Makari: Difference between revisions
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*/ə/ can be lengthened if it is the first component of a diphthong | */ə/ can be lengthened if it is the first component of a diphthong | ||
*/ɒ/ is raised to /ɔ/ by some speakers | */ɒ/ is raised to /ɔ/ by some speakers | ||
===Morphophonology=== | |||
====Apophony==== | |||
As we will talk about later, verbs in Makari have 2 stems, the "normal" stem and the "apophonic" stem. The apophonic stem, as its name implies, is a verbal stem where apophony occured on the two last syllables (apophony is stopped by stress). To know how to deduce that stem, here is a table of vowel alternation : | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Vowel alternation | |||
|- | |||
! Initial !! After apophony | |||
|- | |||
| a || áu | |||
|- | |||
| e || i | |||
|- | |||
| i || ío | |||
|- | |||
| o || ú | |||
|- | |||
| u || o | |||
|- | |||
| á, í, ú || a, i, u | |||
|} | |||
===Phonotactics and Stress=== | ===Phonotactics and Stress=== | ||
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====Stress==== | ====Stress==== | ||
Stress falls on the third-to-last syllable (or first syllable is the word has less than three syllables). For | Stress falls on the third-to-last syllable (or first syllable is the word has less than three syllables). For example, "tocája" is pronounced /ˈtɒcçɐjä/ | ||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
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| {{template:Makari noun declension|class=M|red1=to|red2=cá|V1=o|1=toká|2=toka|3=tocá}} | | {{template:Makari noun declension|class=M|red1=to|red2=cá|V1=o|1=toká|2=toka|3=tocá}} | ||
| {{template:Makari noun declension|class=C|red1=ak|red2=an|V1=a|1=akan|2=akán|3=akat|4=aka}} | | {{template:Makari noun declension|class=C|red1=ak|red2=an|V1=a|1=akan|2=akán|3=akat|4=aka}} | ||
|} | |||
===Verbs=== | |||
Verbs in Makari have 2 different stems : the "normal" stem and the "apophonic" stem (see [[Makari#Apophony]] for the stem rules). The apophonic stem is used for the perfect tense, and for the conditional. There are 13 main tenses and 4 compound tenses, 4 moods and 3 numbers. | |||
Certain verb forms use an augment, represented as «e» or «et» depending on the word | |||
Verbs are highly regular, expect for 4 verbs : the copula «ne», the locative copula «ita» , the possessive auxiliary «ru» and the negative auxiliary «á» | |||
{| class="multicol" | |||
|- | |||
| {{template:Makari verb conjugation|class=V|fs=C|1=kira|2=kíoráu}} | |||
| {{template:Makari verb conjugation|class=M|fs=V|1=ánicaúraí|2=ánicáuráu}} | |||
| {{template:Makari verb conjugation|class=C|fs=V|1=eteran|2=etiráun}} | |||
|} | |} | ||