Babamwek: Difference between revisions
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! rowspan=2 | Plosive | ! rowspan=2 | Plosive | ||
! voiceless | ! voiceless | ||
| p pʲ || t || c || k | | | p pʲ || t || c || k || ʔ (ʔʲ) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! voiced | ! voiced | ||
| || d || ɟ || g | | || d || ɟ || g || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 | Nasal | ! colspan=2 | Nasal | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! voiced | ! voiced | ||
| || || | | || z || ʑ || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 | Approximant | ! colspan=2 | Approximant | ||
| w || l || j || || | | w || l || j || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
/ŋ/ is phonemically /ʔn/ and is written as such in Babamwikũ(⟨°○⟩) but is romanised as ''‘ng'' supposedly to fit the phonetic pronunciation, even if the glottal stop is not pronounced phonetically either. | |||
/ʔʲ/ is a phoneme of /j/ pronounced only in "absolute" initial positions, meaning it can revert to /j/ through [[w:Sandhi|liaison]], as in the word ''yagmũn''(°°∆Ż□7ʼ○) "board game" would be pronounced [ʔʲɐɡmũn], but if liaisoned with particles or other vowel-coda words before, a native speaker would typically pronounce the /ʔʲ/ as /j/, as in ''ti yagmũn''(ǀX °°∆Ż□7ʼ○) would be pronounced [ti͜ jɐɡmũn]. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; | ||
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====Personal==== | ====Personal==== | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center; | ||
! colspan= | ! colspan=3 | !! Nominative !! Accusative !! Vocative¹ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=3 | Singular | ! rowspan=3 | Singular | ||
! First | ! colspan=2 | First | ||
| '' | | ''ĩṃa''(Xʼ■∆) || ''ĩṃin''(Xʼ■X○) || - | ||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | Second | |||
| ''moa''(□⛥∆) || ''mõṃa''(□⛥ʼ■∆) || ''mõṃigi''(□⛥ʼ■XŻX) | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | Third | |||
| ''pãwi''(⁼∆ʼVX) || ''padãi''(⁼∆ǁ∆ʼX) || ''padãgi''(⁼∆ǁ∆ʼŻX) | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=4 | Plural | |||
! rowspan=2 | First | |||
! Inclusive | |||
| ''kãtũ'' (Z∆ʼǀ7ʼ)|| ''gwãyik''(ŻV∆ʼ°°XZ) || rowspan=2 | - | |||
|- | |||
! Exclusive | |||
| ''kõpi''(Z⛥ʼ⁼X) || ''awiõu''(∆VX⛥ʼ7) | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | Second | |||
| ''pwiun''(⁼VX7○) || ''ṇaya''(⬤∆°°∆) || ''ṇaigim''(⬤∆XŻX□) | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | Third | |||
| ''‘ãwa''(°∆ʼV∆) || ''‘uṇũ‘ng''(°7⬤7ʼ°○) || - | |||
|} | |||
¹ The "vocative case" is not an actual vocative case, and is only called so out of convention. It is instead an extension of the accusative case and is more of an "honorific case", used to politely address(if speaking to the object in question) or politely refer to(if not) the object. | |||
====Demonstrative==== | |||
Demonstrative pronouns are placed before the word, as in ''ti sagãppi''(ǀX ▷∆Ż∆ʼ⁼⁼X) "this star". However, the plural forms have to be placed before a plurality marker(either ''gũ''(Ż7ʼ) or ''ṇĩ''(⬤Xʼ) based on animacy), as in ''tĩ gũ sagãppi''(ǀXʼ Ż7ʼ ▷∆Ż∆ʼ⁼⁼X) "these stars". | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
! !! Singular !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
! Proximal | |||
| ''ti''(ǀX) || ''tĩ''(ǀXʼ) | |||
|- | |||
! Medial | |||
| ''di''(ǀǀX) || ''dĩ''(ǀǀXʼ) | |||
|- | |||
! Distal | |||
| ''du''(ǀǀ7) || ''dũ''(ǀǀ7ʼ) | |||
|} | |} | ||
[[Category:Babamwek]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:A priori]] | |||