''rhîd'' || '''''qe'''rhîd''
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
| |
| |+Possessed forms
| |
| |-
| |
| !style="width: 100px;"|Number→<br/>Possessor↓
| |
| !style="width: 100px;"|Singular
| |
| !style="width: 100px;"|Plural
| |
| |-
| |
| !|my
| |
| |''rhîdin''||''qerhîdin''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|thy
| |
| |''rhîdis''||''qerhîdis''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|his/her
| |
| |''rhîditi''||''qerhîditi''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|its
| |
| |''rhîdit''||''qerhîdit''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|our (exc)
| |
| |''rhîdim''||''qerhîdim''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|our (inc)
| |
| |''rhîdish''||''qerhîdish''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|your (pl)
| |
| |''rhîdic''||''qerhîdic''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|their
| |
| |''rhîditu''||''qerhîditu''
| |
| |}
| |
| {{col-break}}
| |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
| |
| |+ ''qutri-'' 'blood'
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Combining
| |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
| |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''qutri-'' || ''qutri'' || ''qequtri''
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| <center>''et sim.''</center>
| |
| {{col-break}}
| |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align: center;"
| |
| |+ ''bondi-'' 'person'
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Combining
| |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
| |
| ! style="width: 100px;" | Plural
| |
| |-
| |
| | ''bondi-'' || ''bondi'' || ''bebondi''
| |
| |}
| |
| {{col-end}}
| |
| | |
| ===Verbs===
| |
| ====Evidentiality/Discourse affixes====
| |
| ====Object incorporation====
| |
| ''hôłhâsyn'' 'eat fruit' < ''hôłhi'' 'fruit' + ''câsyn'' 'eat'
| |
| | |
| ====Object affixes====
| |
| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 350px; text-align: center;"
| |
| |+ Object affixes
| |
| |-
| |
| !style="width: 50px; "|
| |
| !style="width: 100px; "|Singular
| |
| !style="width: 100px; "|Plural
| |
| |-
| |
| !|1
| |
| |''ni-''
| |
| |''mi-''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|1 + 2
| |
| |''-''
| |
| |''łi-''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|2
| |
| |''ti-''
| |
| |''hi-''
| |
| |-
| |
| !|3
| |
| |''bi-''
| |
| |''ne-''
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ====Subject+TAM affixes====
| |
| {{col-begin}}
| |
| {{col-break}}
| |
| {| class="bluetable"
| |
| |+ Progressive tense
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Person !! Affix !! ''ghaeman'' 'I fly' !! ''tłiagin'' "I believe"
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1SG || ''-n'' || ''ghaeman'' || ''tłiagin''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 2SG || ''-r'' || ''ghaemar'' || ''tłiagir''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3SG.M || ''-m'' || ''ghaemam'' || ''tłiagim''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3SG.F || ''-s'' || ''ghaemas'' || ''tłiagis''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3SG.N || ''-0'' || ''ghaema'' || ''tłiagi''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1EX || ''-me'' || ''ghaemame'' || ''tłiagime''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1IN || ''-nt'' || ''ghaemant'' || ''tłiagint''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 2PL || ''-v'' || ''ghaemav'' || ''tłiagiv''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3PL || ''-t'' || ''ghaemat'' || ''tłiagit''
| |
| |}
| |
| {{col-break}}
| |
| {| class="bluetable"
| |
| |+ Habitual tense
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Person !! Affix !! ''ghaeman'' 'I fly' !! ''tłiagin'' "I believe"
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1SG || RDP-''-n'' || ''gheghaeman'' || ''tetłiagin''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 2SG || RDP-''-r'' || ''gheghaemar'' || ''tetłiagir''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3SG.M || RDP-''-m'' || ''gheghaemam'' || ''tetłiagim''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3SG.F || RDP-''-s'' || ''gheghaemas'' || ''tetłiagis''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3SG.N || RDP-''-0'' || ''gheghaema'' || ''tetłiagi''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1EX || RDP-''-me'' || ''gheghaemame'' || ''tetłiagime''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1IN || RDP-''-nt'' || ''gheghaemant'' || ''tetłiagint''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 2PL || RDP-''-v'' || ''gheghaemav'' || ''tetłiagiv''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3PL || RDP-''-t'' || ''gheghaemat'' || ''tetłiagit''
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| {{col-break}}
| |
| {| class="bluetable"
| |
| |+ Perfective tense
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Person !! ''ghaeman'' "I fly" || ''câsyn'' "I eat"
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1SG || ''ghaemân'' || ''cêsŷn''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 2SG || ''ghaemâr'' || ''cêsŷr''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3SG.M || ''ghaemâm'' || ''cêsŷm''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3SG.F || ''ghaemâs'' || ''cêsŷs''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3SG.N || ''ghaemâ'' || ''cêsŷ''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1EX || ''ghaemamer'' || ''cêsymer''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1IN || ''ghaemanter'' || ''cêsynter''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 2PL || ''ghaemaver'' || ''cêsyver''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3PL || ''ghaemater'' || ''cêsyter''
| |
| |}
| |
| {{col-end}}
| |
| | |
| ====Voice affixes====
| |
| *''-ron'' = passive suffix
| |
| *''-stan'' = causative suffix
| |
| | |
| ==Syntax==
| |
| | |
| ==Sample texts==
| |
| [[Category:Talmic languages]]
| |