Common Elvish: Difference between revisions
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===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
In CE words are either DARK or BRIGHT: | In CE words are either DARK or BRIGHT: | ||
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: ''qaúl'' "speech" > ''QUË'' "speech" | : ''qaúl'' "speech" > ''QUË'' "speech" | ||
: ''maúr'' > NÚR "death" | : ''maúr'' > ''NÚR'' "death" | ||
With the article open syllables are long and closed syllables short: | With the article open syllables are long and closed syllables short: | ||
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: ''i elbi '' "the person" > ''u orgu'' "the persons" | : ''i elbi '' "the person" > ''u orgu'' "the persons" | ||
Third-person agreement does not trigger euphony: | |||
: ''u quënda'' "he is the language" / ''quënda u'' "he, the language" | |||
: ''ou quëndaë'' "he [X]-s the language", ''quëndaë ou'' "he is [X]-ed by the language" | |||
: '' | : ''óua quëndáëa'' "the language of his", ''quëndáëa óua'' "the language to him" | ||
: | Masculine agreement in first-person triggers: | ||
: '' | : ''nu belen'' "I am a speaker" / ''belen nu'' "I, the speaker" | ||
: ''angu belein'' "I speak" / ''belein angu'' "I am spoken" | |||
: ''arcnu beléian'' "a speaker of mine" / ''beléian arcnu'' "a speaker to me" | |||
Feminine agreement in first-person triggers: | |||
: ''mi golon'' "I am a speaker" / ''golon mi'' "I, the speaker" | |||
: ''ambi goloun'' "I speak" / ''goloun ambi'' "I am spoken" | |||
: ''dalpmi golóuan'' "a speaker of mine" / ''golóuan dalpmi'' "a speaker to me" | |||
the first position is the subject followed by a copula; sentences are SOV (the object is always NEUTER); and the possessor is always the second element: | |||
: ''u húo ëa quënda'' " | |||
: ''ou hóua quëndaë bel'' "the dog speaks the language" | |||
: ''quëndáëa óua hóuada'' "the dog's language" | |||
Compare | |||
: ''óua quëndáëa'' "the language of his" | |||
: ''óua gondáëa'' "the languages" | |||
Masculine roots: | |||
: hú, u húo, i níe, | |||
: hóua, ou hóua, ei néia, | |||
: hóuada, óua hóuada, éia néiada | |||
Neuter roots | |||
quënda, i benda, u gonda | |||
quëndaë, ei bendaë, ou gondaë | |||
quëndáëa, éia bendáëa, óua gondáëa | |||
quënda (when non-subject of non-pronouns) | |||
benda (when subject of non-pronouns or connected to masculine pronouns) | |||
gonda (when subject of non-pronouns or connected to pronouns) | |||
quëndáëa /kʷɨndaːɨ̯a/ | |||
a/ë > aë > áëa | |||
m > mb > lpm | |||
n > nd > ∅ | |||
n > ng > rkn | |||
l > lb > mbl | |||
r > rd > ndr | |||
dalpmi / darcnu | |||
i (n) > e-i (#) > a-e-i (#) | |||
i > | i (v) > i-e > i-e-a | ||
e (v) > | |||
P > P-L > P-L-T > P-L-T-N | |||
N N-R-M (I) | |||
N N-R-H (U) | |||
M > M-L-N > M-L-N-D | |||
D-R-P- | |||
u><i, e><o, a><y | |||
u>o, i>e, a>y | |||
ai ē | |||
i > ei > eia | |||
If a pure root ends in a vowel, the singular is formed by adding ''-RV'' (canonic ''-l''). If the last vowel is ''i'' or ''u'', however, one adds ''-e'' or ''-o'' instead. | If a pure root ends in a vowel, the singular is formed by adding ''-RV'' (canonic ''-l''). If the last vowel is ''i'' or ''u'', however, one adds ''-e'' or ''-o'' instead. | ||
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If a suffix is added to the root, there may be two singulars; one passive ending in ''-a'' (Adamic ''-a''') and one active in ''-ë''. | If a suffix is added to the root, there may be two singulars; one passive ending in ''-a'' (Adamic ''-a''') and one active in ''-ë''. | ||
:'' | :''QUË-'' + ''-n-'' [passive nominal affix] > ''quënda'' "speech" / ''quendë'' "speaker" | ||
" | |||
The personal pronouns: | The personal pronouns: | ||
: '' | : ''nu'' "I (masc.)", ''mi'' "I (fem.)" | ||
: '' | : ''luo, rie'' "you (sin.)" | ||
: ''ou, ei'' "he, she" | |||
' | |||
lunda "flood", lundë "rain" | lunda "flood", lundë "rain" | ||
==Sound Laws== | ==Sound Laws== | ||