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Makari: Difference between revisions

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*/ə/ can be lengthened if it is the first component of a diphthong
*/ə/ can be lengthened if it is the first component of a diphthong
*/ɒ/ is raised to /ɔ/ by some speakers
*/ɒ/ is raised to /ɔ/ by some speakers
===Morphophonology===
====Apophony====
As we will talk about later, verbs in Makari have 2 stems, the "normal" stem and the "apophonic" stem. The apophonic stem, as its name implies, is a verbal stem where apophony occured on the two last syllables (apophony is stopped by stress). To know how to deduce that stem, here is a table of vowel alternation :
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ Vowel alternation
|-
! Initial !! After apophony
|-
| a || áu
|-
| e || i
|-
| i || ío
|-
| o || ú
|-
| u || o
|-
| á, í, ú || a, i, u
|}


===Phonotactics and Stress===
===Phonotactics and Stress===
====Syllable Shape====
====Syllable Shape====
The maximum syllable shape of Makari is pretty strict, and the language prioritises open syllables : CV(C) word-finally and CV/VC anywhere else
The maximum syllable shape of Makari is pretty strict, as it is (C)V(C)


====Stress====
====Stress====
Stress falls on the third-to-last syllable (or first syllable is the word has less than three syllables). For exemple, "tocája" is pronounced /ˈtɒcçɐjä/
Stress falls on the third-to-last syllable (or first syllable is the word has less than three syllables). For example, "tocája" is pronounced /ˈtɒcçɐjä/
 


==Grammar==
==Grammar==
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====Cases====
====Cases====
Nouns in Makari are inflected using 7 cases :
Nouns in Makari are inflected using 7 cases :
=====Nominative=====
The nominative case in Makari is used to mark the subject of a sentence, or to mark both the subject and the predicate in copular sentences.
=====Genitive=====
The genitive case is used for alienable possession, and is used as the agent of verbs of experience.


For example: «Ćirát anícaúra» means "I am cold", and here, «ćirát» is the genitive form of «će»
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:30em"
=====Dative=====
|+ Makari case system
The dative case is used to mark the indirect object of a sentence, the direct object of verbs of possession, is used with «já» to indicate inalienable possession and helps to convey the role of the [[w:Lative case|lative case]].
|-
=====Accusative=====
! Case !! Usage
The accusative case is used to indicate the direct object of a verb. It derived from the merging between the Accusative and the Partitive, loaned from the Kinavel case system
|-
=====Locative=====
| Nominative || Subject of a verb (+ predicate)
The locative case is used to indicate a position  in space, a motion away from a place, and can be used as a derivation method to derive names of places.
|-
| Genitive || Alienable possession, subject of verbs of experience
|-
| Dative || Indirect object, direct object of verbs of possession, inalienable possession (with «{{term|já}}»), lative case
|-
| Accusative || Direct object
|-
| Locative || Position in space, movement away from, derivation method
|-
| Vocative || Apostrophe
|-
| Prepositional || Objects of prepositions
|}


Ex: «heír» becomes háritia
====Numbers====
In Makari, nouns are inflected using two numbers (or three depending on when the word was loaned) :  
* Singular
* Paucal (Merged with the plural)
* Plural


====Paradigms====
====Paradigms====
{{template:Makari noun declension|class=V|red1=ár|red2=li|V1=á|1=ári|2=árí|3=áli}}
{| class="multicol"
|-
| {{template:Makari noun declension|class=V|red1=ár|red2=li|V1=á|1=ári|2=árí|3=áli}}
| {{template:Makari noun declension|class=M|red1=to|red2=cá|V1=o|1=toká|2=toka|3=tocá}}
| {{template:Makari noun declension|class=C|red1=ak|red2=an|V1=a|1=akan|2=akán|3=akat|4=aka}}
|}
 
===Verbs===
Verbs in Makari have 2 different stems : the "normal" stem and the "apophonic" stem (see [[Makari#Apophony]] for the stem rules). The apophonic stem is used for the perfect tense, and for the conditional. There are 13 main tenses and 4 compound tenses, 4 moods and 3 numbers.
 
Certain verb forms use an augment, represented as «e» or «et» depending on the word
 
Verbs are highly regular, expect for 4 verbs : the copula «ne», the locative copula «ita» , the possessive auxiliary «ru» and the negative auxiliary «á»
 
{| class="multicol"
|-
| {{template:Makari verb conjugation|class=V|fs=C|1=kira|2=kíoráu}}
| {{template:Makari verb conjugation|class=M|fs=V|1=ánicaúraí|2=ánicáuráu}}
| {{template:Makari verb conjugation|class=C|fs=V|1=eteran|2=etiráun}}
|}


[[Category:Makari]]
[[Category:Makari]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
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