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| '''Cuam''' (''CuamR'' /khuəm/ with rising tone) is an [[Verse:Irta|Irtan]] Southern Chinese/SEA language in the Cuamic family; it has influenced the Scandinavian-inspired Irtan Chinese lect. | | '''Bjeheond''' comprises Australia and New Zealand. In 2025, Australia was occupied by an ecofascist state, the Bjeheondian Commons (Anbirese: ''Bjeheond Geozhalli''), and New Zealand was a liberal democratic country which we call Philopolis in English. |
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| Cuam is inspired by Irish, Thai and Hmong.
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| Some linguists connect the name Cuam to the PIE root *ķoy-m- via an [[Azalic]] substrate, which would make it cognate with the word "home".
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| ==Phonology==
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| Initials: all Irish single consonants plus prenasalized stops and sh(n/l/r)-; allow br dr gr fr cr tr bl dl gl fl cl tl; p- only occurs in borrowings; stops are +asp/-asp like in Scottish Gaelic
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| shm- is only used in so-called ''shm''-reduplication
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| Séimhiú should have different outcomes from Irish
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| In unmutated words, all Irish unmutated initials + séimhiúed initials are permissible
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| séimhiúed words can't séimhiú again, but when they get urúed it manifests as prenasalization:
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| * ''**CV-(initial) > (lexically séimhiúed initial)''
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| * ''**-n CV-(initial) > n:(initial) > nC (prenasalized initial)''
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| Vowels: all combos of +-pal x vowel allowed in Irish (assuming broad final)
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| Allowed finals: -b -d -g -idh (-j) -imh (nasalization + -j) -bh (-w) -mh (nasalization + -w) -m -n -il -r
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| Tones are essentially the same as in Thai:
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| * "Dead syllables" (checked):
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| ** short vowel: a¹ a² (low high)
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| ** long vowel; á¹ á² (low falling)
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| * "Live syllables" (non-checked): long: áM áL áF áH áR (mid low falling high rising, as in Thai)
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| entering tone syllables (open short vowel, or d/g final) can only take a and à tones
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| forbids shm- like Irish but unlike Tigolic
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| == Grammar ==
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| absolute state is sometimes a floating mutating morpheme that marks gender (marks absolute state, construct state doesn't mutate). Sometimes absolute state manifests as a separate preposed word or syllable which may or may not mutate the word itself. (absolute state comes from a preceding classifier)
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| 1-10: leidh¹, nán², feó¹, tlud¹, daimh⁵, án², ciúr³, shnán², shleidh¹, faoil²
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| ==Diachronics ==
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| Some "possible" syllables should be disallowed bc of historical sound change, like unasp stop initial + nasal coda + 2nd tone syllables in Mandarin
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| Before having mutations, Cuam had long, short and ultrashort vowels. Mutations come from preceding ultrashort syllables that are lost.
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| After Cuam gained mutations, it underwent the medieval Sinosphere register/tone split like most other languages in the Sinosphere, resulting in mutation depending on tone. Early Modern Cuam had a very complex system of mutations and tonal ablaut, which Modern Cuam simplified to a finite set of noun genders by analogy.
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| ==== Orthography ====
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| A Far East Semitic based abugida
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| ==== Tone diachronics ====
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| Middle Cuam (before the tone split) had 3 tones, like Middle Chinese, marked in the native script as unmarked, tone 1 and tone 2.
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| Consonant classes (séimhiú didn't change the consonant class while urú did)
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| * Mid: *k- series, glottal stop
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| * High: *kh- series, voiceless fricatives, shR-
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| * Low: *g series, voiced fricatives, resonants
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+Tone chart
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| !class
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| !ending
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| !unmarked (tone A)
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| !"mai ek" (tone B)
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| !"mai tho" (tone C)
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| |-
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| |mid
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| |dead
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| | style="background: #fa4" |low
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| | -
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| | style="background: #ff3" |fall
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| |-
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| |mid
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| |alive
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| | style="background: #f66" |mid
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| | style="background: #fa4" |low
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| | style="background: #ff3" |fall
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| |-
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| |high
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| |dead
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| | style="background: #fa4" |low
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| | -
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| | style="background: #ff3" |fall
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| |-
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| |high
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| |alive
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| | style="background: #6fc" |rise
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| | style="background: #fa4" |low
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| | style="background: #ff3" |fall
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| |-
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| |low
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| |dead (short vowel)
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| | style="background: #cfa" |high
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| | style="background: #ff3" |fall
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| | -
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| |-
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| |low
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| |dead (long vowel)
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| | style="background: #ff3" |fall
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| | -
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| | style="background: #cfa" |high
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| |-
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| |low
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| |alive
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| | style="background: #f66" |mid
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| | style="background: #ff3" |fall
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| | style="background: #cfa" |high
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| |-
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| |}
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