Péla: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
| name = Péla | | name = Péla | ||
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| familycolor = Mixed | | familycolor = Mixed | ||
| pronunciation = pela | | pronunciation = pela | ||
| speakers = 20,000 | |||
| date = 2025 | |||
| speakers2 = (Including [[Lankou]] speakers): 25,000 | |||
| fam1 = [[w:Creole language|Creole]] | | fam1 = [[w:Creole language|Creole]] | ||
| fam2 = [[w:French-based creole language|French Creole]] | | fam2 = [[w:French-based creole language|French Creole]] | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Plosive | ! Plosive | ||
| p b || t d || k g || | | p b || t d || || k g || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nasal | ! Nasal | ||
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| w || l || || || j | | w || l || || || j | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Open-mid | ! Open-mid | ||
| ɛ || (ɔ) | | ɛ || (ɔ) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Close-mid | ! Close-mid | ||
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| colspan=2 | a ã | | colspan=2 | a ã | ||
|} | |} | ||
Though /ɔ/ is technically a phoneme, it is rare, and even in the few cases it appears it is often in free variation with /o/ for most speakers. | |||
/ɛ/ and /e/ are separate phonemes, and are often the only differentiation between words that in French would be homophones, such as ''peche'' "to fish" and ''pèche'' "to sin". However, in Lankou(sometimes considered a dialect of Péla) /ɛ/ and /e/ have merged(and so has /ɔ/ and /o/, though in this case this phenomenon appears in standard Péla as well), meaning words like ''peche'' and ''pèche'' are homophones, as in its lexifier of French. This feature has, in recent years, seemed to have seeped back into standard Péla, particularly among young speakers. | /ɛ/ and /e/ are separate phonemes, and are often the only differentiation between words that in French would be homophones, such as ''peche'' "to fish" and ''pèche'' "to sin". However, in Lankou(sometimes considered a dialect of Péla) /ɛ/ and /e/ have merged(and so has /ɔ/ and /o/, though in this case this phenomenon appears in standard Péla as well), meaning words like ''peche'' and ''pèche'' are homophones, as in its lexifier of French. This feature has, in recent years, seemed to have seeped back into standard Péla, particularly among young speakers. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! First person | ! First person | ||
| ''man'' || ''yon'' | | ''man'' || ''yon'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Second person | ! Second person | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Third person | ! Third person | ||
| ''li'' || ''lis'' | | ''li'' || ''lis''<br>''lich'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
''Yon'' is from French ''on'', which though formally is the equivalent of the pronoun "one", commonly acts as the first-person plural pronoun(in place of ''nous'') in colloquial French. | |||
''Lis''/''lich'' are interchangeable and are derived from [[w:Portuguese language|Portuguese]] ''eles'' "they (m)". ''Lich'' is an uncommon variation more closely based on the European Portuguese pronunciation of ''eles'': [[w:Help:IPA/Portuguese|[ˈe.lɨʃ]]]. | |||
===Possession=== | ===Possession=== | ||
Possession is usually indicated by placing the possessor after the head as in [[w:Haitian Creole|Haitian Creole]], e.g. | Possession is usually indicated by placing the possessor after the head as in [[w:Haitian Creole|Haitian Creole]], e.g. | ||
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: "The man's potato" | : "The man's potato" | ||
This also applies to personal pronouns, and these are generally uninflected, e.g.: | This also applies to personal pronouns, and these are generally uninflected, e.g.: | ||
: ''Patat ti ye patat man'' | : ''Patat ti ye patat man.'' | ||
: "Your potato and my potato." | : "Your potato and my potato." | ||
If the possessor can be inferred from context(usually if a specific personal pronoun was previously used), then ''son'' is used(from French ''son'', the third-person genitive personal pronoun): | |||
: ''Yè grène li grèn patat. Man se reman sitè, ka patat '''son''' se bon.'' | |||
: "He was sowing potato seeds yesterday. I am very excited, as '''his''' potatoes are good." | |||
However, unlike in French, ''son'' can also be used as a dummy genitive for first and second person: | |||
: ''Man re keyone, lo keyon '''son''' se reman che.'' | |||
: "I like to draw, so '''my''' pencils are really expensive." | |||
: ''Ti ya bon, me rezoman '''son''' se biza.'' | |||
: "You're right, but '''your''' reasoning is weird." | |||
===Word order & tense=== | ===Word order & tense=== | ||
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<references group="lower-alpha"/> | <references group="lower-alpha"/> | ||
[[Category:Péla]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:A posteriori]] | [[Category:Péla]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Creole languages]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:A posteriori]] | ||