User:Aquatiki/Indo-Malaysian: Difference between revisions
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== Phonology == | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! Manner ↓ / Place → || Labial || Alveolar || Velar || Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! Voiceless Stops | |||
| '''p''' (ᨄ) || '''t''' (ᨈ) || '''k''' (ᨀ) || '''ʔ''' (ᨕ) | |||
|- | |||
! Voiced Stops | |||
| '''b''' (ᨅ) || '''d''' (ᨉ) || '''g''' (ᨁ) || — | |||
|- | |||
! Nasals | |||
| '''m''' (ᨆ) || '''n''' (ᨊ) || '''ŋ''' (ᨍ) || — | |||
|- | |||
! Liquids | |||
| '''l''' (ᨒ) || '''r''' (ᨑ) || — || — | |||
|- | |||
! Glides | |||
| '''w''' (ᨓ) || '''j''' (ᨍ) || — || — | |||
|- | |||
! Fricatives | |||
| '''s''' (ᨔ) || — || '''h''' (ᨖ) || — | |||
|} | |||
Syllables are V, CV, or CVN. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! Vowel !! Lontara !! Example (with na) | |||
|- | |||
| '''i''' || ᨗ || ᨊᨗ (ni) | |||
|- | |||
| '''e''' || ᨙ || ᨊᨙ (né) | |||
|- | |||
| '''a''' (inherent) || — || ᨊ (na) | |||
|- | |||
| '''o''' || ᨚ || ᨊᨚ (no) | |||
|- | |||
| '''u''' || ᨘ || ᨊᨘ (nu) | |||
|- | |||
| '''ǝ/ø''' * || ᨛ || ᨊᨛ - Used as a virama, glottal marker, and cluster indicator | |||
|} | |||
=== Pronouns === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
! 1st person exclusive (informal) | |||
| '''ikia''' (I) || '''ikińa''' (we: I + them) || '''nimi''' (we, excl.) | |||
|- | |||
! 1st person exclusive (formal) | |||
| '''ikilun''' (I, formal) || '''ikilu''' (we: I + important them) || '''nipiénimi''' (we, excl. formal) | |||
|- | |||
! 1st person inclusive (informal) | |||
| — || '''ikiśu''' (we: I + you) || '''tiéta''' (we, incl.) | |||
|- | |||
! 1st person inclusive (formal) | |||
| — || '''ikipién''' (we: I + you, formal) || '''nipiéniéta''' (we, incl. formal) | |||
|- | |||
! 2nd person (informal) | |||
| '''niśu''' (you) || '''nírua''' (you two) || '''nalian''' (you all) | |||
|- | |||
! 2nd person (formal) | |||
| '''nipién''' (you, formal) || '''nipiénrua''' (you two, formal) || '''nipiénlian''' (you all, formal) | |||
|- | |||
! 3rd person (informal) | |||
| '''nińa''' (he/she) || '''ráua''' (they: two) || '''sida''' (they) | |||
|- | |||
! 3rd person (formal) | |||
| '''liu''' (he/she, polite) || '''liliu''' (they: two, polite) || '''liliu''' (they, polite) | |||
|- | |||
! 3rd person (non-human) | |||
| '''niya''' (it) || '''niéya''' (they: two, non-human) || '''niéya''' (they, non-human) | |||
|} | |||
=== Wh === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! Indo-Malay !! English Meaning !! Malay/Indonesian Equivalent | |||
|- | |||
| '''apa''' || what || apa | |||
|- | |||
| '''ngukiniu''' || why (reason) || mengapa | |||
|- | |||
| '''tukkiniu''' || why (purpose/for what) || untuk apa | |||
|- | |||
| '''siniu''' || who || siapa | |||
|- | |||
| '''niesin''' || which (choice) || yang mana | |||
|- | |||
| '''dia mina''' || where (location) || di mana | |||
|- | |||
| '''kie mina''' || where to (direction) || ke mana | |||
|- | |||
| '''nure mina''' || where from (origin) || dari mana | |||
|- | |||
| '''nianu''' || when || kapan | |||
|- | |||
| '''kuja''' || how || bagaimana | |||
|- | |||
| '''nirniu''' || how much/many || berapa | |||
|} | |||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
kata ganti: | kata ganti: | ||
ikia = aku, ikilun: saya | ikia = aku, ikilun: saya | ||
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Tahûaî si tuîha îani. Orang ini sudah tua. | Tahûaî si tuîha îani. Orang ini sudah tua. | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
{{Aquatiki}} | |||
[[Category:Universal Languages]] | |||