Tefrian: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
mNo edit summary |
||
| (10 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 28: | Line 28: | ||
|ancestor3 = Old Tefrian | |ancestor3 = Old Tefrian | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Tefrian''' ([[w:Help:IPA/English|/təˈfɹiːən/]] ''[[w:Help:Pronunciation respelling key|tə-ꜰʀᴇᴇ-ən]]''), natively called '''{{lang|ar|sc=Arab|دلسان پریشحشر}}''' (di'lisān Prayešeḥšur [dəlɪˈsaːn ˈpʰɾäɪ̯(ə)ʃəħˌʃʉɾ]), is a | '''Tefrian''' ([[w:Help:IPA/English|/təˈfɹiːən/]] ''[[w:Help:Pronunciation respelling key|tə-ꜰʀᴇᴇ-ən]]''), natively called '''{{lang|ar|sc=Arab|دلسان پریشحشر}}''' (di'lisān Prayešeḥšur [dəlɪˈsaːn ˈpʰɾäɪ̯(ə)ʃəħˌʃʉɾ]), is a Tephricheic language belonging to the [[Asisic languages|Asisic language family]]. It is, excluding diaspora, spoken entirely within Shardarate of Tefria, wherein it is recognized as the sole official language. It is the most spoken and most influential West-Asisic language, with about 3 million native speakers. | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Tefrian is a member of the | Tefrian is a member of the Tephricheic branch of the [[Asisic languages]]. <sup>[TODO]</sup> | ||
==Name== | ==Name== | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
| Line 37: | Line 37: | ||
===Old Tefrian=== | ===Old Tefrian=== | ||
Old Tefrian is thought to have began diverging from Proto-West Asisic during the 10th century BC, vaguely corresponding with the migration of Iranic groups into Modern-Day Persia. The oldest attestations of Tefrian are sparce inscriptions in [[w:Ancient South Arabian script|Old South Arabian]] and [[w:Old Persian cuneiform|Persian Cuneiform]] dated to the 8th century BC. Most of these inscriptions are of names or short prayers. | Old Tefrian is thought to have began diverging from Proto-West Asisic during the 10th century BC, vaguely corresponding with the migration of Iranic groups into Modern-Day Persia. The oldest attestations of Tefrian are sparce inscriptions in [[w:Ancient South Arabian script|Old South Arabian]] and [[w:Old Persian cuneiform|Persian Cuneiform]] dated to the 8th century BC. Most of these inscriptions are of names or short prayers. | ||
* ˀmbˤl | * ˀmbˤl ḥfdn /ʔampaʕl ħafatan/ — "may Ambaal elevate us" | ||
Due to its location, situated in the southeastern portion of the Arabian Peninsula along the gulf coast, Old Tefrian would come into direct contact with Persians, South Semites, and Eastern Arab tribes, evident by the many loanwords entering the language during the Old Tefrian period. | Due to its location, situated in the southeastern portion of the Arabian Peninsula along the gulf coast, Old Tefrian would come into direct contact with Persians, South Semites, and Eastern Arab tribes, evident by the many loanwords entering the language during the Old Tefrian period. | ||
| Line 47: | Line 47: | ||
! English translation | ! English translation | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|شردار}} ''šerdār'' | | {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|{{c|شردار}}}} ''šerdār'' | ||
| ''šartār'' | | ''šartār'' | ||
| Old Persian ''*xšaθradārah'' | | Old Persian ''*xšaθradārah'' | ||
| shardar | | shardar | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|کلیڤ}} ''klayev'' | | {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|{{c|کلیڤ}}}} ''klayev'' | ||
| ''kʰ(u)lāf'' | | ''kʰ(u)lāf'' | ||
| Middle Persian ''kulāf'' | | Middle Persian ''kulāf'' | ||
| hat | | hat | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|چر}} ''cur'' | | {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|{{c|چر}}}} ''cur'' | ||
| ''c(a)tūr'' | | ''c(a)tūr'' | ||
| Middle Persian ''čādur'' | | Middle Persian ''čādur'' | ||
| clothing | | clothing | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|امفعل}} ''emfeˤel'' | | {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|{{c|امفعل}}}} ''emfeˤel'' | ||
| ''ampaˤl'' | | ''ampaˤl'' | ||
| Yemenite Arabic ''am-baˤl'' | | Yemenite Arabic ''am-baˤl'' | ||
| Ambaal; master | | Ambaal; master | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|شۆل}} ''šöwel'' | | {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|{{c|شۆل}}}} ''šöwel'' | ||
| ''šuyl'' | | ''šuyl'' | ||
| Yemenite Arabic ''šuÿl'' | | Yemenite Arabic ''šuÿl'' | ||
| affliction | | affliction | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab| | | {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|{{c|اۆدت}}}} ''ȳdut'' | ||
| ''yūtūtatʰ'' | | ''yūtūtatʰ'' | ||
| Eastern Arabic ''judūdat'' | | Eastern Arabic ''judūdat'' | ||
| country | | country | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|حینت}} ''ḥeyent'' | | {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|{{c|حینت}}}} ''ḥeyent'' | ||
| ''ḫatʰan'' | | ''ḫatʰan'' | ||
| Old South Arabian ''ḫtn'' | | Old South Arabian ''ḫtn'' | ||
| son-in-law | | son-in-law | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|طاڤ}} ''ṭãv'' | | {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|{{c|طاڤ}}}} ''ṭãv'' | ||
| ''ṭanf'' | | ''ṭanf'' | ||
| Old South Arabian ''ṭnf'' | | Old South Arabian ''ṭnf'' | ||
| cliff | | cliff | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|مطر}} ''maṭṭar'' | | {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|{{c|مطر}}}} ''maṭṭar'' | ||
| ''maṭṭar'' | | ''maṭṭar'' | ||
| Old South Arabian ''mqṭr'' | | Old South Arabian ''mqṭr'' | ||
| Line 480: | Line 480: | ||
The aforementioned negation prefix also combines with the tensal prefixes. | The aforementioned negation prefix also combines with the tensal prefixes. | ||
* {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|ناعفم}} ''nãˤfem'' → {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|زاعفم}} ''zãˤfem, "I did not | * {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|ناعفم}} ''nãˤfem'' → {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|زاعفم}} ''zãˤfem, "I did not make"'' | ||
* {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|ناعفم}} ''nãˤfem'' → {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|ایعفم}} ''ẽˤfem, "I will not make"'' | * {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|ناعفم}} ''nãˤfem'' → {{lang|ar|sc=Arab|ایعفم}} ''ẽˤfem, "I will not make"'' | ||
=====Preverbs===== | =====Preverbs===== | ||
Preverbs express adverbial senses such as location, direction, time, and relation. Preverbs go after negation/tense prefixes. Below are some common preverbs: | Preverbs express adverbial senses such as location, direction, time, and relation. Preverbs go after negation/tense prefixes. Below are some common preverbs: | ||
| Line 494: | Line 495: | ||
==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||
<sup>[TODO]</sup> | |||
==Example text== | ==Example text== | ||
<sup>[TODO]</sup> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
<sup>[TODO]</sup> | |||