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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name    = Alarine
|name    = Alarian
|creator  = Ronnie Lovell
|creator  = Ronnie Lovell
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|nativename = Démfa Alaríne
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|pronunciation = ˈde̞ɱfä äläˈɾine̞
|setting  = Alaria
|setting  = Alaria
|fam1     = [[Constructed language]]s
|fam1             = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|fam2    = [[Artistic language]]s
|familycolor      = Indo-European
|fam3    = [[Fictional language]]s
|ancestor          = [[Classical Alarian|Classical Alarian]]
}}
}}
==Introduction==


Alarine is a constructed language spoken in the fictional Kingdom of Alari, the central setting in an unnamed book series.<br>
'''Alarian''' (''dégua alaríne'', <small>Alarian:</small> [[Help:IPA|[ˈde̞ɣʷä äläˈɾine̞]]]) is a constructed language used in the fictional kingdom of Alaria, the setting of an ongoing book series.<br>
It was developed as a means of enhancing realism within the series, and as a form of artistic expression in the real world.
It was developed as a semi-serious endeavor to create an Indo-European constructed language, and was retroactively placed in the fictional series as the primary language spoken in Alaria.


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
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===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Consonants of Alarine
|+ Consonants of Alarian
!
!
! Bilabial
! Bilabial
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| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|s}} {{IPA|z}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ʃ}} {{IPA|ʒ}}
|
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ç}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|x}}
|-
|-
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{{anchor|Lenition}}
{{anchor|Lenition}}
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], <br>
The phonemes /d/ and /ɡ/ are pronounced as voiced [[stop consonant|stops]] only after a pause, or after a [[nasal consonant]], <br>
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[approximant consonant|approximants]] /ð̞/, /ɣ/
in all other contexts, they are realized as [[fricative consonant|voiced fricatives]] /ð/, /ɣ/
===Vowels===
===Vowels===
The Alarine phonemic inventory consists of five vowel phonemes (/ä/, /e̞/, /i/, /o̞/, /u/)
The Alarian phonemic inventory consists of the standard five vowel system, and their long counterparts.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Vowels of Alarine
|+ Vowels of Alarian
|
|
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! [[front vowel|Front]]
! [[center vowel|Center]]
! Center
! [[back vowel|Back]]
! [[back vowel|Back]]
|-
|-
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
! [[Close vowel|Close]]
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|i}} {{IPA|iː}}
|  
|  
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|u}} {{IPA|uː}}
|-
|-
! [[Mid vowel|Mid]]
! Mid
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|e̞}} {{IPA|e̞ː}}
|  
|  
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|o̞}} {{IPA|o̞ː}}
|-
|-
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
! [[Open vowel|Open]]
|  
|  
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}}
| style="text-align: center;" | {{IPA|ä}} {{IPA|äː}}
|
|
|-
|-
|}
|}
===Stress===
===Stress===
Alarine features variable stress, marked with an acute accent on the vowel (á/é/í/ó/ú)
Alarian features variable stress, marked with an acute or grave accent on the vowel (á/à/é/è/í/ì/ó/ò/ú/ù)


===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
Alarine features a (C)V(C)(C) syllable structure
Alarian features a (C)V(N)(C)(C) syllable structure


==Orthography==
==Orthography==
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=34|Alarine Orthography
!colspan=34|Alarian Orthography
|-
|-
|align="center"|Alarine: ||a||b||c||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|align="center"|Alarian: ||a||b||c||ç||d||dj||e||f||g||h||i||j||l||lj||m||n||ñ||o||p||q||r||s||sj||t||tj||þ||u||v||w||z||zj
|-
|-
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|align="center"|IPA: ||ä||b||k||ç||d||d͡ʒ||e̞||f||ɡ||x||i||j||l||ʎ||m||n||ɲ||o̞||p||kʷ||r||s||ʃ||t||t͡ʃ||θ||u||v||w||z||ʒ
|-
|-
|}
|}


==Morphology==
==Nouns==
 
===Nouns===
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural)<br>
Nouns are declined for 3 genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and 2 numbers (singular, plural)<br>




Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -i
Masculine nouns are marked by the singular ending -o and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!rowspan="2" |
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!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
|-
| '''Base''' || présto || présti
| '''Base''' || présto || préstī
|-
|-
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstis
| '''Genitive''' || préstos || préstīs
|-
|-
|}
|}
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -a and the plural -e
Feminine nouns are marked by the singular ending -a and the plural -ē
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!rowspan="2" |
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!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
|-
| '''Base''' || éza || éze
| '''Base''' || éza || ézē
|-
|-
| '''Genitive''' || ézas || ézes
| '''Genitive''' || ézas || ézēs
|-
|-
|}
|}
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -i, resembling the masculine plural and feminine plural respectively.
Neuter nouns are marked by the singular ending -e and the plural -ī
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!rowspan="2" |
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!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
!width="80px" | '''Plural'''
|-
|-
| '''Base''' || énde || éndi
| '''Base''' || énde || éndī
|-
|-
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndis
| '''Genitive''' || éndes || éndīs
|-
|-
|}
|}
===Adjectives===
Humans and animals are declined for their respective gender, and inflecting them for neuter creates a "default" or "non-conforming" state for the noun:<br>
Adjectives decline identically to nouns
===Human===
==Clitic==
* anéro - man/male
Alarine features an optionally enclitic copula to mark the subject of an adjective or interrogative:<br>
* anéra - woman/female
* anére - person(in general)/non-gender-conforming individual
===Animal===
* múto - male cat
* múta - female cat
* múte - cat(in general)/feline
 
==Adjectives==
Adjectives decline identically to nouns, and precede them.<br>
Adjectives also feature a clitic derived from the copula (to be) to mark the subject of an adjective or interrogative:
===Copula (to be)===
===Copula (to be)===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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!width="100px" | '''Future'''
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
|-
|-
| '''1S''' || éru, 'ru || óram, 'ram || fuáo, 'fu
| '''1S''' || éru, ''''ru''' || óram, ''''ram''' || fuáo, ''''fu'''
|-
|-
| '''2S''' || éres, 'res || óras, 'ras || fués, 'fes
| '''2S''' || éres, ''''res''' || óras, ''''ras''' || fués, ''''fes'''
|-
|-
| '''3S''' || ére, 're || óra, 'ra || fué, 'fe
| '''3S''' || ére, ''''re''' || óra, ''''ra''' || fué, ''''fe'''
|-
|-
| '''1P''' || erémo, 'rmo || eráma, 'rma || fuámo, 'fmo
| '''1P''' || erémo, ''''rmo''' || eráma, ''''rma''' || fuámo, ''''fmo'''
|-
|-
| '''2P''' || eréto, 'rto || eráta, 'rta || fuáto, 'fto
| '''2P''' || eréto, ''''rto''' || eráta, ''''rta''' || fuáto, ''''fto'''
|-
|-
| '''3P''' || éren, 'ren || óran, 'ran || fuén, 'fen
| '''3P''' || éren, ''''ren''' || óran, ''''ran''' || fuén, ''''fen'''
|}
|}


===Examples===
===Examples===
* tóþi'ru - I am there
* tóþi''''ru''' - '''I am''' there
* tjúto'res - You are loud
* tjúto''''res''' - '''You are''' loud
* niódo're - he/she/it is stupid
* niódo''''re''' - '''he/she/it is''' stupid
* séti'rmo - we are quiet
* séti''''rmo''' - '''we are''' quiet
* máto'rto - y'all are together
* máto''''rto''' - '''y'all are''' together
* sácro'ren - they are sacred
* sácro''''ren''' - '''they are''' sacred


Adjectives possess a comparative and superlative form, attached to the end of the adjective stem.<br>
*-iér- ('''more''' X)
*-ìst- ('''most''' X)
==Adverbs==
Adverbs are formed by the neuter ending -e on adjectives, and are placed after the verb.
* créto
==Verbs==
==Verbs==
Verbs inflect for three persons (First, Second, Third) and three tenses (Present, Past, Future)<br>
Verbs inflect for three persons (First, Second, Third) and three tenses (Present, Past, Future)<br>
Currently there are three classes of verbs:
Currently there are two classes of verbs:
===Class 1===
===Class 1===
The first class features regular verbs, and take the vowel /e/ as their stem and thematic vowel, with past having /o/ as the stem vowel and /a/ as the thematic vowel.
The first class takes the pattern CéCe - CóCa<br>
 
'''sérpe''' (present stem serp-, perfect stem sérft-, participle stem serpúd-); first class
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!rowspan="2" |
!rowspan="2" |
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| '''3P''' || sérpen || sórpan || serpéren
| '''3P''' || sérpen || sórpan || serpéren
|}
|}
 
===Class 2===
-->
The second class takes the pattern CáCe - CúCa
 
{| class="wikitable"
==Syntax==
!rowspan="2" |
 
|-
<!-- etc. etc. -->
!width="100px" | '''Present'''
 
!width="100px" | '''Past'''
 
!width="100px" | '''Future'''
 
|-
==Other resources==
| '''1S''' || evánu|| evúnam || evanéru
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
|-
 
| '''2S''' || evánes || evúnas || evanéres
|-
| '''3S''' || eváne || evúna || evanére
|-
| '''1P''' || evanémo|| evunáma || evadrémo
|-
| '''2P''' || evanéto|| evunáta || evadréto
|-
| '''3P''' || evánen || evúnan || evanéren
|}
<!-- Template area -->
<!-- Template area -->




[[Category:Alarine]]
[[Category:Alarian]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Alarian"