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Colonial Izhkut: Difference between revisions

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| altname = Colonial Ishcot, Colonial dialects
| altname = Colonial Ishcot, Colonial dialects
| nativename = jënn Uesi, yojjun Uesi, yojjun misogra
| nativename = jënn Uesi, yojjun Uesi, yojjun misogra
| pronunciation = ˈd͡ʒeːn ʊ̯esi]<br>[ˈjɔːd͡ʒun ʊ̯esi
| pronunciation = ˈd͡ʒeːn wesi]<br>[ˈjɔːd͡ʒun wesi
| pronunciation_key = IPA for Izhkut
| pronunciation_key = IPA for Izhkut
| creator = User:Jukethatbox
| creator = User:Jukethatbox
| created = 2025
| created = 2025
| setting=Radael
| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan
| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan
| fam1 = [[Taskaric languages|Taskaric]]
| fam1 = [[Taskaric languages|Taskaric]]
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| notice = ipa
| notice = ipa
}}
}}
'''Colonial Izhkut''',{{efn|General Colonial: ''jënn Uesi'', ''yojjun Uesi'' [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈd͡ʒeːn ʊ̯esi]]] [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈjɔːd͡ʒun ʊ̯esi]]]}} also known as '''Colonial Ishcot''' or simply the '''Colonial dialects'''{{efn|[[Izhkut|Standard Izhkut]]: ''yojjun misogra''}}, is a [[w:Dialect continuum|dialect continuum]] of the [[Izhkut]] language native to and primarily spoken in the Izhkut Colonies{{efn|name=Colonies|}} by around 50,400,000 Colonials. Thus, around 40% of Izhkut speakers speak some Colonial variety; although this makes Colonials a minority in the Ishcophone community(albeit a large one), this percentage is projected to increase to 75% by 500 BH, which would make Colonial Izhkut by far the most spoken variety of the Izhkut language.
'''Colonial Izhkut''',{{efn|General Colonial: ''jënn Uesi'', ''yojjun Uesi'' [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈd͡ʒeːn wesi]]] [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈjɔːd͡ʒun wesi]]]}} also known as '''Colonial Ishcot''' or simply the '''Colonial dialects'''{{efn|[[Izhkut|Standard Izhkut]]: ''yojjun misogra''}}, is a [[w:Dialect continuum|dialect continuum]] of the [[Izhkut]] language native to and primarily spoken in the Izhkut Colonies{{efn|name=Colonies|}} by around 50,400,000 Colonials. Around 40% of Izhkut speakers are of some Colonial variety; although this makes Colonials a minority in the Ishcophone community(albeit a large one), this percentage is projected to increase to 75% by 500 BH, which would make Colonial Izhkut by far the most spoken variety of the Izhkut language.


Despite being a dialect of Izhkut, Colonial Izhkut has a distinct phonology and to an extent its own distinct vocabulary and grammar which can make it difficult to understand for Standard or Mainland Izhkut speakers. However, written Colonial Izhkut is more or less understandable by Standard Izhkut speakers due to largely similar orthography. Any Colonial accent perceived as lacking noticeably local, ethnic, or cultural markers is known in linguistics as '''General Colonial'''.
Despite being a dialect of Izhkut, Colonial Izhkut has a distinct phonology and to an extent its own distinct vocabulary and grammar which makes it difficult to understand for Standard or Mainland Izhkut speakers. However, written Colonial Izhkut is more or less understandable by Standard Izhkut speakers due to largely similar orthography. Any Colonial accent perceived as lacking noticeably local, ethnic, or cultural markers is known in linguistics as '''General Colonial'''.
==Dialect groups==
==Dialect groups==
===Bay Area===
===Bay Area===
The '''Bay Area dialects'''(General Colonial: ''yojjun Enud Gibios'') refer to the Colonial dialect groups spoken in the Gibios Bay Area, which encompasses the bay itself and the islands in it, as well as the city of Usergonefa. Developing primarily in what was initially a trading outpost which eventually grew into Usergonefa, the Bay Area dialects were later exported across the Bay Islands via marine trade, and today are the most spoken varieties of the Colonial dialects, encompassing around 60% of Colonial Izhkut speakers at ~30,240,000 speakers. The Bay Area dialects are also the main lexifier of [[Bay Islands Creole]], a pidgin-turned-creole language spoken primarily on the Gibios Bay Islands by the Bay Island Creoles, descendants of poor farmers, settlers, slaves and traders who arrived in the Bay Islands around 250 BH.
The '''Bay Area dialects'''(General Colonial: ''yojjun Enud Gibios'') refer to the Colonial dialect groups spoken in the Gibios Bay Area, which encompasses the bay itself and the islands in it, as well as the city of Usergonefa. Developing primarily in what was initially a trading outpost which eventually grew into Usergonefa, the Bay Area dialects were later exported across the Bay Islands via marine trade, and today are the most spoken varieties of the Colonial dialects, encompassing around 60% of Colonial Izhkut speakers at ~30,240,000 speakers. The Bay Area dialects are also the main lexifier of [[Bay Islands Creole]], a pidgin-turned-creole language spoken primarily on the Gibios Bay Islands by the Bay Island Creoles, descendants of poor farmers, settlers, slaves and traders who arrived in the Bay Islands around 250 BH.
These dialects are most typically recognised by the use of ''mera'' or eye dialect ''m'ra'' for the [[#Negative imperative|negative imperative]], using the singular third-person pronoun ''sa'' for the [[#T-V distinction|informal singular second-person pronoun]] and a generally more central realisation of /u/, closer to /ʉ/.
====Usergonefa dialect====
====Usergonefa dialect====
The '''Usergonefa dialect'''(''yojjun Usergonefa'') is the dialect of Colonial Izhkut spoken in the city of Usergonefa, the largest city in the Gibios Bay Area.
The '''Usergonefa dialect'''(''yojjun Usergonefa'') is the dialect of Colonial Izhkut spoken in the city of Usergonefa, the largest city in the Gibios Bay Area. It is generally consistent with broader Bay Area dialects, though they also use the vaguely pejorative ''muos''(pronounced variably as [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈmɔws~ˈmɔs]]]) as an alternative to the informal second-person pronoun, which would usually be the singular third-person pronoun ''sa'' in Bay Area dialects.
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
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|-
|-
! colspan=2 | Plosive
! colspan=2 | Plosive
| p b || || t d || || (ɟ) || k g || (ʔ)
| p b || || t d || || (ɟ) || k g ||
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | Nasal
! colspan=2 | Nasal
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|-
|-
! other
! other
| w || || l || || || ɫ ||
| w || || l || || j || ɫ ||
|}
|}
Most allophones shown here are so-called "L-precedent" allophones, appearing only before /l/ or /ɫ/, i.e. ''o'''ff'''lu'' "rate" [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈɔːɸɫu]]](<small>Standard Izhkut:</small> [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈôflu]]]). These allophones are /ɸ/, /β/ and /ç/, allophones for /f/, /v/ and /h/ respectively.
Most allophones shown here are so-called "L-precedent" allophones, appearing only before /l/ or /ɫ/, i.e. ''o'''ff'''lu'' "rate" [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈɔːɸɫu]]](<small>Standard Izhkut:</small> [[IPA for Izhkut|[ˈôflu]]]). These allophones are /ɸ/, /β/ and /ç/, allophones for /f/, /v/ and /h/ respectively.
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! rowspan=6 | Start<br>point
! rowspan=6 | Start<br>point
! ''a''
! ''a''
| - || colspan=3 | aɪ̯ || colspan=2 | ɔʊ̯
| - || colspan=3 | aj || colspan=2 | ɔw
|-
|-
! ''i''
! ''i''
| rowspan=2 | ia̯ || - || colspan=2 | ie̯ || colspan=2 rowspan=2 | iʊ̯
| rowspan=2 | ja || - || colspan=2 | je || colspan=2 rowspan=2 | iw
|-
|-
! ''e''
! ''e''
| rowspan=2 | eɪ̯ || colspan=2 rowspan=2 | -
| rowspan=2 | ej || colspan=2 rowspan=2 | -
|-
|-
! ''ë''
! ''ë''
| ɛa̯ || colspan=2 | ɛʊ̯
| ea̯ || colspan=2 | ew
|-
|-
! ''u''
! ''u''
| ʊ̯a || colspan=2 | ʊ̯e || rowspan=2 | ʊ̯ɛ || - || oʊ̯
| wa || colspan=2 | we || rowspan=2 | wɛ || - || ɔw
|-
|-
! ''o''
! ''o''
| ɔʊ̯ || colspan=2 | ɔɪ̯ || ɔʊ̯ || -
| ɔw || colspan=2 | ɔj || ɔw || -
|}
|}


====Vowel length====
====Vowel length====
Standard Izhkut pitch accent was replaced in Colonial Izhkut with a vowel length system; contour I replaced by a long vowel, contour II remaining unchanged. In the case of a diphthong, the second, unstressed vowel is unpronounced and only the initial vowel is lengthened, such as with ''ouggu'' "wail (n.)", pronounced [[IPA for Izhkut|[ôʊ̯gu]]] in Standard Izhkut but [[IPA for Izhkut|[ɔːgu]]] in General Colonial; however both pronunciations remain heterophonic with ''ougu'' "wheat"(<small>Standard Izhkut:</small> [[IPA for Izhkut|[oʊ̯ˈgu]]]; <small>Colonial:</small> [[IPA for Izhkut|[ɔʊ̯ˈgu]]]).
[[Izhkut#Pitch-accent|Standard Izhkut pitch accent]] was replaced in Colonial Izhkut with a vowel length system; contour I replaced by a long vowel, contour II remaining unchanged. In the case of a diphthong, the second, unstressed vowel is unpronounced and only the initial vowel is lengthened, such as with ''ouggu'' "wail (n.)", pronounced [[IPA for Izhkut|[ôʊ̯gu]]] in Standard Izhkut but [[IPA for Izhkut|[ɔːgu]]] in General Colonial; however both pronunciations remain heterophonic with ''ougu'' "wheat"(<small>Standard Izhkut:</small> [[IPA for Izhkut|[oʊ̯ˈgu]]]; <small>Colonial:</small> [[IPA for Izhkut|[ɔwˈgu]]]).


Additionally, vowel lengthened /ɛ/ merges with /eː/.
Additionally, vowel lengthened /ɛ/ merges with /eː/.
==Grammar==
===Negative imperative===
In Bay Area dialects, ''mera'' or ''m'ra''(derived from the same [[Izhkut#Mainland dialects|Mainland]] negative interjection) is placed after the verb to express the negative imperative. For example, the phrase "Don't eat pork" would become:
: ''Drapuk '''mera''' yosh'' / ''Drapuk '''m'ra''' yosh''
In Strait dialects, the particle ''hea''(a conjunction of ''hem'' + ''ma'') is used in the same way as [[Standard Izhkut]] ''h'ma''; placed  before the verb. Thus, the same sentence would be:
: '''''Hea''' drapuk yosh.''
==References==
==References==
<references group="lower-alpha"/>
<references group="lower-alpha"/>
[[Category:Izhkut]]
[[Category:Izhkut]]
[[Category:Radael]]
[[Category:Dialects]]
[[Category:Dialects]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
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